Can We Break From 30-Minute Group Sessions in Schools?

ABSTRACTSamples of speech suitable for sociolinguistic analysis may be sought in several ways. Interviews (either formal or informal), and tape-recorded group sessions, are the methods most used currently. In research on a specific variable, the historical present tense (HP), none of these methods proved neutral or adequate. Although the historical present tense is very widely used in conversational narratives, its occurrence within interviews is so infrequent as to be striking. An explanation was found in the way in which the interview has a specific known place as a speech event in the culture of those whose speech was being studied. The so-called spontaneous interview does not have such a place, and for that very reason is even less satisfactory a source of data. The notion of natural speech is taken as properly equivalent to that of appropriate speech; as not equivalent to unselfconscious speech; and as observable easily, and often best, by simple techniques of participation. (Sociolinguistic methodology; speech events, interviews, observation, natural speech; United States English).

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Increasing Medical Student Exposure to Pathology by Creating an Integrated Rotation During Surgery Clerkship

Academic Pathology ◽

10.1177/23742895211015344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 237428952110153

Author(s):

Madelyn Lew

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

Clinical Experiences ◽

Michigan Medical School ◽

Fast Pace ◽

Contact Hours ◽

Group Sessions ◽

Preclinical Curriculum ◽

The University

Following a nationwide trend, the University of Michigan Medical School has restructured its curriculum to facilitate integration of basic science curricula and early inclusion of clinical experiences, resulting in a truncation of a 19-month didactic-based preclinical curriculum to 13 months. Because preclinical didactic and lab sessions formed the bulk of pathology contact hours, the curriculum overhaul significantly reduced student exposure to pathologists. This reduction in exposure may decrease student understanding of how pathology integrates into the larger picture of healthcare delivery and could also decrease the pipeline of students interested in pursuing pathology as a career choice. To ameliorate these concerns, a mandatory 1-week rotation through the Pathology Department was integrated into the surgery clerkship. This brief report outlines the process of creating a new, unique pathology rotation for surgery clerkship students that includes observation in autopsy and surgical pathology sign-out, small group sessions focused on foundational concepts in microbiology, chemistry, and transfusion medicine, and access to online case-based modules. Available qualitative student feedback indicates that students appreciate how this rotation granted them a “behind the scenes” look at pathology but also noted that the fast pace of clinical sign-out sessions and length of small group sessions were suboptimal for student learning. This feedback and future survey data will serve as a platform on which curricular improvements can be made to enhance the learning environment for both learners and educators.

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Comparative Effects of Physical Exercise and Other Behavioral Interventions on Functional Status Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617721000485 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Anne L. Shandera-Ochsner ◽

Melanie J. Chandler ◽

Dona E. Locke ◽

Colleen T. Ball ◽

Julia E. Crook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Well Being ◽

Control Group ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Group Sessions

Abstract Objectives: Lifestyle modifications for those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may promote functional stability, lesson disease severity, and improve well-being outcomes such as quality of life. The current analysis of our larger comparative effectiveness study evaluated which specific combinations of lifestyle modifications offered as part of the Mayo Clinic Healthy Action to Benefit Independence in Thinking (HABIT) program contributed to the least functional decline in people with MCI (pwMCI) over 18 months. Methods: We undertook to compare evidence-based interventions with one another rather than to a no-treatment control group. The interventions were five behavioral treatments: computerized cognitive training (CCT), yoga, Memory Support System (MSS) training, peer support group (SG), and wellness education (WE), each delivered to both pwMCI and care partners, in a group-based program. To compare interventions, we randomly withheld one of the five HABIT® interventions in each of the group sessions. We conducted 24 group sessions with between 8 and 20 pwMCI–partner dyads in a session. Results: Withholding yoga led to the greatest declines in functional ability as measured by the Functional Activities Questionnaire and Clinical Dementia Rating. In addition, memory compensation (calendar) training and cognitive exercise appeared to have associations (moderate effect sizes) with better functional outcomes. Withholding SG or WE appeared to have little effect on functioning at 18 months. Conclusions: Overall, these results add to the growing literature that physical exercise can play a significant and lasting role in modifying outcomes in a host of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.

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NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.25.6.1091 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1091-1095

Keyword(s):

Organization Committee ◽

Group Sessions

Experience gathered from previous Congresses has demonstrated that a too abundant number of meetings renders impossible the full and interested participation of the Congressmen, therefore, the Organization Committee has thought it expedient to modify the traditional "modus faciendi," thus reducing to three the number of plenary sessions. These will take up three mornings with topics which are now being elaborated, and which in due time will be made public. During those mornings no other group sessions will be held.

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Working Group Sessions

PMLA ◽

10.1632/s0030812921000572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (4) ◽

pp. 497-497

Keyword(s):

Working Group ◽

Group Sessions

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