scholarly journals Optimization of plastic foam composition for insulation systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 02017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Pilipenko ◽  
Ekaterina Bobrova ◽  
Alexey Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Extruded Polystyrene Foam

Construction insulation systems should provide solutions to the problems of creation of suitable conditions of load-bearing construction elements and whole construction, reduction of heat loss through thermal insulation layer, and creation of living comfort in buildings. The article presents the results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to optimize the composition of extruded polystyrene foam, the formation of methods for selecting its composition and the development of systems for the use of products based on extruded polystyrene foam. Main provisions of the method of analytical optimization, which allows significantly reducing the material and time costs for processing the experimental results, are also provided. Aspects of the implementation of building systems using extruded polystyrene foam both from the point of view of minimizing heat loss through contact areas and the degree of influence of vapor permeability of building structures on the temperature and humidity conditions of premises are studied. Mandatory criteria for construction with the use of building systems are safety conditions, including both structural safety (including maintenance-free cycle) and fire safety.

scholarly journals Insulating sheath system and energy efficiency of buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 02019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Bobrova ◽  
Anton Pilipenko ◽  
Alexey Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Insulation Systems

The article discusses the results of thermal imaging monitoring of building structures with and without insulation. Research and thermal and physical calculations showed that heat loss from the premises is determined by two groups of factors: surface loss depending on thermal conductivity, as well as vapor and air permeability of enclosing elements and heat loss at all types of joints, fasteners, etc. Thermal insulation with plate materials significantly reduces heat losses, but at the same time, heat flows through the joints between the heat-insulating plates and in the areas of their contact with other structures, necessitating the use of steam and waterproof windproof roll materials. The usage of elastic and thermoplastic materials in the insulation circuit allows minimizing heat loss at the joints between the heat-insulating elements and along the smooth surface of the wall due to the low air and vapor permeability of the material. In the systems of frame cottages, when used as a thermal insulation of rolled foam-polyethylene, it becomes possible to form a seamless insulating shell of a building. This is made possible by connecting individual sheets of polyethylene foam into a lock, followed by hot air welding. Seamless insulation systems are used both in the construction of cottages and in the construction of frame and frameless logistic facilities and housing and communal services.

scholarly journals Optimization of foamed plastic technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
Sergey Kozlov ◽  
Boris Efimov ◽  
Ekaterina Bobrova ◽  
Ekaterina Zinovieva ◽  
Ekaterina Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Plastic Technology

Insulation systems of building structures involve the solution of the following group of tasks: creation of favorable conditions for the work of structural elements and construction as a whole; optimization of heat losses through the insulation shell; creation of comfortable conditions in the room. Such a system would function normally if effective thermal insulation, including polyethylene, were used. The price of polyethylene foam can be reduced without prejudice to the properties in the case of the use of secondary polyethylene foam. The article presents the results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to optimize the composition of polyethylene foam with the addition of secondary polyethylene, the formation of methods of selection of its composition and the development of systems for the application of products based on polyethylene foam. The article presents the main provisions of the method of analytical optimization, which allows to significantly reducing the material and time costs of processing the results of the experiment. The article deals with aspects of the implementation of construction systems using products based on polyethylene foam in terms of minimizing heat loss through the contact areas. Mandatory criteria for the construction and implementation of insulation systems are safety conditions, including both structural safety (including maintenance-free cycle) and fire safety.

scholarly journals Usage of thermal isolation systems for low-rise buildings as a component of information models

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
Pavel Gudkov ◽  
Pavel Kagan ◽  
Anton Pilipenko ◽  
E Yu Zhukova ◽  
E A Zinovieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Isolation Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heat Shielding ◽  
Object Of Study

The article discusses the possibility of using the criteria of energy saving, cost and comfort as an estimate criterion in the analysis of information modeling technologies for low-rise buildings at the stages of design, implementation and operation. The insulation systems of low-rise buildings, including frame type, are considered as an object of study. Different types of insulation systems of frame buildings are considered and, as a result, the expediency of using rolled polyethylene foam as an insulating material is established. Its use allows to form a seamless insulating sheath with minimization of heat transfer bridges, as well as to eliminate the use of additional wind-proof and vapor-insulating membranes. The regularities of the influence of operating factors on the thermal resistance of the insulating shell are established. The data obtained as a result of the implementation of experimental studies allow us to state that low water absorption and low vapor permeability of the insulating layer exclude the possibility of its wetting and degradation of heat-shielding parameters. The stability of the properties of the insulation sheath and the construction of the walls as a whole is ensured during the entire period of operation.

