Hypernatremic Dehydration Risk Factors in Newborns: Prospective Case-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 (04) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Kiymet Celik ◽  
Aylin Ozbek ◽  
Ozgur Olukman ◽  
Figen Isleten ◽  
Sebnem Calkavur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Hypernatremic Dehydration

Abstract Background The prevalence of hypernatremic dehydration (HND) has increased in recent years most likely due to insufficient intake of breast milk as the most important factor. This study aimed to investigate risk factors of HND. Methods In this study, 47 neonates whom were diagnosed to have HND were included in the study group and 96 healty neonates whom were included in the control group. While demographic data of the patients were recorded, mothers were asked to fill out the sociodemographic/ psychosocial data form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS) and STAI I and II State and Trait Anxiety Scale. Breast milk sodium concentrations were studied from mothers of all infants. The relationship between the development of neonatal HND and risk factors affecting this condition were evaluated. Results Being the first-born baby of the family was found to be a significant risk factor for HND. Breast milk sodium concentration was 25.8±7.9 mmol/L in the HND group which was significantly higher than the control group. Median depression score was similar in both groups and there was no statistical difference in terms of groups. The anxiety score was higher in the control group compared to the study group. There was no difference in terms of other sociodemographic / psychosocial data of mothers. Conclusion Primiparity or insufficient breastfeeding may result in elevated breast milk sodium levels and related neonatal HND. Breastfeeding support should principally target primiparous women to improve breastfeeding outcomes like as especially HND.

scholarly journals Outcome of anal symptoms and anorectal function following two obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS)—a nested case-controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2405-2410
Author(s):  
Nicola Adanna Okeahialam ◽  
Ranee Thakar ◽  
Madhu Naidu ◽  
Abdul H. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Squeeze Pressure ◽  
Sphincter Function ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is a significant risk factor for developing anal incontinence. It can therefore be hypothesised that recurrent OASI in a subsequent delivery may predispose women to further anal sphincter dysfunction. Methods A nested case-controlled study based on data collected prospectively between 2006 and 2019. Women matched for age and ethnicity, with a history of one OASI and no sphincter damage in a subsequent delivery (control) were compared to women sustaining a second OASI. Assessment was carried out using the St Mark’s score (SMIS), anorectal manometry and endoanal ultrasound scan (findings quantified using the modified Starck score). Results Eighty-four women were included and equally distributed between the two groups, who were followed up 12 weeks postnatally. No difference in SMIS scores was found. Maximum resting pressure (MRP, mmHg) and maximum squeeze pressure (MSP, mmHg) were significantly reduced in the study group. Median (IQR) MRP in the study group was 40.0 (31.3–54.0) versus 46.0 (39.3–61.5) in the control group (p = 0.030). Median (IQR) MSP was 73.0 (58.3–93.5) in the study group versus 92.5 (70.5–110.8) (p = 0.006) in the control group. A significant difference (p = 0.002) was found in the modified Starck score between the study group (median 0.0 [IQR 0.0–6.0]) and control group (median 0.0 [IQR 0.0–0.0]). Conclusions We have demonstrated that women with recurrent OASI do not have significant anorectal symptoms compared to those with one OASI 12 weeks after delivery, but worse anal sphincter function and integrity. Therefore, on long-term follow-up, symptoms may possibly develop. This information will be useful when counselling women in a subsequent pregnancy.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS PECULIARITIES IN MEN UNDER 60 YEARS OLD WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Tupitsyn V.V. ◽  
Bataev Kh.M. ◽  
Men’shikova A.N. ◽  
Godina Z.N.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
History Of

