scholarly journals Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Stuttering Management Among Adolescents: Part II. Exploratory Scale Validation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Naomi H. Rodgers ◽  
Hope Gerlach ◽  
Andrea L. Paiva ◽  
Mark L. Robbins ◽  
Patricia M. Zebrowski
Keyword(s):  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Purpose This article is the second in a two-part series on the application of the Transtheoretical Model to stuttering management among adolescents. The purpose of this article was to apply and explore the validity of newly developed Transtheoretical measures for adolescents who stutter. Method The online survey was completed by a national sample of 173 adolescents who stutter between the ages of 13 and 21 years. The multipart survey included a Stage of Change scale, Decisional Balance scale, and Situational Self-Efficacy scale. Participants also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES), either the teenage or adult version depending on the participant's age, so preliminary construct validity of the new scales could be examined. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to determine model fit and reduce the scales to the most meaningful items. External validity of the three-part survey was examined by comparing OASES scores across stage of change as well as evaluating the functional relations between the three scales. Results Adolescents' readiness to manage stuttering could be clearly described with five discrete stages, although most of the respondents reported being in the Maintenance stage. The pros of managing stuttering reliably predicted stage placement. Internal consistency of the scales ranged from good to excellent. OASES scores differed across stages of readiness in complex but predictable ways. Conclusions These findings suggest that the Transtheoretical Model fits the target behaviors involved stuttering management among adolescents. Further examination of the application of the model to validate a stage-based framework for change among individuals who stutter is warranted.

Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Measures for Managing Anxiety in a National Sample of Clinically Anxious Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Lipschitz ◽  
Andrea L. Paiva ◽  
Colleen A. Redding ◽  
Deborah Levesque ◽  
Joseph S. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose: Anxiety is the most common and costly mental illness in the United States. Reducing avoidance is a core element of evidence-based treatments. Past research shows readiness to address avoidance affects outcomes. Investigating avoidance from a transtheoretical model (TTM) perspective could facilitate tailored approaches for individuals with low readiness. This study developed and examined psychometric properties of TTM measures for addressing anxiety-based avoidance. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Community centers, online survey. Participants: Five hundred ninety-four individuals aged 18 to 70 with clinically significant anxiety. Measures: Overall Anxiety Severity Questionnaire, stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy. Analysis: The sample was randomly split into halves for principal component analyses (PCAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to test measurement models. Further analyses examined relationships between constructs. Results: For decisional balance, PCA indicated two 5-item factors (pros and cons). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 2-factor correlated model, Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square [Formula: see text], comparative fit index (CFI = 0.94), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.07), pros: α = 0.87, ρ = 0.87, cons: α = 0.75, and ρ = 0.75. For self-efficacy, PCA indicated one 6-item factor supported by CFA, [Formula: see text], P < .01, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.09, α = 0.90, ρ = 0.87. As hypothesized, significant cross-stage differences were observed for pros and self-efficacy, and significant relationships between anxiety severity and pros, cons, and self-efficacy were found. Conclusion: Findings show strong psychometric properties and support the application of a readiness-based model to anxiety. In contrast to findings of other behaviors, cons remain high in action and maintenance. These measures provide a solid empirical foundation to develop TTM-tailored interventions to enhance engagement in treatment.

Exercise Behavior among New Zealand Adolescents: A Test of the Transtheoretical Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Maddison ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Time Periods

The purpose of this study was to examine whether variables in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) acted more as predictors than as consequences of exercise behavior (stage of change). Students from 13 New Zealand high schools (N = 1,434) completed questionnaires corresponding to variables in the TTM (i.e., stage of exercise change, processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance) at two time periods separated by 6 months. Reciprocal relationships were found between exercise behavior and the TTM variables. The TTM might be a useful framework for understanding longitudinal exercise behavior in the adolescent population.

