scholarly journals Mechanized Placement of Drip Tape in Potato Comb

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Boris M. Kizyaev ◽  
Victor I. Balabanov ◽  
Natalia B. Martynova

Over the past two years, decrease in potato yield has been observed in the Moscow region. One of the main reasons is unfavorable weather conditions. To obtain a guaranteed yield, as well as to improve the quality of products, it is necessary to carry out reclamation works, including additional irrigation. Creation of the optimal water - air balance of the plant throughout the entire growing season will increase productivity, and improve the quality of agricultural products. Drip irrigation is the most economical method of irrigation, but its widespread use is hindered by the high proportion of manual labor when installing the drip tape. A mechanized method of laying the drip tape by placing the working equipment on the Grimme GF-75/4 comb former is offered. The existing methods for determining the irrigation rate do not consider the parameters of the humidification circuit, which leads to excessive irrigation and additional losses of irrigation water. The paper offers a method for determining the irrigation rate considering the shape of the humidification circuit and its geometric parameters.

Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.


2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
А.И. Беленков ◽  
В.Н. Мельников ◽  
А.А. Петрова ◽  
Т.И. Смирнова ◽  
М.Н. Павлов

В условиях двухлетнего полевого опыта на растениях льна-долгунца исследовано влияние внекорневой подкормки боросодежащими хелатными комплексонами на продуктивность и качество льнопродукции. Изучено действие борат-иминодисукцината (В-ИДЯК) и борат-этилендиаминдисукцината (В-ЭДДЯК) в сравнении с борной кислотой и борат-этилендиаминтетраацетатом (В-ЭДТУК). Исследования выполнили в 2019–2020 гг. в однофакторном полевом опыте. Установлено, что наиболее эффективное и экологически безопасное влияние оказывает внекорневая подкормка посевов льна-долгунца хелатным комплексом В-ЭДДЯК. При внекорневой подкормке часть препарата, попадая в почву, мобилизует также другие микроэлементы, тем самым оказывая стимулирующее действие на растения. Полученные результаты показали, что внекорневая подкормка боросодержащими соединениями существенно повлияла на накопление биомассы льна-долгунца. Выявлена положительная динамика влияния боросодержащих комплексов на прохождение фенологических фаз во второй половине вегетации. Внекорневая подкормка растений ускорила цветение льна, которое наступало раньше на 2–3 дня по сравнению с контролем. Применение подкормки хелатными боросодержащими комплексонами способствует росту урожайности растений, повышению качества продукции, в части улучшения физико-химических свойств льноволокна. Прибавка урожая к контролю составила: по льносоломе – 8,3–15,7% (3,2–6 ц/га), семенам – 38,4–56% (1,2–1,9 ц/га). Техническая длина соломы была выше у всех вариантов опыта на 8,5–10,4% по сравнению с контролем. При этом увеличивались: выход луба, прочность, пригодность и номер льносоломы. Увеличение содержания луба составило от 1,6 до 4,5%. Under the conditions of two-year field test, the effects of foliage application with boron-containing chelate complexones on the productivity and quality of flax products were investigated on long-stalked flax plants. The effect of borate-iminodisuccinate (B-IDSA) and borate-ethylene diamin-disuccinate (B-EDDSA) in comparison with boric acid and borate-ethylene diamintetraacetate (B-EDTAA) was studied. The researches were conducted in 2019–2020 in a single-factor field test. It has been found that the most effective and environmentally safe influence is exerted by foliage application of long-stalked flax sowings with the chelate complex B-EDDSA. In foliage application part of the preparation falling into the soil also mobilizes other trace elements, thereby exerting a stimulating effect on plants. The obtained results showed that foliage application with boron-containing compounds had a significant impact on the accumulation of long-stalked flax biomass. Positive dynamics of boron-containing complexes influence on phenological phases passage in the second half of growing season has been revealed. Foliage application of plants accelerated flax flowering, which occurred earlier by 2–3 days compared to control. The use of top-dressing with chelated boron-containing complexones contributes to the growth of plant yields, an increase in the quality of products, in terms of improving the physicochemical properties of flax fiber. The increase in the yield to control was: according to linen straw – 8.3–15.7% (3.2–6 c/ha), seeds – 38.4–56% (1.2–1.9 c/ha). The technical length of the straw was 8.5–10.4% higher in all experience variants compared to the control. At the same time the output of the bast, the strength, suitability and number of the linen straw have been increased. The increase in bast content ranged from 1.6 to 4.5%.


