In this paper, we examine the microgrids and the long-term dynamic capacity expansion planning in their architecture. Many resources contribute towards the supply to microgrid such as energy, micro gas turbine, solar and wind storage system. Moreover the electric vehicle charging stations use these microgrids as a source of electricity. The electric vehicles that are used in charging stations are based on vehicle-to-grid wherein it is possible to regulate the charging rate and time and to transmit energy to the microgrid. Hence, these charging stations are found to be present in generating unit or flexible load. In the microgrid, the capacity expansion planning is initiated to expand the capacity of battery, wind turbine, solar and micro turbine energy storage system. We have elaborated a 6–year planning horizon, targeting a long term plan through capacity expansion. On the other hand, we have also conducted a short term plan simultaneously to improve the hourly operation of electric vehicle charging station, energy and micro turbine storage system. An expansion of about 200% on wind system is used such that expansion cost is about 53% and incorporation of further resources will increase it by 58% in terms of cost.
Expansion planning of electric vehicle charging stations considering the benefits of peak‐regulation frequency modulation
