scholarly journals Nonverbal pre-performance expressions of professional darts players distinguish between good and poor performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Furley ◽  
Florian Klingner ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Appearance Modeling ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Perceptual Motor Performance ◽  
Valid Information

AbstractThe present research attempted to extend prior research that showed that thin-slices of pre-performance nonverbal behavior (NVB) of professional darts players gives valid information to observers about subsequent performance tendencies. Specifically, we investigated what kind of nonverbal cues were associated with success and informed thin-slice ratings. Participants (N = 61) were first asked to estimate the performance of a random sample of videos showing the preparatory NVB of professional darts players (N = 47) either performing well (470 clips) or poorly (470 clips). Preparatory NVB was assessed via preparation times and Active Appearance Modeling using Noldus FaceReader. Results showed that observers could distinguish between good and poor performance based on thin-slices of preparatory NVB (p = 0.001, d = 0.87). Further analyses showed that facial expressions prior to poor performance showed more arousal (p = 0.011, ƞ2p = 0.10), sadness (p = 0.040, ƞ2p = 0.04), and anxiety (p = 0.009, ƞ2p = 0.09) and preparation times were shorter (p = 0.001, ƞ2p = 0.36) prior to poor performance than good performance. Lens model analyses showed preparation times (p = 0.001, rho = 0.18), neutral (p = 0.001, rho = 0.13), sad (rho = 0.12), and facial expressions of arousal (p = 0.001, rho = 0.11) to be correlated with observers’ performance ratings. Hence, preparation times and facial cues associated with a player’s level of arousal, neutrality, and sadness seem to be valid nonverbal cues that observers utilize to infer information about subsequent perceptual-motor performance.

scholarly journals The Expression of Success: Are Thin-Slices of Pre-performance Nonverbal Behavior Prior to Throwing Darts Predictive of Performance in Professional Darts?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Furley ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Perceptual Motor Performance ◽  
Valid Information

Abstract The present research attempted to test how skilled people are at predicting perceptual-motor performance of professional darts players based on short observations of pre-performance nonverbal behavior. In four thin-slices experiments (total N = 490) we randomly sampled stimulus material from the 2017 World Championships of Darts showing short video recordings of the players immediately before throwing darts. Participants were asked to estimate the points scored for the respective throws. Results across four experiments, all of which were successfully replicated in direct replication attempts, supported the hypothesis that pre-performance nonverbal behavior of professional darts players gives valid information to observers about subsequent performance tendencies. The present research is the first to show that highly skilled individuals seem to display nonverbal cues that observers can pick up to draw inferences about how these individuals are likely to perform.

scholarly journals Facial expressions contribute more than body movements to conversational outcomes in avatar-mediated virtual environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Oh Kruzic ◽  
David Kruzic ◽  
Fernanda Herrera ◽  
Jeremy Bailenson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nonverbal Synchrony

AbstractThis study focuses on the individual and joint contributions of two nonverbal channels (i.e., face and upper body) in avatar mediated-virtual environments. 140 dyads were randomly assigned to communicate with each other via platforms that differentially activated or deactivated facial and bodily nonverbal cues. The availability of facial expressions had a positive effect on interpersonal outcomes. More specifically, dyads that were able to see their partner’s facial movements mapped onto their avatars liked each other more, formed more accurate impressions about their partners, and described their interaction experiences more positively compared to those unable to see facial movements. However, the latter was only true when their partner’s bodily gestures were also available and not when only facial movements were available. Dyads showed greater nonverbal synchrony when they could see their partner’s bodily and facial movements. This study also employed machine learning to explore whether nonverbal cues could predict interpersonal attraction. These classifiers predicted high and low interpersonal attraction at an accuracy rate of 65%. These findings highlight the relative significance of facial cues compared to bodily cues on interpersonal outcomes in virtual environments and lend insight into the potential of automatically tracked nonverbal cues to predict interpersonal attitudes.

scholarly journals Separable convolutional neural networks for facial expressions recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andry Chowanda
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Emotional Recognition ◽  
Testing Accuracy ◽  
Facial Expressions Recognition

AbstractSocial interactions are important for us, humans, as social creatures. Emotions play an important part in social interactions. They usually express meanings along with the spoken utterances to the interlocutors. Automatic facial expressions recognition is one technique to automatically capture, recognise, and understand emotions from the interlocutor. Many techniques proposed to increase the accuracy of emotions recognition from facial cues. Architecture such as convolutional neural networks demonstrates promising results for emotions recognition. However, most of the current models of convolutional neural networks require an enormous computational power to train and process emotional recognition. This research aims to build compact networks with depthwise separable layers while also maintaining performance. Three datasets and three other similar architectures were used to be compared with the proposed architecture. The results show that the proposed architecture performed the best among the other architectures. It achieved up to 13% better accuracy and 6–71% smaller and more compact than the other architectures. The best testing accuracy achieved by the architecture was 99.4%.

scholarly journals Contributions of Nonverbal Cues to the Accurate Judgment of Personality Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Breil ◽  
Sarah Osterholz ◽  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Mitja D. Back
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Accurate Judgment ◽  
Personality Judgments ◽  
Conceptual Overview ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter summarizes research on nonverbal expressions of behavior (nonverbal cues) and how they contribute to the accuracy of personality judgments. First, it presents a conceptual overview of relevant nonverbal cues in the domains of facial expressions, body language, paralanguage, and appearance as well as approaches to assess these cues on different levels of aggregation. It then summarizes research on the validity of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues are good indicators of personality?) and the utilization of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues lead to personality impressions?), resulting in a catalog of those cues that drive judgment accuracy for different traits. Finally, it discusses personal and situational characteristics that moderate the expression and utilization of nonverbal cues and give an outlook for future research.

