Extracellular vesicles in the circulation: are erythrocyte microvesicles a confounder in the plasma haemoglobin assay?

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M.K. de Vooght ◽  
Cedric Lau ◽  
Pim P.M. de Laat ◽  
Richard van Wijk ◽  
Wouter W. van Solinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Free Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Free Haemoglobin ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Free Plasma

Blood contains a mixture of extracellular vesicles from different cell types, primarily platelets, endothelial cells, leucocytes and erythrocytes. Erythrocytes are the most abundant cell type in blood and could, especially in certain pathologies, represent an important source of vesicles. Since erythrocytes contain the haemoglobin components iron and haem, which are potentially toxic, it is important to investigate the contribution of vesicle-associated haemoglobin to total cell-free haemoglobin levels. To our knowledge, this is the first time that cell-free plasma haemoglobin has been differentiated into vesicle-associated and molecular species. We investigated the contribution of vesicle-associated haemoglobin in residual patient material that was routinely analysed for total cell-free plasma haemoglobin. All patient samples included in the study were haemolytic with total cell-free haemoglobin concentration ranging from 80 to 2500 mg/l. In the majority of the samples, total cell-free haemoglobin concentration was between 100 and 200 mg/l. No haemoglobin could be detected in the vesicle fraction, indicating that the contribution of vesicle-associated haemoglobin to total cell free-haemoglobin levels in plasma is negligible. It is important to investigate whether erythrocyte vesicles are not formed in blood or that their production is not increased during pathologies associated with haemolysis or that the clearance rate of the vesicles surpasses the formation rate.

scholarly journals Intravenous Chlormethiazole — Haemolysis with Concentrated Solutions

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Runciman ◽  
A. H. Ilsley ◽  
R. G. Ryall ◽  
K. S. Parkin ◽  
R. Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Free Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Infusion Tubing

Since the current clinical concentration of chlormethiazole solutions (0.8%) may require the infusion of large volumes of fluid, it was decided to examine the effects on haemolysis of infusing higher concentrations of chlormethiazole into a central vein. Approximately one gram of chlormethiazole was infused into the inferior vena cavae of six anaesthetised greyhounds over each half hour using, successively, 0.8%, 1.2%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% solutions of chlormethiazole. Free plasma haemoglobin levels were measured at five minute intervals, and blood chlormethiazole levels at 15 minute intervals. A rapidly progressive haemolysis occurred when the 5 or 10% solutions were infused. In a further four greyhounds, one gram of chlormethiazole was infused over each half hour using a 0.8% solution, whilst progressively hyperosmolar dextrose solutions were infused at the same rates in succeeding half hours as the concentrated chlormethiazole solutions had been infused in the first six dogs. No haemolysis occurred in these control animals. Chlormethiazole blood levels were similar in each group. Loss of chlormethiazole into the infusion tubing was examined and found to be 20% for the 0.8% solution, and 10% for the 1.2% solution, but was insignificant with the other subsequently infused concentrations of chlormethiazole. It is concluded that rapid progressive haemolysis occurs in association with the infusion of chlormethiazole solutions when concentrations of greater than 5 or 10% are infused into the inferior vena cavae of anaesthetised greyhounds.

scholarly journals Lung Function Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Anaemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne A. Dei-Adomakoh ◽  
Jane S. Afriyie-Mensah ◽  
Audrey Forson ◽  
Martin Adadey ◽  
Thomas A. Ndanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Free Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Free Plasma

Background. Abnormalities in lung function tests have been shown to commonly occur in a majority of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) even at steady state. The prevalence and pattern of these lung function abnormalities have been described in other populations but this is unknown among our sickle cell cohort. There is generally little information available on risk factors associated with the lung function abnormalities and its relevance in patient care. Method. This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 76 clinically stable, hydroxyurea-naive adult Hb-SS participants and 76 nonsickle cell disease (non-SCD) controls. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic data and clinical history of the participants. Investigations performed included spirometry, pulse oximetry, tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) measurements via echocardiogram, complete blood counts, free plasma haemoglobin, serum urea, and creatinine. Results. Weight, BMI, mean FVC, and FEV1% predicted values were comparatively lower among the Hb-SS patients (p < 0.001). Abnormal spirometry outcome occurred in 70.4% of Hb-SS patients, predominantly restrictive defects (p < 0.001), and showed no significant association with steady-state Hb, WBC count, free plasma haemoglobin, frequency of sickling crisis, chronic leg ulcers, and TRV measurements (p > 0.05). The mean oxygen saturation was comparatively lower among Hb-SS patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Measured lung volumes were significantly lower in Hb-SS patients when compared to non-SCD controls and this difference was not influenced by anthropometric variance. Lung function abnormalities, particularly restrictive defects, are prevalent in Hb-SS patients but showed no significant association with recognized markers of disease severity.