2021 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
T. E. Ivanova ◽  
E. V. Lekomtseva ◽  
T. N. Tutova ◽  
E. V. Sokolova ◽  
L. A. Nesmelova

Relevance. One of the most important elements of the technology of cultivation of strawberries for increasing productivity and improving the quality of berries is the use of fertilizers that can regulate the growth, development, yield and quality of products.Methods. During 2016-2018, the impact of pre-planting application of complex mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of strawberries in the Udmurt Republic was studied. The analysis of meteorological conditions during the growing season of the crop according to the research results is carried out.Results. The results of the use of complex fertilizers Azofoska, Perm-yagodnoye and Fusco-yagodnoye on garden strawberries when grown in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic are presented. It was found that the use of these fertilizers in comparison with the control (Azofoska) contributes to an increase in yield and has a positive effect on the quality of berries. The aftereffect of the studied fertilizers on the second and third year of fruiting of wild strawberries is noted. According to the results of research, the highest yield of berries of the garden strawberry was obtained in 2016 in the first year of fruiting when applying Chamfer-berry (1.33 kg/m2 ). The pre-planting application of the FaskoYagodnoye fertilizer provided a reliable increase in yield at all times of berry harvesting, and on average for three years by 0.13 kg/m2 with an NSR of 0.04 kg/m2 . The content of dry matter, water-soluble sugars and vitamin C in the berries corresponded to the characteristics of the Darenka variety and to a greater extent depended on the meteorological conditions of the growing season of strawberries.


2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Тимакова ◽  
В.А. Борисов ◽  
Н.А. Фильрозе ◽  
 О.Н. Успенская ◽  
Л.М. Соколова

Пищевая ценность свеклы столовой определяется высоким содержанием сахаров, своеобразным составом азотистых веществ. Эта культура – источник натурального красителя бетанина, который обладает антиканцерогенным, антибактериальным и противовирусным действием на организм человека. В статье представлены результаты изучения биохимических качеств корнеплодов свеклы столовой. Исследования проводились в период 2014–2019 годов на шести сортах свеклы столовой селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск». За стандарт взяты широко распространенные образцы отечественной и голландской селекции Бордо 237 (ВНИИССОК) и F1 Пабло (Bejo), районированные во всех регионах РФ. Полевые опыты выполнены по единой методике на базе ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО в Раменском районе Московской области. Почва опытного участка относится к типу аллювиальных луговых, среднесуглинистая, насыщенная, влагоемкая. Погодные условия наиболее благоприятно для роста и развития растений свеклы столовой складывались в периоды вегетации 2014–2017 годов. Особенность погодных условий 2018–2019 годов – неравномерное выпадение осадков, что повлияло на время прорастания семян. Дефицит влаги в период вегетации компенсировали поливами методом дождевания, поддерживая НВ на уровне 80–85%. Наибольшее количество сухого вещества накапливает сорт Русская односемянная – 18,4%, что соответствует уровню стандарта Бордо 237. Высокое содержание сахаров свойственно сорту Креолка – 10,7%, и превосходит стандарты на 1,8%. Образцы, восприимчивые к заболеваниям листовой розетки во время вегетации культуры – Эфиопка и F1  Пабло накапливают меньше пигмента бетанина. Биохимические качества корнеплодов сорта Креолка больше сопряжены с его генотипом. Накопление нитратов у образцов крайне подвержено условиям года. Более чем в десять раз изменяется содержание нитратов в зависимости от года у сортов Славянка, Русская односемянная, Креолка и Бордо 237. Выход товарной продукции после шести месяцев хранения по изучаемым образцам колебался от 49,1 до 91,4%. Отличную сохранность на уровне стандартов – свыше 85% показал сорт Русская односемянная. The nutritional value of table beets is determined by a high content of sugars, a peculiar composition of nitrogenous substances. This culture is a source of the natural dye betanin, which has anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial and antiviral effects on the human body. The article presents the results of a study of biochemical qualities of root crops of table beet. Research was conducted in the period 2014–2019 on 6 varieties of beet of table selection of the Poisk Agrо Holding. Widespread samples of domestic and Dutch breeding Bordo 237 (FSCVG) and Pablo F1 (Bejo), zoned in all regions of the Russian Federation, were taken as a standard. Field experiments were performed according to a single methodology on the basis of ARRIVG – branch of FSCVG. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the type of alluvial meadow, medium-loamy, saturated, moisture-intensive. Weather conditions were most favorable for the growth and development of table beet plants during the growing season of 2014–2017. A feature of the weather conditions of 2018-2019 was uneven precipitation, which affected the time of germination of seeds. The lack of moisture during the growing season was compensated by irrigation by sprinkling, maintaining the HB at the level of 80–85%. The largest amount of dry matter accumulates Russian single-seeded variety – 18.4%, which corresponds to the level of the standard Bordeaux 237. High sugar content is characteristic of the Creole variety – 10.7%, and exceeds the standards by 1.8%. Samples that are susceptible to diseases of the leaf rosette during the growing season of the culture-Ethiopian and F1Pablo accumulate less of the pigment betanin. The biochemical qualities of Creole root crops are more associated with its genotype. The accumulation of nitrates in samples is highly susceptible to the conditions of the year. The nitrate content varies more than 10 times depending on the year in the varieties Slavyanka, Russian single-seeded, Creole and Bordo 237. The output of marketable products after 6 months of storage in the studied samples ranged from 49.1 to 91.4%. Excellent preservation at the level of standards – over 85% showed the Russian single-seeded variety.


