scholarly journals Non-invasive laparoscopic detection of small tumors of the digestive tract using inductive sensors of proximity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Calborean ◽  
Sergiu Macavei ◽  
Mihaela Mocan ◽  
Catalin Ciuce ◽  
Adriana Bintintan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Diagnostic Endoscopy ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
New Instrument

AbstractThe precise location of gastric and colorectal tumors is of paramount importance for the oncological surgeon as it dictates the limits of resection and the extent of lymphadenectomy. However, this task proves sometimes to be very challenging, especially in the laparoscopic setting when the tumors are small, have a soft texture, and do not invade the serosa. In this view, our research team has developed a new instrument adapted to minimally-invasive surgery, and manipulated solely by the operating surgeon which has the potential to locate precisely tumors of the digestive tract. It consists of an inductive proximity sensor and an electronic block encapsulated into an autoclavable stainless-steel cage that works in tandem with an endoscopic hemostatic clip whose structure was modified to increase detectability. By scanning the serosal side of the colon or stomach, the instrument is capable to accurately pinpoint the location of the clip placed previously during diagnostic endoscopy on the normal bowel mucosa, adjacent to the tumor. In the current in-vivo experiments performed on large animals, the modified clips were transported without difficulties to the point of interest and attached to the mucosa of the bowel. Using a laparoscopic approach, the detection rate of this system reached 65% when the sensor scanned the bowel at a speed of 0.3 cm/s, and applying slight pressure on the serosa. This value increased to 95% when the sensor was guided directly on the point of clip attachment. The detection rate dropped sharply when the scanning speed exceeded 1 cm/s and when the sensor-clip distance exceeded the cut-off value of 3 mm. In conclusion, the proposed detection system demonstrated its potential to offer a swift and convenient solution for the digestive laparoscopic surgeons, however its detection range still needs to be improved to render it useful for the clinical setting.

scholarly journals α2-Macroglobulin Is a Significant In Vivo Inhibitor of Activated Protein C and Low APC:α2M Levels Are Associated with Venous Thromboembolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 630-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Martos ◽  
Luis Ramón ◽  
Julia Oto ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Pardo ◽  
Santiago Bonanad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Apc Protein ◽  
Control Study

Background Activated protein C (APC) is a major regulator of thrombin formation. Two major plasma inhibitors form complexes with APC, protein C inhibitor (PCI) and α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), and these complexes have been quantified by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Also, complexes of APC with α2-macroglobulin (α2M) have been observed by immunoblotting. Here, we report an ELISA for APC:α2M complexes in plasma. Methods Plasma samples were pre-treated with dithiothreitol and then with iodoacetamide. The detection range of the newly developed APC:α2M assay was 0.031 to 8.0 ng/mL of complexed APC. Following infusions of APC in humans and baboons, complexes of APC with α2M, PCI and α1AT were quantified. These complexes as well as circulating APC were also measured in 121 patients with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and 119 matched controls. Results In all the in vivo experiments, α2M was a significant APC inhibitor. The VTE case–control study showed that VTE patients had significantly lower APC:α2M and APC levels than the controls (p < 0.001). Individuals in the lowest quartile of APC:α2M or the lowest quartile of APC had approximately four times more VTE risk than those in the highest quartile of APC:α2M or of APC. The risk increased for individuals with low levels of both parameters. Conclusion The APC:α2M assay reported here may be useful to help monitor the in vivo fate of APC in plasma. In addition, our results show that a low APC:α2M level is associated with increased VTE risk.