Determinants of Forward Stage Transition from Precontemplation and Contemplation for Fruit Consumption

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emely de Vet ◽  
Jascha de Nooijer ◽  
Nanne K. de Vries ◽  
Johannes Brug
Keyword(s):  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage Transition

Purpose. To examine associations between decisional balance, self-efficacy, fruit intake, and stage of change transition from precontemplation and contemplation with cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. Design. A longitudinal cohort study with the use of electronic questionnaires was conducted. Three measurements were analyzed cross-sectionally, and the two intervals between the measurements were analyzed longitudinally. Setting. A random sample of 1500 individuals from an existing Dutch Internet panel resulted in a cohort of 735 individuals. Of the cohort, 648 (response rate 88%), 592 (response rate 81%), and 570 (response rate 78%) respondents completed questionnaires at the start of the present study (T1), 53 days after T1 (T2), and 106 days after T1 (T3), respectively. Subjects. Mean age was 37.5 years, 51% were women, and 57% ate less than the recommended intake of 250 g of fruit per day. Measures. Questionnaires included items measuring stage of change, factors favoring (pros) or working against (cons) behavior change, and self-efficacy. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess fruit intake. Results. Logistic regression analyses showed that pros, fruit intake, and self-efficacy predicted forward stage transition from precontemplation. Self-efficacy predicted forward stage transition from contemplation. Cons did not predict stage transitions. Results from longitudinal analyses were similar to cross-sectional results, except for self-efficacy: no differences between early stages in self-efficacy were found, whereas self-efficacy predicted these early stage transitions. Conclusions. Within the limitations posed by the sampling frame, results provided support for the Transtheoretical Model, although determinants might not always be stage specific.

The effect of TTM-based nutrition education on decisional balance, self-efficacy and processes of change for fat intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Maedeh Gordali ◽  
Marjan Bazhan ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine how transtheoretical model (TTM) constructions change through nutrition education for fat intake modification among overweight and obese women living in Shazand city, Iran.Design/methodology/approachA semi-experimental design with intervention and control groups (50 women in each group) was performed. TTM constructions for dietary fat intake were measured through a questionnaire in four phases: before the intervention, immediately, one month and six months after the intervention. Participants in two groups were classified into inactive and active subgroups, based on their determined stage of change. Then in the intervention group, each subgroup received a separate education program of five or eight sessions for the active and inactive subgroups, respectively.FindingsThe intervention resulted in significant progress in participants' stage of change compared to the control group (p = 0.002). Also, it resulted in an increase in the self-efficacy and decisional balance scores in both of the intervention subgroups, with these effects being more pronounced in the inactive subgroup, and these significant differences, compared to the control group, remained in the third and fourth phases. The intervention also positively impacted the behavioral processes, but this effect was not so long-lasting and decreased after six months.Originality/valueThe results indicated the intervention effectiveness and the necessity of planning educational interventions to change fat consumption behavior. This study provides further insight into effective and sustainable nutrition education strategies based on behavioral change stages rather than traditional approaches. These methods should be used to design group interventions to change individuals' health behavior in future works.

scholarly journals The Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Scale: Initial Evaluation in a National Sample of Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Wolf ◽  
Karen S. Mitchell ◽  
Naomi Sadeh ◽  
Christina Hein ◽  
Isaac Fuhrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Dissociative Subtype

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual includes a dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder, but no existing measures specifically assess it. This article describes the initial evaluation of a 15-item self-report measure of the subtype called the Dissociative Subtype of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (DSPS) in an online survey of 697 trauma-exposed military veterans representative of the U.S. veteran population. Exploratory factor analyses of the lifetime DSPS items supported the intended structure of the measure consisting of three factors reflecting derealization/depersonalization, loss of awareness, and psychogenic amnesia. Consistent with prior research, latent profile analyses assigned 8.3% of the sample to a highly dissociative class distinguished by pronounced symptoms of derealization and depersonalization. Overall, results provide initial psychometric support for the lifetime DSPS scales; additional research in clinical and community samples is needed to further validate the measure.