COW MILK MICROBIAL CONTENT INFLUENCE ON NEUTROPHILS AND CD4+ MILK CELLS

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
M. Atanasova ◽  
Y. Ivanov ◽  
T. Godjevargova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Different Cell Types

The purpose of this research was to determine the total cell count and some pathogenic microorganisms in 105 milk samples. The somatic cell count (SCC) was significantly higher in mastitic milk samples compared to the uninfected glands and dirty milk samples. The total number of microorganisms (TBC) in dirty and mastitic milk was 5-20 times more than results in healthy milk samples. The influence of the selected pathogenic microorganisms on the number of somatic cells, neutrophils and CD4+ cells was studied. The obtained results were compared with those by a flow cytometer Guava easyCyteTM 8HT. The proportion of different cell types (neutrophils and CD4+ cells) has been shown to be influenced by the type of pathogens.

scholarly journals The Significance of Phenotyping and Quantification of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Levels Using High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry during COVID-19 Treatment

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Igor Kudryavtsev ◽  
Olga Kalinina ◽  
Vadim Bezrukikh ◽  
Olesya Melnik ◽  
Alexey Golovkin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
Scientific Testing ◽  
Different Cell Types

New investigation results point to the potential participation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection, its progression, and mechanisms of the therapy effectiveness. This dictates the necessity to transfer scientific testing technologies to medical practice. Here, we demonstrated the method of phenotyping and quantitative analysis of plasma EVs based on differential centrifugation, immunostaining, and high-sensitivity multicolor flow cytometry. We used EV markers that were potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 dissemination via vesicles and cell-origination markers, characterizing objects from different cell types that could influence clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Plasma levels of CD235a+ and CD14+ EVs in patients with moderate infection were significantly increased while CD8+ and CD19+ EVs were decreased comparing with HD. Patients with severe infection had lower levels of CD4+, CD19+, and CD146+ EVs than HD. These findings demonstrate that EV concentrations in COVID-19 are severity related. Moreover, the three-point dynamic assessment demonstrated significant loss of CD63+ and CD147+ plasma EVs. The used method can be a convenient tool for vital infection pathogenesis investigation and for COVID-19 diagnostics.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Tumors: How to Seed in the Surroundings Molecular Information for Malignant Transformation and Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Cappariello ◽  
Nadia Rucci
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Bone Microenvironment ◽  
Premetastatic Niche ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
Cell Dormancy ◽  
Different Cell Types

Bone is a very dynamic tissue hosting different cell types whose functions are regulated by a plethora of membrane-bound and soluble molecules. Intercellular communication was recently demonstrated to be also sustained by the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These are cell-derived nanosized structures shuttling biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. The bone microenvironment is a preferential site of primary and metastatic tumors, in which cancer cells find a fertile soil to “seed and blossom”. Nowadays, many oncogenic processes are recognized to be sustained by EVs. For example, EVs can directly fuel the vicious cycle in the bone/bone marrow microenvironment. EVs create a favourable environment for tumor growth by affecting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. At the same time other crucial tumor-mediated events, such as the premetastatic niche formation, tumor cell dormancy, as well as drug resistance, have been described to be fostered by tumor-derived EVs. In this review, we will discuss the main body of literature describing how the cancer cells use the EVs for their growth into the bone and for educating the bone microenvironment to host metastases.

scholarly journals Raman Fingerprint of Extracellular Vesicles and Conditioned Media for the Reproducibility Assessment of Cell-Free Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Carlomagno ◽  
Chiara Giannasi ◽  
Stefania Niada ◽  
Marzia Bedoni ◽  
Alice Gualerzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Regenerative Effect ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Non Destructive

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and Conditioned Medium (CM) are promising cell-free approaches to repair damaged and diseased tissues for regenerative rehabilitation purposes. They both entail several advantages, mostly in terms of safety and handling, compared to the cell-based treatment. Despite the growing interest in both EVs and CM preparations, in the light of a clinical translation, a number of aspects still need to be addressed mainly because of limits in the reproducibility and reliability of the proposed protocols. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a non-destructive vibrational investigation method that provides detailed information about the biochemical composition of a sample, with reported ability in bulk characterization of clusters of EVs from different cell types. In the present brief report, we acquired and compared the Raman spectra of the two most promising cell-free therapeutics, i.e., EVs and CM, derived from two cytotypes with a history in the field of regenerative medicine, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) and dermal fibroblasts (DFs). Our results show how RS can verify the reproducibility not only of EV isolation, but also of the whole CM, thus accounting for both the soluble and the vesicular components of cell secretion. RS can provide hints for the identification of the soluble factors that synergistically cooperate with EVs in the regenerative effect of CM. Still, we believe that the application of RS in the pipeline of cell-free products preparation for therapeutic purposes could help in accelerating translation to clinics and regulatory approval.

scholarly journals Apoptotic Bodies: Particular Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Intercellular Communication

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Battistelli ◽  
Elisabetta Falcieri
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Cell Types

In the last decade, a new method of cell–cell communication mediated by membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged. EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), represent a new and important topic, because they are a means of communication between cells and they can also be involved in removing cellular contents. EVs are characterized by differences in size, origin, and content and different types have different functions. They appear as membranous sacs released by a variety of cells, in different physiological and patho-physiological conditions. Intringuingly, exosomes and microvesicles are a potent source of genetic information carriers between different cell types both within a species and even across a species barrier. New, and therefore still relatively poorly known vesicles are apoptotic bodies, on which numerous in-depth studies are needed in order to understand their role and possible function. In this review we would like to analyze their morpho-functional characteristics.

scholarly journals GLI ESOSOMI NELLA COMUNICAZIONE CELLULA-CELLULA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Raimondo
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Cell Cell

Cell to cell communication is essential for the coordination and proper organization of different cell types in multicellular systems. Cells exchange information through a multitude of mechanisms such as secreted growth factors and chemokines, small molecules (peptides, ions, bioactive lipids and nucleotides), cell-cell contact and the secretion of extracellular matrix components. Over the last few years a new and sophisticated mechanism of cell-cell communication based on extracellular vesicles has been described. Extracellular vesicles are specialized vesicles released in the extracellular space by most of cell types, under physiological and pathological conditions. Among different extracellular vesicles subtypes, exosomes (30-100 nm) have recently received most of the attention do to their ability to be messenger in intercellular communication.

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