Stem Cell Cure for Kidney Injury: Therapy to Solve Most Complex Issues in Renal System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Renal Regeneration ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Renal failure is a major health problem. The mortality rate remain high despite of several therapies. The most complex of the renal issues are solved through stem cells. In this review, different mechanism for cure of chronic kidney injury along with cell engraftment incorporated into renal structures will be analysed. Paracrine activities of embryonic or induced Pluripotent stem cells are explored on the basis of stem cell-induced kidney regeneration. Several experiments have been conducted to advance stem cells to ensure the restoration of renal functions. More vigour and organised protocols for delivering stem cells is a possibility for advancement in treatment of renal disease. Also there is a need for pressing therapies to replicate the tissue remodelling and cellular repair processes suitable for renal organs. Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that have the ability to multiply into several cell types. In vivo experiments on animal’s stem cells have shown significant improvements in the renal regeneration and functions of organs. Nevertheless more studies show several improvements in the kidney repair due to stem cell regeneration.

In vivo Experiments of Natural Products Protection of Antagonistic Effects of Lead on Iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747-2751
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Toxic Potential

Living organisms take nutrients from the environment, and together with them, substances with toxic potential � such as heavy metals. Lead is one common metal pollutant especially in aquatic environment, from where the fish can be intoxicated very easily. Bioavailability, distribution, toxic action, synergistic and antagonistic effects are characteristics which can alter the fish health. Our experimental study followed the effects of lead overload in water on iron distribution, in different tissues sample Carassius gibelio Bloch fish. We performed the experiment in four different fish groups: control C; lead � Pb (administration of lead in water 0.075mg/mL of water, as Pb(NO3)2 x � H2O); lead (the same dose) and 2% of freeze-dry garlic incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+garlic; lead (the same dose) and 2% chlorella incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+chlorella, for 21 consecutive days. The iron concentration was analysed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) from gills, muscle, skin (and scales), intestine, liver, heart, brain, ovary, testicles, and kidney. The obtained data presented a significantly decrease of iron content in all tested tissue samples that demonstrated, alteration of iron homeostasis, explained by a strong antagonistic effect of lead on iron. Our experiment showed that biologic active principles from garlic and chlorella act like natural protectors, and potentiate the iron deficiency even in the case of lead overload in aquatic environment, for fish.

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILVER BISILICATE IN EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Margarita Tyndyk ◽  
Irina Popovich ◽  
A. Malek ◽  
R. Samsonov ◽  
N. Germanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The paper presents the results of the research on the antitumor activity of a new drug - atomic clusters of silver (ACS), the colloidal solution of nanostructured silver bisilicate Ag6Si2O7 with particles size of 1-2 nm in deionized water. In vitro studies to evaluate the effect of various ACS concentrations in human tumor cells cultures (breast cancer, colon carcinoma and prostate cancer) were conducted. The highest antitumor activity of ACS was observed in dilutions from 2.7 mg/l to 5.1 mg/l, resulting in the death of tumor cells in all studied cell cultures. In vivo experiments on transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice consuming 0.75 mg/kg ACS with drinking water revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth since the 14th day of experiment (maximally by 52% on the 28th day, p < 0.05) in comparison with control. Subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg ACS inhibited Ehrlich's tumor growth on the 7th and 10th days of the experiment (p < 0.05) as compared to control.

Human Fibronectin Extra-Domain B (EDB)-Specific Aptide (APTEDB) Radiolabelling with Technetium-99m as a Potent Targeted Tumour-Imaging Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadgholi ◽  
Nourollah Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Mostafa Erfani ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Abedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Tumour Imaging ◽  
Specific Binding Ratio ◽  
Tumour Uptake ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Human Fibronectin