Exploring consumer boycott intelligence towards Israel-related companies in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanizah Hamzah ◽  
Hasrina Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intention To Participate

Purpose Drawing on the transtheoretical model (TTM) into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework, this study aims to understand the factors affecting the intention of Malaysian consumers to boycott products and services from companies perceived to be supporting or funding Israel and identify specific TPB variables that are important at each stage of change. Design/methodology/approach Data collected were based on an online survey among 177 respondents working in Malaysian conglomerates based in Kuala Lumpur. Findings The results show moderate intention to participate in the boycott among the respondents with attitude towards boycott, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control of boycott have significant relationship with intention to participate in the boycott towards Israel. The study also found significant linear increases of TPB constructs across the stages of change, which indicated significant influence of all TPB constructs at each stage of change. Originality/value Consumer boycott is not unheard of in Malaysia, but empirical research in the area is still lacking. As markets expand, the consumers also evolve to become more knowledgeable and ethical in their consumption, sometimes choosing to boycott to coerce the companies or brands to be environmentally, ethically and socially responsible. Findings from this study are expected to benefit NGOs or associations that intend to develop more effective campaigns to encourage consumers to use boycott to drive social or ethical causes.

Application of the Transtheoretical Model to Psychological Skills Training

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thad R. Leffingwell ◽  
Steven P. Rider ◽  
Jean M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Two Samples

In an effort to apply the transtheoretical model of change to the area of psychological skills training, questionnaires measuring stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy were developed and cross-validated on two samples of NCAA Division I intercollegiate student-athletes. The measures showed good internal reliability and construct validity and exhibited hypothesized functional relationships with each other. In addition, the stage of change measure predicted sport psychology consultations initialed by athletes during the year following questionnaire administration and may prove to be a useful tool in predicting subsequent initiation of individual sport psychology consultation. Several potentially useful lines of research are discussed and recommendations are made regarding the development of sport psychology interventions tailored according to athletes’ stage of change.

scholarly journals Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Stuttering Management Among Adolescents: Part I. Scale Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Zebrowski ◽  
Naomi H. Rodgers ◽  
Hope Gerlach ◽  
Andrea L. Paiva ◽  
Mark L. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Purpose This article is the first in a two-part series on the application of the Transtheoretical Model to stuttering management among adolescents. In this article, we describe the process of developing measures to assess stage of change (SOC) by defining behaviors of stuttering management, as well as the two primary cognitive constructs that underlie one's readiness to make behavioral change: decisional balance (DB) and situational self-efficacy (SSE). This work hinges on the ability to develop an operational definition of what it means to successfully manage or do something positive about one's stuttering. Method We used an iterative process to develop the three scales. Through qualitative analysis of key informant interview and focus group transcripts with 24 adolescents who stutter and 26 clinicians specializing in stuttering, we developed stuttering-specific SOC, DB, and SSE scales. The drafted scales were cognitively tested with nine adolescents who stutter. Results Thematic analysis yielded a three-part definition of successful stuttering management that formed the basis for the SOC scale: (a) learning and using strategies to modify speech or stuttering, (b) changing negative thoughts and attitudes regarding stuttering, and (c) talking without avoiding sounds, words, or situations. Results from this analysis support a broader view of successful stuttering management; that is, it is likely that doing so requires more than just behavior change, which has long been considered the main objective of stuttering treatment. Additional analyses yielded pros and cons of managing stuttering (62 items for the DB scale) and situations in which it is difficult to manage stuttering (39 items for the SSE scale). Conclusions Qualitative analyses provided a three-part definition of “stuttering management” and a comprehensive pool of items that would allow measurement of DB and SSE that underlie readiness to manage stuttering among adolescents. In the companion article in this two-part series, we describe the next step in scale development: exploratory scale validation of the drafted SOC, DB, and SSE scales.

An Examination of the Transtheoretical Model and Exercise Behavior in Older Adults

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Gorely ◽  
Sandy Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the structure of the transtheoretical model (TM) in exercise behavior change among adults age 50–65 years (n = 583). The purpose was to examine the relationship between stage of change and the constructs of processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. The results showed that 5 of the 10 processes of change, self-efficacy, and both pros and cons make significant and unique contributions to discrimination between the stages. Specifically, the use of the processes of change was shown to fluctuate across the stages, self-efficacy was shown to increase from precontemplation to maintenance, and the balance between pros and cons was shown to change from precontemplation to maintenance. The similarity of these results to previous literature suggests that the process of behavior change hypothesized within the TM holds across different age groups and cultures. Several implications for intervention design and suggestions for further research are discussed.

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