Relevance. Information about the cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CVD RF) for in men with chronic lung inflam-matory pathology (CLID) is contradictory and requires clarification. Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID in myocardial infarction (MI) to improve prevention. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with CLID - 142 patients; II - control, without it - 424 patients. A comparative analysis of the frequency of observation of the main and additional cardiovascular risk fac-tors in groups was performed. Results. In patients of the study group, more often than in the control group we observed: hereditary burden of is-chemic heart disease (40.8 and 31.6%, respectively; p = 0.0461) and arterial hypertension (54.2 and 44.6%; p = 0.0461), frequent colds (24.6 and 12.0%; p = 0.0003), a history of extrasystoles (19.7 and 12.7%; p = 0.04); chronic foci of infections of internal organs (75.4 and 29.5%; p˂0.0001), non-ulcer lesions of the digestive system (26.1 and 14.6%; p = 0.007), smoking (95.1 and 66.3%; p˂0.0001), MI in winter (40.8 and 25.9%; p = 0.006). Less commonly were observed: oral cavity infections (9.2 and 23.6%; p˂0.0001); hypodynamia (74.5 and 82.5%; p = 0.0358), over-weight (44.4 and 55.2%; p = 0.0136), a subjective relationship between the worsening of the course of coronary heart disease and the season of the year (43.7 and 55.2%; p = 0.0173) and MI - in the autumn (14.1 and 21.9%; p = 0.006) period. Conclusions. The structure of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID with MI is characterized by the pre-dominance of smoking, non-ulcer pathology of the digestive system, frequent pro-student diseases, meteorological dependence, a history of cardiac arrhythmias and foci of internal organ infections. It is advisable to use the listed factors when planning preventive measures in such patients.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding rates in a neonatal intensive care unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Okbay Gunes ◽  
Emre Dincer ◽  
Nilgun Karadag ◽  
Sevilay Topcuoglu ◽  
Guner Karatekin
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Objectives To find out if the expressed breast milk delivery rate to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for babies who were hospitalized for any reason other than COVID-19, and exclusive breastfeeding (EB) rates between discharge date and 30th day of life of those babies were affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Babies who were hospitalized before the date first coronavirus case was detected in our country were included as control group (CG). The study group was divided into two groups; study group 1 (SG1): the mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the period when mother were asked not to bring breast milk to NICU, study group 2 (SG2): the mothers whose babies were hospitalized after the date we started to use the informed consent form for feeding options. The breast milk delivery rates to NICU during hospitalization and EB rates between discharge and 30th day of life were compared between groups. Results Among 154 mother-baby dyads (CG, n=50; SG1, n=46; SG2, n=58), the percentage of breast milk delivery to NICU was 100%, 79% for CG, SG2, respectively (p<0.001). The EB rate between discharge and 30th day of life did not change between groups (CG:90%, SG1:89%, SG2:75.9; p=0.075). Conclusions If the mothers are informed about the importance of breast milk, the EB rates are not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in short term, even if the mothers are obligatorily separated from their babies. The breast milk intake rate of the babies was lowest while our NICU protocol was uncertain, and after we prepared a protocol this rate increased.

scholarly journals Risk factors for the failure to achieve normal albumin serum levels after albumin transfusion in neonates

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Nadya Arafuri ◽  
Pudjo Hagung Widjajanto ◽  
Ekawaty L. Haksari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Normal Albumin ◽  
Neonatal Ward

Background Albumin transfusion for the treatment of neonatal hypoalbuminemia may reduce morbidity. In conditions with disrupted endothelial integrity (e.g., sepsis and critical illness), the administered albumin may leak into the interstitial space, hence, serum albumin levels may fall below expected levels after transfusion. To date, few studies have been done to evaluate the risk factors for failure to achieve normal neonatal albumin levels after transfusion.Objectives To determine the risk factors for failure to achieve normal neonatal albumin levels after transfusion.Methods We performed a case-control study in the Neonatal Ward of Dr. Sardjito Hospital from 2007 to 2012. Normal albumin level was defined as above 3 g/dL. The case group included neonates with post-transfusion albumin levels <3 g/dL and the control group included those with post-transfusion albumin ≥3 g/dL. Subjects received intravenous transfusions of 25% or 20% albumin according to the clinical standard of the Neonatal Ward of Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Neonates with very low birth weight, severe birth trauma, burn injuries, severe bleeding, or incomplete medical records were excluded. The data were analyzed with logistic regression test.Results From January 2007 to December 2012, 124 neonates were enrolled in the study. Multivariate analysis showed that low albumin levels before transfusion (OR 12.27; 95%CI 2.17 to 69.30), presence of critical illness (OR 4.01; 95%CI 1.49 to 10.79), diagnosis of sepsis (OR 3.56; 95%CI 1.36 to 9.32), and the >24-hour interval between albumin examination and transfusion (OR 0.06; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.37) were significant risk factors affecting the failure to achieve normal albumin levels.Conclusions Failure to achieve normal albumin levels after transfusion in neonates was significantly associated with low albumin level prior to transfusion, critical illness, sepsis, and >24-hour interval between transfusion and post-transfusion albumin examination.[Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:129-33.].

Effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing at old age home

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Raj ◽  
Subramaniam Santhi ◽  
G. J. Sara Sapharina
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interventional Group ◽  
Old Age Homes

AbstractObjectivesThis study finds out the effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.MethodsThe non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Wechsler's memory scale (WMS-IV) and Geriatric depression scale (GDS) were the instruments used to assess the memory and depression among elderly during the pretest and posttest, respectively and the researcher had developed data sheet to collect information about the background variables using interview technique.ResultsThe neurobic exercise program was found to be effective in reducing depression among elderly residing in old age homes. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the level of depression had been found during the pretest and posttest in the interventional group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) found between the study group and in the control group. There was significant correlation (r=0.417, p<0.05) found between the memory and depression during the pretest in the study group among the elderly. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) found in the mean scores of depression and marital status of the elderly during the pretest in the study group and there was a significant association (p<0.01) found in the mean scores of depression and the gender of the elderly during the pretest and posttest in the non interventional group were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that neurobic exercise program is an effective intervention in improving memory and reducing depression.