Background: Human fibronectin extra-domain B (EDB) is particularly expressed during angiogenesis progression. It is, thus, a promising marker of tumour growth. Aptides are a novel class of peptides with high-affinity binding to specific protein targets. APTEDB is an antagonist-like ligand that especially interacts with human fibronectin EDB. Objective: This study was the first attempt in which the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC)-conjugated APTEDB was labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) as an appropriate radiotracer and tricine/EDDA exchange labeling. Methods: Radiochemical purity, normal saline, and serum stability were evaluated by HPLC and radio-isotope TLC scanner. Other examinations, such as protein-binding calculation, dissociation radioligand binding assay, and partition coefficient constant determination, were also carried out. The cellular-specific binding of 99mTc- HYNIC-conjugated APTEDB was assessed in two EDB-positive (U87MG) and EDB-negative (U373MG) cell lines. Bio-distribution was investigated in normal mice as well as in U87MG and U373MG tumour-bearing mice. Eventually, the radiolabelled APTEDB was used for tumour imaging using planar SPECT. Results: Radiolabelling was achieved with high purity (up to 97%) and accompanied by high solution (over 90% after overnight) and serum (80% after 2 hours) stability. The obtained cellular-specific binding ratio was greater than nine-fold. In-vivo experiments showed rapid blood clearance with mainly renal excretion and tumour uptake specificity (0.48±0.03% ID/g after 1h). The results of the imaging also confirmed considerable tumour uptake for EDB-positive cell line compared with the EDB-negative one. Conclusion: Aptides are considered to be a potent candidate for biopharmaceutical applications. They can be modified with imaging or therapeutic agents. This report shows the capability of 99mTc-HYNIC-APTEDB for human EDB-expressing tumours detection.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Nader Kameli ◽  
Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽  
Paul Savelkoul ◽  
Frank R. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

scholarly journals Osteoprotective Effects of Loganic Acid on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells and Osteoporosis-Induced Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Eunkuk Park ◽  
Chang Gun Lee ◽  
Eunguk Lim ◽  
Seokjin Hwang ◽  
Seung Hee Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Osteoporosis is a common disease caused by an imbalance of processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts in postmenopausal women. The roots of Gentiana lutea L. (GL) are reported to have beneficial effects on various human diseases related to liver functions and gastrointestinal motility, as well as on arthritis. Here, we fractionated and isolated bioactive constituent(s) responsible for anti-osteoporotic effects of GL root extract. A single phytochemical compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate osteoprotective agent. Its anti-osteoporotic effects were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with loganic acid significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing mRNA expression levels of bone metabolic markers such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7. However, loganic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation of primary-cultured monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow. For in vivo experiments, the effect of loganic acid on ovariectomized (OVX) mice was examined for 12 weeks. Loganic acid prevented OVX-induced bone mineral density loss and improved bone structural properties in osteoporotic model mice. These results suggest that loganic acid may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Characterization of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG in Ovarian Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Mikella Robinson ◽  
Samuel F. Gilbert ◽  
Jennifer A. Waters ◽  
Omar Lujano-Olazaba ◽  
Jacqueline Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Nanog Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Early Tumor ◽  
Cycle Regulation

The identification of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) has traditionally relied on surface markers including CD133, CD44, CD117, and the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme, which have diverse expression across samples. A more reliable indication of TICs may include the expression of embryonic transcription factors that support long-term self-renewal, multipotency, and quiescence. We hypothesize that SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG will be enriched in ovarian TICs and may indicate TICs with high relapse potential. We evaluated a panel of eight ovarian cancer cell lines grown in standard 2-D culture or in spheroid-enriching 3-D culture, and correlated expression with growth characteristics, TIC marker expression, and chemotherapy resistance. RNA-sequencing showed that cell cycle regulation pathways involving SOX2 were elevated in 3-D conditions. HGSOC lines had longer doubling-times, greater chemoresistance, and significantly increased expression of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG in 3-D conditions. CD117+ or ALDH+/CD133+ cells had increased SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG expression. Limiting dilution in in vivo experiments implicated SOX2, but not OCT4 or NANOG, with early tumor-initiation. An analysis of patient data suggested a stronger role for SOX2, relative to OCT4 or NANOG, for tumor relapse potential. Overall, our findings suggest that SOX2 may be a more consistent indicator of ovarian TICs that contribute to tumor repopulation following chemotherapy. Future studies evaluating SOX2 in TIC biology will increase our understanding of the mechanisms that drive ovarian cancer relapse.

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