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
V.P. Derevyanskyi ◽  
O.S. Vlasyuk ◽  
D.V. Krutylo ◽  
T.M. Kovalevska ◽  
S.P. Nadkernychnyyi ◽  
...  

Influence of complex of factors (mineral fertilizers, treatment of seed and crops with microbiological preparations) on plants resistance to diseases and productivity of different soybean cultivars was studied. Compositions, which allow to improve plants growth and development, as well as decrease diseases prevalence and increase productivity and quality of products were selected. The models of soybean cultivars with microorganisms – Glуcine max–Bradyrhizobium japonicum were created.


Author(s):  
L. I. Petrova ◽  
Yu. I. Mitrofanov ◽  
N. K. Pervushina ◽  
V. N. Lapushkina

The article presents the results of studies in 2011-2019. to study the effect of various fertilizer norms, weather conditions on the yield and quality of potato products, soil water regime, photosynthetic activity, payment of 1 kg a.v. fertilizers with a crop increase in the conditions of the Tver region. The experiment is based on sod-podzolic light loamy drained soil with closed drainage. Potatoes were grown in 3 variants: without fertilizers, average norms and high norms. Weather conditions during the years of research (according to G.T. Selyaninov) are divided into groups: excessively humid, moist and arid. The moisture content of the arable layer of the soil under planting of potatoes, according to the gradations of these years, the average vegetation period was 73, 60, 39% of the lowest moisture capacity. A more favorable state of the water-air regime of the soil during the cultivation of potatoes according to the ridge technology during the growing season was formed in excessively wet years, in the wet years the plants experienced a lack of moisture in certain phases, especially during the period from tuberization  to ripening. In dry years, plants experienced a large lack of moisture throughout the growing season. On average, according to the experimental variants, a higher potato crop was formed in excessively wet years compared to wet years by 21%, and with dry ones by 68%. The use of fertilizers had a positive effect on the formation of potato crops and depended on weather conditions. A greater effect from the use of fertilizers was noted in excessively wet years, with average rates the yield increased by 32.2 t / ha, at high - by 41.5, in wet - by 10.3 and 14.9, respectively, in dry - by 11.0 and 16.8. The share of weather conditions in crop variability was 23%, fertilizers - 61%.


