scholarly journals Commentary on: Evaluation of spice and herb as phyto-derived selective modulators of human retinaldehyde dehydrogenases using simple in vitro method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bilska-Wilkosz

It is commonly known that aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a promising therapeutic target in many diseases. Bui et al. - the authors of the paper I am discussing here (Biosci Rep (2021) 41(5): BSR20210491; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20210491) - point that there is a lack of research on the use of spices and herbs as the sources of naturally occurring modulators of ALDH activity. In order to carry out this type of research, the authors prepared ethanolic extracts of 22 spices and herbs. The main objective of the study was to investigate retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), of which retinal is the main substrate and ALDH2, the mitochondrial isoform, having acetaldehyde as the main substrate. The obtained results indicated that the tested extracts exhibited differential regulatory effects on RALDHs/ALDH2 and some of them showed a potential selective inhibition of the activity of RALDHs.

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
Jeysson Sánchez-Suárez ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera ◽  
Luis Enrique Cuca ◽  
Gabriela Delgado

The in vitro leishmanicidal effects of ethanolic extracts and fifteen naturally-occurring compounds (five lignans, eight neolignans, a diterpene and a dihydrochalcone), obtained from Pleurothyrium cinereum and Ocotea macrophylla, were evaluated on promastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and L. braziliensis. In addition, in order to determine the selective action on Leishmania species as a safety principle, in vitro cytotoxicity on J774 cells was also evaluated for test compounds and extracts. One extract and seven compounds showed activity against Leishmania parasites at different levels. Dihydroflavokawin B (8) was found to be the most potent antileishmanial compound on both parasites, whilst (+)-otobaphenol (14), was found to be the most selective compound on L. panamensis.


1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Häusler ◽  
L. Schenkel ◽  
C. Krähenbühl ◽  
G. Monnet ◽  
A.S. Bhatnagar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Dong ◽  
Mancheng Gong ◽  
Jianjun Xiao ◽  
Huifen Li ◽  
Muyou Tian ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundPieces of evidences have shown the important regulatory effects of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer (GC). While it is not entirely clear for the role and mechanism of focally amplified lncRNA on chromosome 1 (FALEC) during GC tumorigenesis. MethodsThe levels of FALEC, microRNA-203b (miR-203b), and PIM3 were confirmed by qRT-PCR. And cell autophagy, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were estimated using western blot for autophagy-related proteins, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CCK-8, flow cytometer, and Transwell assays in NCI-N87 cells and Xenograft tumor. Besides, the interaction between miR-203b and FALEC or PIM3 was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, the involvement of miR-203b and PIM3 in the regulatory effects of FALEC on GC was determined by rescue experiments. ResultsThe results proved that FALEC and PIM3 were highly expressed, while miR-203b was lowly expressed in GC. FALEC knockdown repressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Meanwhile, FALEC knockdown prevented growth and induced GC autophagy in vivo. In mechanism, FALEC could upregulate PIM3 by sponging miR-203b in GC cells. Besides, FALEC induced the malignant behaviors of GC cells by regulating the miR-203b/PIM3 axis. ConclusionsTherefore, FALEC/miR-203b/PIM3 axis might act as the promising therapeutic target for the therapy of GC patients.


1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
A R Pomeroy

SummaryThe limitations of currently used in vitro assays of heparin have demonstrated the need for an in vivo method suitable for routine use.The in vivo method which is described in this paper uses, for each heparin preparation, four groups of five mice which are injected intravenously with heparin according to a “2 and 2 dose assay” procedure. The method is relatively rapid, requiring 3 to 4 hours to test five heparin preparations against a standard preparation of heparin. Levels of accuracy and precision acceptable for the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia are obtained by combining the results of 3 to 4 assays of a heparin preparation.The similarity of results obtained the in vivo method and the in vitro method of the British Pharmacopoeia for heparin preparations of lung and mucosal origin validates this in vivo method and, conversely, demonstrates that the in vitro method of the British Pharmacopoeia gives a reliable estimation of the in vivo activity of heparin.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GITA MISHRA ◽  
HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽  
NISHA SAHU ◽  
SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽  
MONIKA BHADAURIA

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.


1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1125
Author(s):  
D J Eschelman ◽  
A J Greenfield ◽  
D T Gibbens

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