scholarly journals Abnormal visual representations associated with confusion of perceived facial expression in schizophrenia with social anxiety disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand ◽  
Tania Lecomte ◽  
M. Archibaldo Bravo ◽  
Martin Lepage ◽  
Stéphane Potvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Coarse Information

Abstract Deficits in social functioning are especially severe amongst schizophrenia individuals with the prevalent comorbidity of social anxiety disorder (SZ&SAD). Yet, the mechanisms underlying the recognition of facial expression of emotions—a hallmark of social cognition—are practically unexplored in SZ&SAD. Here, we aim to reveal the visual representations SZ&SAD (n = 16) and controls (n = 14) rely on for facial expression recognition. We ran a total of 30,000 trials of a facial expression categorization task with Bubbles, a data-driven technique. Results showed that SZ&SAD’s ability to categorize facial expression was impared compared to controls. More severe negative symptoms (flat affect, apathy, reduced social drive) was associated with more impaired emotion recognition ability, and with more biases in attributing neutral affect to faces. Higher social anxiety symptoms, on the other hand, was found to enhance the reaction speed to neutral and angry faces. Most importantly, Bubbles showed that these abnormalities could be explained by inefficient visual representations of emotions: compared to controls, SZ&SAD subjects relied less on fine facial cues (high spatial frequencies) and more on coarse facial cues (low spatial frequencies). SZ&SAD participants also never relied on the eye regions (only on the mouth) to categorize facial expressions. We discuss how possible interactions between early (low sensitivity to coarse information) and late stages of the visual system (overreliance on these coarse features) might disrupt SZ&SAD’s recognition of facial expressions. Our findings offer perceptual mechanisms through which comorbid SZ&SAD impairs crucial aspects of social cognition, as well as functional psychopathology.

Effect of Lens-Model and Outcome Feedback in a Social Judgment Analogue

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Erik Rudestam ◽  
Richard C. Sherman ◽  
Roy Jarnecke
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Outcome Feedback ◽  
Task System ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Correct Category

96 Ss judged the correct category designations of human-like figures which differed with respect to four facial cues. The task was designed so that the correct category was defined by a linear function of the cues. Ss were randomly assigned to one of 4 feedback conditions in which they received (1) traditional “right” vs “wrong” feedback after each trial, (2) the correct category of each figure, (3) the values of each cue for each figure, or (4) the linear function relating the cues to the categories. The results were analyzed by Tucker's modification of the Brunswikian lens model equations. Ss who received “lens” feedback gained significantly more knowledge of the task system than Ss in traditional outcome feedback conditions, exercised significantly greater control over that knowledge, and achieved a significantly higher level of accuracy in their judgments. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance for situations of social judgment.

scholarly journals First Impressions, Cultural Assimilation, and Hireability in Job Interviews: Examining Body Language and Facial Expressions' Impact on Employer's Perceptions of Applicants

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Cortez ◽  
David Marshall ◽  
Cydi Yang ◽  
Loc Luong
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Body Language ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
College Age ◽  
Interview Setting

The purpose of this study was to discover what nonverbal facial behaviors are important in an interview setting. This was done by conducting interviews with eight current employers as well as four college age persons who have recently interviewed for a job. As a result, the data suggests that the two main facial behaviors sought by employers in the interview of the applicant were smiling and eye contact. Other nonverbal communication behaviors were analyzed as well. These findings will allow people to be better prepared and be more conscious of what they are displaying in the interview setting in the terms of nonverbal facial cues when interviewing for a future career.

The Expression of Ego Depletion

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Furley ◽  
Sebastian Kohlhaas ◽  
Chris Englert ◽  
Arne Nieuwenhuys ◽  
Alex Bertrams
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Thin Slices Of Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Effects

Abstract. Is depleted self-control capacity detectable from thin slices of behavior? In four video-conditions (early-depleted; early-non-depleted; late-depleted; late-non-depleted) untrained observers rated target persons’ available self-control capacity in Experiments 1 and 2 (without sound) and in terms of fatigue and negative affect (Experiment 3). Videos were analyzed with Noldus FaceReader software (Experiment 4). Ego depletion could reliably be detected from thin slices of behavior. Nonverbal expressions coinciding with ego depletion are associated with cues signaling momentary levels of self-control capacity, fatigue, and some negative affective states. FaceReader analyses indicated that facial expressions coinciding with ego depletion are subtle and are extractable from facial dynamics rather than expression intensities. Results indicate that self-control depletion might not only have intrapersonal effects, but also interpersonal effects.

Too Much an Out-Group? How Nonverbal Cues About Gender and Ethnicity Affect Candidate Support

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Barisione ◽  
Shanto Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Candidate Support ◽  
Physical Features

AbstractPrevious work on nonverbal cues has demonstrated the influence of candidates’ facial displays on voter preferences. However, the idea that visual cues affect political judgment by signaling the relative social solidarity (in-group vs. out-group status) between candidates and voters has received little attention. We fill this gap by experimentally manipulating facial cues associated with the physical features of gender and ethnicity (Afrocentric vs. Eurocentric-looking) and assessing their effects on candidate support in the context of the Italian 2013 general election. The experimental design is based on a CAWI post-election online survey conducted on a representative sample of Italian voters. We find that group differences between candidates and voters matter, but only among right of center voters, who respond more negatively to party candidates expressing “combined” (party x gender x ethnicity) dissimilarity. Gender- and ethnicity-based differences are, on the contrary, “assimilated” and accepted when the target candidate is from the voter's party.

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