scholarly journals Assessment of psychological and speech development in early childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00092
Author(s):  
L.A. Yastrebova ◽  
V.I. Lahmotkina ◽  
I.A. Maslova

The article discusses and describes in detail topical problems of psychological and speech development of young children. The relevance of this issue is associated with an increase in the number of children with problems in the development of speech already in the first years of life. A brief overview of studies on the formation of functional systems and higher cortical functions in ontogenesis, as well as applied aspects of assessing the psychological and speech development of young children is presented. The authors of the article conducted an experimental study, the results of which showed a visible lag behind the age normative indicators of psychomotor and speech development in children of the test group. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained data showed that the pathogenetic basis of the existing disorders was delayed maturation of brain structures and functions against the background of chronic maternal diseases, unfavorable course of pregnancy, general somatic weakening and neurological status.

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXVII (77) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
CELINA HELIASZ-NOWOSIELSKA

W artykule zostały przedstawione wybrane wyniki części pilotażowej badania eksperymentalnego nad relacjonowaniem multimodalnych działań komunikacyjnych przez dorosłych użytkowników języka polskiego. Punktem wyjścia w przeprowadzonym eksperymencie były teoretyczne i empiryczne studia nad zaangażowaniem w działania komunikacyjne różnych modalności, tj. oprócz słów, także intonacji, prozodii, mimiki, gestów, ruchów całego ciała i poszczególnych jego członków, por. Austin (1962), Kendon (1994, 2000, 2004), Poggi (2007), Hellbernd i Sammler (2016). W ramach badania 101 osobom różniącym się wiekiem, płcią i wykształceniem zaprezentowano 23 fragmenty filmów dokumentalnych, pochodzących ze zbiorów Archiwum Szkoły Filmowej w Łodzi. Zadaniem uczestników badania było zrelacjonowanie, co robią bohaterowie filmów. W rezultacie powstał korpus, w którym do poszczególnych działań komunikacyjnych zarejestrowanych na filmach przypisano wypowiedzi uczestników badania. Na potrzeby pilotażu została przeprowadzona analiza jakościowa i ilościowa wypowiedzi dotyczących 10 fragmentów. Analizie tej zostało poddane znaczenie i odniesienie słów, którym uczestnicy badania posługiwali się w celu zrelacjonowania multimodalnych działań komunikacyjnych, zaobserwowanych na zaprezentowanych im filmach, a także frekwencja używanych w relacjach wyrażeń oraz rozbieżności między poszczególnymi relacjami. Analiza wykazała, że jeśli daną kolejkę tworzą kompozycje lub sekwencje działań o różnej modalności, to sprawozdawcy zdają sprawę albo z każdego z tych działań osobno, albo używają pojedynczego kwalifikatora na określenie całej grupy działań. Takim kwalifikatorem mogą być zarówno nazwy aktów performatywnych, jak i nazwy działań o dowolnej, określonej modalności. Jeśli rozmowa przebiega w sposób zmienny pod względem modalności, to przez poszczególnych obserwatorów może być postrzegana przez pryzmat różnych epizodów, które się na nią składają. Pewne działania bywają przy tym częściej niż inne uwzględniane lub pomijane w relacjach, co świadczy o różnicach wagi, jaką sprawozdawcy przywiązują do działań różnych rodzajów. Multimodality in reports on communication activities Summary: The article presents selected results of the pilot part of an experimental study on reporting multimodal communication activities by adult speakers of Polish. The starting point of the experiment was theoretical and empirical research on the involvement of various modalities in communication activities, in addition to words, intonation, prosody, facial expressions, gestures, movements of the whole body and its parts (Austin 1962; Kendon 1994, 2000, 2004; Poggi 2007; Hellbernd & Sammler 2016). In order to obtain data for the analysis, 23 fragments of documentary films from the collection of the Archives of the Film School in Łódź were presented to 101 adults, who differed in terms of age, sex and education. The participants of the experiment were asked to report on what the characters were doing. The result of the study was a database that included recordings of both the communication activities and the reports on them. The pilot part of the study covered the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 10 fragments of films. We analysed the meaning and reference of the vocabulary used by the participants to report on the multimodal communication activities observed in the films, the frequency of expressions used in the reports, as well as the discrepancies in the reports. The analysis showed that if a given turn was a composition or a sequence of activities of different modalities, the speaker could report on each of these activities separately or use a single qualifier to describe a whole group of activities. Such qualifiers can be both the names of performative acts and the names of actions of any specific modality. If the conversation changes in terms of modality, then it can be perceived by individual observers through the lens of the various episodes that make up the conversation. Certain actions are sometimes more often taken into account or omitted, which shows differences in the level of importance that speakers attach to different types of activities.


Author(s):  
Elena A. Sorokoumova ◽  
Natalia Yu. Molostova ◽  
Natalia Yu. Shuvaeva

The article considers the results of an experimental study of the formation of civil identity in children of senior preschool age in the conditions of pre-school education. The research analyzes scientific approaches to understanding the problem of civil identity formation in modern research, determines the significance of civil identity formation for the full development of preschool children’s personality, describes the features and assesses the possibilities of its formation in the process of project activities of children in the preschool education system. The authors have shown the possibility of realization of cultural-historical and system-activity approaches in organization of educational activity on the formation of civil identity of preschoolers. The obtained data was subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis.


Author(s):  
Paolo FESTA ◽  
Tommaso CORA ◽  
Lucilla FAZIO

Is it possible to transform stone into a technological and innovative device? The meeting with one of the main stone transformers in Europe produced the intention of a disruptive operation that could affect the strategy of the whole company. A contagious singularity. By intertwining LEAN methodologies and the human-centric approach of design thinking, we mapped the value creation in the company activating a dialogue with the workers and the management, listening to people, asking for ambitions, discovering problems and the potential of production. This qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted with a multidisciplinary approach by designers, architects and marketing strategists allowed us to define a new method. We used it to design a platform that could let all the players express their potential to the maximum. This is how the group's research laboratory was born, with the aim of promoting the relationship between humans and stone through product innovation. With this goal, we coordinated the new team, developing technologies that would allow creating a more direct relationship between man and surface, making the stone reactive. The result was the first responsive kitchen ever.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document