scholarly journals Arctic Climate Insulation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 00012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Umnyakova ◽  
Igor Bessonov ◽  
Alex Zhukov ◽  
Ekaterina Zinoveva
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Foamed Plastics

The article describes the features of the implementation of insulation systems in extreme climatic conditions, including in conditions of significant negative and alternating temperatures, high wind speeds and more. It is noted that the adaptation of building systems to similar operating conditions places special demands on heat-insulating materials, as well as resistance to mechanical and climatic influences, vapor permeability, and stability of properties for the entire period of operation. Taking into account the temperature regime of the polar territories, it becomes necessary to develop special solutions for the creation of insulating shells that have high heat engineering uniformity and durability, as well as those that are resistant to very negative and alternating temperatures. Also important is the heat, moisture, and vapor barrier properties of these systems. Taking into account the operational features of the polar territories, three main groups of objects requiring complex isolation and protection can be distinguished: residential buildings, roads on permafrost, modular buildings and residential capsules of mobile equipment. The article considers the feasibility of implementing such heat-efficient systems using foamed plastics, namely products based on extruded polystyrene foam and foamed polyethylene. Solutions are proposed for the implementation of overlaps over ventilated cellars, insulation of walls, roads and mobile structures.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of ultrasonic radiation on varnished and compounded impregnating compositions with an innovative method of dismantling electric motor windings

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-363
Author(s):  
A. E. Nemirovsky ◽  
A. I. Kashin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Stator Windings ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Scientific Results

For the purposes of energy efficiency, ecology and less time for the cycle of repairing electric motors in the part of the excavation of the stator winding, an innovative method for dismantling ultrasound-based windings has been investigated. From a technical point of view the method has shown to be more optimal in comparison with existing methods of removing the winding. The paper is a continuation of fundamental research on the development of an innovative method of repairing electric motors. It is in this article that the main emphasis is placed on the material from which the insulation of windings is made. Lacquer and compound insulations have been considered being the main types of insulation of industrial electric motors in our country. The analysis of impregnating electrical insulation compositions of motor stator windings has been carried out; the ultrasound effect during the dismantling of motor windings at different levels of influencing factors has been studied, namely duration and power of ultrasonic action, concentration and temperature of the working solution. The validity of the scientific results obtained in the work is confirmed by the correctness of the applied mathematical apparatus and the methods of mathematical modeling, the convergence of the results of numerical modeling and full-scale experiments. A system of equations has been simulated and models of the effect of useful factors relative to each other have been built, the results obtained have been optimized during the experiment and the optimal parameters of both lacquer and compound insulation systems have been identified. The optimal parameters of the types of insulation under study have shown encouraging results on many important points compared to the existing ones: duration, energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. The validity of the conclusions regarding the adequacy of the mathematical models used has been confirmed by the results of experimental studies conducted in the framework of this work of the process of depolymerization of the electric motors' stator windings.

Building Systems Based on Foamed Modified Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Igor V. Bessonov ◽  
L.K. Bogomolova ◽  
Alexey D. Zhukov ◽  
E.A. Zinoveva
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optimal Consumption ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Modified Polymers ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Crystalline Water ◽  
Extruded Polystyrene Foam

Systems of floor insulation on the ground, isolation of roads and shallow foundations suggest the use of heat-insulating products resistant to moisture, the minerals contained in it, having low heat conductivity and water absorption and relatively high strength for compressive loads.The aim of the research was to study the possibility of using mineral substances containing crystalline water as a dispersed component. Firstly, such compounds as a reinforcing component increase the strength characteristics of products. Secondly, being flame retardants, they contribute to increasing the fire safety of materials and building systems in which these materials are used. To achieve this goal, two particular tasks were set: determination of the optimal consumption of mineral modifying additives; assessment of exploitative stability of the received products. It was found that the introduction of a mineral modifying additive can significantly increase the compressive strength by 10% deformation of samples from extruded polystyrene foam. The exploitative stability of products with a mineral additive varies slightly and depends on its consumption and uniform distribution in the product matrix. The effect of additive consumption on the change in the thermal conductivity of products has not been established. A nomogram has been built which allows one to evaluate the properties of products and determine the optimal consumption of a modifying additive.Systems of using products from modified extruded polystyrene foam in monolithic foundations with insulation for buildings erected on problem soils are considered.

Masonry: the brittle or plastic material?

