scholarly journals Emergence of energy-avoiding and energy-seeking behaviors in nonequilibrium dissipative quantum systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Werlang ◽  
Maurício Matos ◽  
Frederico Brito ◽  
Daniel Valente
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Master Equation ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Dissipative Quantum Systems ◽  
Adaptive Shifts

AbstractA longstanding challenge in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is to predict the emergence of self-organized behaviors and functionalities typical of living matter. Despite the progress with classical complex systems, it remains far from obvious how to extrapolate these results down to the quantum scale. Here, we employ the paradigmatic master equation framework to establish that some lifelike behaviors and functionalities can indeed emerge in elementary dissipative quantum systems driven out of equilibrium. Specifically, we find both energy-avoiding (low steady dissipation) and energy-seeking behaviors (high steady dissipation), as well as self-adaptive shifts between these modes, in generic few-level systems. We also find emergent functionalities, namely, a self-organized thermal gradient in the system’s environment (in the energy-seeking mode) and an active equilibration against thermal gradients (in the energy-avoiding mode). Finally, we discuss the possibility that our results could be related to the concept of dissipative adaptation.

Fission Gas Bubbles in Fractured UO2

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
O. M. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Fission Gas ◽  
Beam Heating ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Bubble Characteristics ◽  
Electron Beam Heating

The swelling of irradiated UO2 has been attributed to the migration and agglomeration of fission gas bubbles in a thermal gradient. High temperatures and thermal gradients obtained by electron beam heating simulate reactor behavior and lead to the postulation of swelling mechanisms. Although electron microscopy studies have been reported on UO2, two experimental procedures have limited application of the results: irradiation was achieved either with a stream of inert gas ions without fission or at depletions less than 2 x 1020 fissions/cm3 (∼3/4 at % burnup). This study was not limited either of these conditions and reports on the bubble characteristics observed by transmission and fractographic electron microscopy in high density (96% theoretical) UO2 irradiated between 3.5 and 31.3 x 1020 fissions/cm3 at temperatures below l600°F. Preliminary results from replicas of the as-polished and etched surfaces of these samples were published.

Toward living nanomachines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Mast ◽  
Friederike Möller ◽  
Moritz Kreysing ◽  
Severin Schink ◽  
Benedikt Obermayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Minimal System ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Temperature Oscillations ◽  
Fluid Convection ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Periodic Temperature

How does inanimate matter become transformed into animate matter? Living systems evolve by replication and selection at the molecular level and this chapter considers how to establish a synthetic, minimal system that can support molecular evolution and thus life. Molecular evolution cannot be explained by starting with high concentrations of activated chemicals that react toward their chemical equilibrium; persistent non-equilibria are required to maintain continuous reactivity and we especially consider thermal gradients as an early driving force for Darwinian molecular evolution. The temperature difference across water-filled compartments implements a laminar fluid convection with periodic temperature oscillations that allow for the melting and replication of DNA. Simultaneously, dissolved molecules are moved along the thermal gradient by an effect called thermophoresis. The combined result is an efficient molecule trap that exponentially favors long over short DNA and thus maintains complexity. Future experiments will reveal how thermal gradients could actively drive the Darwinian process of replication and selection.

scholarly journals Cognitive Profiling of Nodes in 6G through Multiplex Social Network and Evolutionary Collective Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Marialisa Scatá ◽  
Barbara Attanasio ◽  
Aurelio La Corte
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Collective Dynamics ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Learning And Cognition ◽  
Application Fields

Complex systems are fully described by the connectedness of their elements studying how these develop a collective behavior, interacting with each other following their inner features, and the structure and dynamics of the entire system. The forthcoming 6G will attempt to rewrite the communication networks’ perspective, focusing on a radical revolution in the way entities and technologies are conceived, integrated and used. This will lead to innovative approaches with the aim of providing new directions to deal with future network challenges posed by the upcoming 6G, thus the complex systems could become an enabling set of tools and methods to design a self-organized, resilient and cognitive network, suitable for many application fields, such as digital health or smart city living scenarios. Here, we propose a complex profiling approach of heterogeneous nodes belonging to the network with the goal of including the multiplex social network as a mathematical representation that enables us to consider multiple types of interactions, the collective dynamics of diffusion and competition, through social contagion and evolutionary game theory, and the mesoscale organization in communities to drive learning and cognition. Through a framework, we detail the step by step modeling approach and show and discuss our findings, applying it to a real dataset, by demonstrating how the proposed model allows us to detect deeply complex knowable roles of nodes.