Author(s):  
А. L. Nikitin ◽  
М. А. Makarkina

Weather conditions affect both the resistance of apple fruits to physiological disorders during their storage, and the decrease in resilience to them. The damage of the fruits of susceptible apple cultivars by "scald" (browning of the skin) at the end of storage is influenced by weather conditions 30 days before harvesting them. In hot weather During the hot day and warm night, the fruits are more affected by "tan". Losses increase if the sum of the average daily temperatures >+10° C for the month before harvesting exceeds the threshold of 360-380°C. The analysis of the damage to the fruits by “scald "of susceptible new scab-immune columnar apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding – Vostorg, Poesia and Priokskoye at the end of their storage in various years (2014, 2016, 2018) showed a close dependence of this disorder on the conditions of humidification of the active growing season a month before harvest, expressed using the indicator of the conditional moisture balance, i.e. Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC). The damage to fruits by "sunburn" directly depends on the level of SHC. The dependence is approximated by the second-order parabola equation. The equations for calculating the quantitative losses of apple fruits from "scald" (at the end of storage) under hydrothermal conditions for a month before harvesting are obtained. The correlation relations between the empirically obtained and calculated data are from 0.99 to 1. The tops of the parabolas reflecting the maximum calculated damage of fruits by "scald" at the end of storage in relation to the coordinate axes have maximum peaks – from 11.17 (Priokskoye) to – 15.21-15.24% (for Vostorg and Poesia, respectively) with a SHC corresponding to dry conditions – 0.68; 0.69 and 0.70 (Priokskoye, Poesia and Vostorg, respectively). The higher the SHC, the lower the dependence curve and the damage to the fruits by "scald". The calculated data can be interpolated, and the SHC can be used as one of the predictor indicators that affect the quality of fruits during storage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Irina FROLOVA ◽  
Olga VORONKOVA ◽  
Dina ISLAMUTDINOVА ◽  
Olga GORDEYEVA ◽  
Inna FEDULOVA ◽  
...  

The increase in the production of agricultural products and food supplies in excess of regulatory needs and the provision of food safety in Russia led to the expansion of the export of agricultural products and the change in the course of the development of the agro-industrial complex from import substitution to export-oriented production. However, the entry to world food markets requires high quality of products from manufacturers and its certification in accordance with world standards. The article presents the organizational and economic transformations towards the greening of agro-industrial production, namely, the use of the resource potential, the involvement of Russian manufacturers in the production of environmentally friendly products and the development of organic agriculture; the mechanisms for solving the set problems are substantiated.


Author(s):  
S. A. Mishin ◽  
◽  
S. A. Vasiliev

As the population increases, urbanization will gradually reduce the area of cultivated land, and the pressure on the agricultural system will continue to increase. In traditional agriculture, there is a reliance on mechanical operations, with manual harvesting as the basis, resulting in high costs and low efficiency. Quality control of agricultural products helps to judge and determine the quality of products and promotes their commercialization. With the development of computer vision technologies, automatic sorting and quality control of agricultural products has been achieved, and computer vision systems have been widely used in various areas of agricultural and food production market segments, avoiding the high cost and low efficiency of traditional operations.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Faiz Musa ◽  
Mohd Reeza Yusof ◽  
Noor Sahidah Samsudin ◽  
Faridah Muhamad Halil

The construction industry should move from conventional construction method and adopt the industrialisation concept, to increase productivity and deliver quality construction end products. Industrialisation is the combination of a large market to divide into fractions the investment in strategies and innovation, in return, of simplifying the production and, therefore, reducing the costs. The introduction of Degree of Industrialisation by Roger-Bruno Richard is critical to the construction industry. The five degrees of industrialisation are prefabrication, mechanisation, automation, robotics and reproduction. Richard’s Degree of Industrialisation is in line with the Malaysian government’s vision to be a developed nation by 2020, to push forward the use of innovative technologies in most industries including the construction industry. The adoption of industrialisation and innovations in the Malaysian construction industry has the potential to solve the current problems in the construction industry. The problems are the inferior quality of products and processes, a poor site working conditions, low construction productivity, high construction cost, relying on foreign workers and lack of skill labours. The adoption of industrialisation and innovations promote sustainability in the construction environment. The objectives of the study are to investigate whether the adoption of industrialisation in the construction environment promotes sustainability and to identify the current level of industrialisation of the Malaysian construction industry. The methodologies of the study are semi-structure interview and observation. The Malaysian construction industry is ready to embrace industrialisation in construction environment in limited areas and industrialisation promotes sustainability in the construction environment.


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