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Creep Deformations ◽  
Structural Point

The results of experimental studies of masonry on the action of dynamic and static (short-term and long-term) loads are presented. The possibility of plastic deformations in the masonry is analyzed for different types of force effects. The falsity of the proposed approach to the estimation of the coefficient of plasticity of masonry, taking into account the ratio of elastic and total deformations of the masonry is noted. The study of the works of Soviet scientists revealed that the masonry under the action of seismic loads refers to brittle materials in the complete absence of plastic properties in it in the process of instantaneous application of forces. For the cases of uniaxial and plane stress states of the masonry, data on the coefficient of plasticity obtained from the experiment are presented. On the basis of experimental studies the influence of the strength of the so-called base materials (brick, mortar) on the bearing capacity of the masonry, regardless of the nature of the application of forces and the type of its stress state, is noted. The analysis of works of prof. S. V. Polyakov makes it possible to draw a conclusion that at the long application of the load, characteristic for the masonry are not plastic deformations, but creep deformations. It is shown that the proposals of some authors on the need to reduce the level of adhesion of the mortar to the brick for the masonry erected in earthquake-prone regions in order to improve its plastic properties are erroneous both from the structural point of view and from the point of view of ensuring the seismic resistance of structures. It is noted that the proposal to assess the plasticity of the masonry of ceramic brick walls and large-format ceramic stone with a voidness of more than 20% is incorrect, and does not meet the work of the masonry of hollow material. On the basis of the analysis of a large number of research works it is concluded about the fragile work of masonry.

Assessment of the volume activity of α-radioactive wastes on surface and specific contamination by portable γ-spectrometry method

2020 ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
I. P. Korenkov ◽  
A. I. Ermakov ◽  
A. B. Mayzik ◽  
T. N. Laschenova ◽  
V. N. Klochkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Germanium Detectors ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
Γ Spectrometry

The aim of the study is to evaluate the volume activity of radioactive waste (RW) by surface and specific alpha contamination using portable gamma-spectrometry.Materials and methods. Methods of rapid assessment of the content of α-emitting radionuclides in solid waste of various morphologies using gamma-spectrometers based on germanium detectors are considered. Computational methods for determining the effectiveness of radionuclide registration are presented.Results. The possibility of using portable gamma-ray spectrometry to assess the surface and specific activity of various materials contaminated with α-emitters (232Th, 235U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu, 240Pu and 241Am) is shown. The calculated values of the registration efficiency of low-energy gamma-emitters obtained by modeling the spatial-energy parameters of the detector are given.To simplify the solution of this problem, the calculation program used 20 standard templates of various geometries (rectangular, cylindrical, conical, spherical, etc.). The main sources of error in the survey of contaminated surfaces, largesized equipment and building structures were investigated.Conclusions. The possibilities of portable γ-spectrometry for estimating the volume of RW based on the surface density of contamination of materials with radionuclides of uranium and transuranic elements are investigated. When using γ-spectrometer with a high-purity germanium detector with a range of γ-quanta extended in the low-energy region, radionuclides such as 232Th, 235U,238U, 237Np, 241Am were determined by their own radiation or by the radiation of their daughter products.The “problem” element is plutonium, for rapid evaluation of which it is proposed, in accordance with the radionuclide vector methodology, to use 241Am, which accumulates during the β-decay of 241Pu.According to calculations, the most likely value of the activity ratio 239Pu/241Am for the object where the work was performed (scaling factor) varies in the range from 5.0 to 9.0.Based on the results of calculations and experimental studies, the parameters of the efficiency of registration of various α-emitting radionuclides by portable γ-spectrometers. It has been found that for germanium detectors with an absolute efficiency of registering a point source of 7÷15%, it is n×10–5÷n×10–4%.

scholarly journals Most Frequent Problems of Building Structures of Urban Apartment Buildings from 2nd Half of 19th Century and the Start of 20th Century

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Klara Kroftova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Horizontal Load ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

An urban residential building from the second half of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, the so-called tenement house, is a significant representative of the architecture of the developing urban fabric in Central Europe. The vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of these houses currently tend to show characteristic, repeated defects and failures. Their knowledge may, in many cases, facilitate and speed up the design of the historic building’s restoration without compromising its heritage value in this process. The article presents the summary of the most frequently occurring defects and failures of these buildings. The summary, however, is not an absolute one, and, in the case of major damage to the building, it still applies that, first of all, a detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of defects and failures must be made as a basic prerequisite for the reliability and long-term durability of the building’s restoration and rehabilitation. An integral part of the rehabilitation of buildings must be the elimination of the causes of the appearance of their failures and remediation of all defects impairing their structural safety, health safety and energy efficiency.

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