scholarly journals Travelling colourful patterns in self-organized cellulose-based liquid crystalline structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro E. S. Silva ◽  
Ricardo Chagas ◽  
Susete N. Fernandes ◽  
Pawel Pieranski ◽  
Robin L. B. Selinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Self Organized

AbstractCellulose-based systems are useful for many applications. However, the issue of self-organization under non-equilibrium conditions, which is ubiquitous in living matter, has scarcely been addressed in cellulose-based materials. Here, we show that quasi-2D preparations of a lyotropic cellulose-based cholesteric mesophase display travelling colourful patterns, which are generated by a chemical reaction-diffusion mechanism being simultaneous with the evaporation of solvents at the boundaries. These patterns involve spatial and temporal variation in the amplitude and sign of the helix´s pitch. We propose a simple model, based on a reaction-diffusion mechanism, which simulates the observed spatiotemporal colour behaviour.

A Theoretical Study of the Temperature Gradient Effect on the Soret Coefficient in n-Pentane/n-Decane Mixtures Using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-332
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Ruquan Liang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Ziqi Xia ◽  
Lichun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Soret Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Non Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe effect of the temperature gradient on the Soret coefficient in n-pentane/n-decane (n-C5/n-C10) mixtures was investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) with the heat exchange (eHEX) algorithm. n-Pentane/n-decane mixtures with three different compositions (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mole fractions, respectively) and the TraPPE-UA force field were used in computing the Soret coefficient ({S_{T}}) at 300 K and 1 atm. Added/removed heat quantities (ΔQ) of 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, and 0.01 kcal/mol were employed in eHEX processes in order to study the effect of different thermal gradients on the Soret coefficient. Moreover, a phenomenological description was applied to discuss the mechanism of this effect. Present results show that the Soret coefficient values firstly fluctuate violently and then become increasingly stable with increasing ΔQ (especially in the mixture with a mole fraction of 0.75), which means that ΔQ has a smaller effect on the Soret coefficient when the temperature gradient is higher than a certain thermal gradient. Thus, a high temperature gradient is recommended for calculating the Soret coefficient under the conditions that a linear response and constant phase are ensured in the system. In addition, the simulated Soret coefficient obtained at the highest ΔQ within three different compositions is in great agreement with experimental data.

scholarly journals Effective quantum Zeno dynamics in dissipative quantum systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Popkov ◽  
Simon Essink ◽  
Carlo Presilla ◽  
Gunter Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Zeno Dynamics ◽  
Dissipative Quantum Systems

scholarly journals Changes in Quinone Profiles of Hot Spring Microbial Mats with a Thermal Gradient

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Hiraishi ◽  
Taichi Umezawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Kenji Kato ◽  
Yonosuke Maki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mats ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Quinone Profile ◽  
Bacterial Mats ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT The respiratory and photosynthetic quinones of microbial mats which occurred in Japanese sulfide-containing neutral-pH hot springs at different temperatures were analyzed by spectrochromatography and mass spectrometry. All of the microbial mats that developed at high temperatures (temperatures above 68°C) were so-called sulfur-turf bacterial mats and produced methionaquinones (MTKs) as the major quinones. A 78°C hot spring sediment had a similar quinone profile.Chloroflexus-mixed mats occurred at temperatures of 61 to 65°C and contained menaquinone 10 (MK-10) as the major component together with significant amounts of either MTKs or plastoquinone 9 (PQ-9). The sunlight-exposed biomats growing at temperatures of 45 to 56°C were all cyanobacterial mats, in which the photosynthetic quinones (PQ-9 and phylloquinone) predominated and MK-10 was the next most abundant component in most cases. Ubiquinones (UQs) were not found or were detected in only small amounts in the biomats growing at temperatures of 50°C and above, whereas the majority of the quinones of a purple photosynthetic mat growing at 34°C were UQs. A numerical analysis of the quinone profiles was performed by using the following three parameters: dissimilarity index (D), microbial divergence index (MDq ), and bioenergetic divergence index (BDq ). A D matrix tree analysis showed that the hot spring mats consisting of the sulfur-turf bacteria, Chloroflexus spp., cyanobacteria, and purple phototrophic bacteria formed distinct clusters. Analyses ofMDq and BDq values indicated that the microbial diversity of hot spring mats decreased as the temperature of the environment increased. The changes in quinone profiles and physiological types of microbial mats in hot springs with thermal gradients are discussed from evolutionary viewpoints.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document