Effect of breast milk oral care in infants who underwent surgical correction of ventricular septal defect

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Xian-Rong Yu ◽  
Yu-Qing Lei ◽  
Jian-Feng Liu ◽  
Zeng-Chun Wang ◽  
Hua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Objective: This study explored the clinical effect of employing breast milk oral care for infants who underwent surgical correction of ventricular septal defect. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted in a provincial hospital between January, 2020 and July, 2020 in China. Patients were randomly divided into an intervention group (breast milk oral care, n = 28) and a control group (physiological saline oral care, n = 28). The intervention group was given oral nursing using breast milk for infants in the early post-operative period, and the control group was given oral nursing using physiological saline. Related clinical data were recorded and analysed. Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender, weight, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, or aortic cross-clamping time between the two groups. Compared with the physiological saline oral care group, the mechanical ventilation duration, the length of ICU stay in the breast milk oral care group were significantly shorter. The time of start feeding and total enteral nutrition were significantly earlier in the intervention group than those in the control group. The incidence of post-operative pneumonia in the breast milk oral care group was 3.6%, which was significantly lower than that of the physiological saline oral care group. Conclusion: The use of breast milk for oral care in infants who underwent surgical correction of VSD can reduce the incidence of post-operative pneumonia and promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function.

scholarly journals Risk factors for third- and fourth-degree perineal tears during vaginal delivery

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Leonard Juul ◽  
Gerhard B. Theron
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Shoulder Dystocia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Perineal Tears ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Hiv Negative

<strong>Objective</strong>. To identify risk factors for thirdand fourth-degree perineal tears, so as to anticipate and intervene in order to prevent this complication that can severely affect a woman’s quality of life. The study design was a retrospective case control study. <strong>Method</strong>. Ninety-three cases of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears were identified from the birth register of a tertiary referral hospital (Tygerberg Hospital). One hundred and nine patients with normal vaginal deliveries in the same time period were used as control group. <strong>Results</strong>. An analysis of the results revealed that there were no significant differences between cases and controls with regards to age, body mass index (BMI), gestation at delivery, duration of second stage, episiotomy and birth weight. However, there were significantly more primigravidas, assisted deliveries (forceps and vacuum), occipitoposterior positions, HIV negative patients and shoulder dystocia in the study group. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. Antenatal risk factors for thirdand fourth-degree tears are difficult to identify. However, intrapartum occipitoposterior and assisted deliveries, especially in the primigravid patient, should warn the obstetrician/ midwife about the risk of a severe tear. A restrictive episiotomy policy should be practiced. Shoulder dystocia was invariably associated with third- and fourth-degree tears in this study. The higher incidence of HIV negative patients in the study group requires further research.

Acupuncture for Low Back Pain in Pregnancy – a Prospective, Quasi- Randomised, Controlled Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Bosco Guerreiro da Silva ◽  
Mary Uchiyama Nakamura ◽  
José Antonio Cordeiro ◽  
Luiz Kulay
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Average Pain

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acupuncture in low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy under real life conditions, as compared with patients undergoing conventional treatment alone. A total of 61 conventionally treated pregnant women were allocated randomly into two groups to be treated or not by acupuncture. Twenty-seven patients formed the study group and 34 the control group. They reported the severity of pain using a Numerical Rating Scale from 0 to 10, and their capacity to perform general activities, to work, and to walk. We also assessed the use of analgesic drugs. Women were followed up for eight weeks and interviewed five times, at two-week intervals. All women completed the study. In the study group the average pain during the study period showed a larger reduction (4.8 points) than the control group (−0.3 points) (P<0.0001). Average pain scores decreased by at least 50% over time in 21 (78%) patients in the acupuncture group and in five (15%) patients in the control group (P<0.0001). Maximum pain and pain at the moment of interview were also less in the acupuncture group compared with the control group. The capacity to perform general activities, to work and to walk was improved significantly more in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). The use of paracetamol was lower in the acupuncture group (P<0.01). These results indicate that acupuncture seems to alleviate low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy, as well as to increase the capacity for some physical activities and to diminish the need for drugs, which is a great advantage during this period.

scholarly journals Association of Hypertriglycerideamia with Ischaemic Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Biplob Kumar Das ◽  
Kanak Jyoti Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Serum Triglyceride Level ◽  
Analysis Model

Stroke is one of the foremost causes of morbidity, mortality and is a socioeconomic challenge. This is particularly true for developing countries like Bangladesh, where health support system including the rehabilitation system is not within the reach of common people. Hypertriglycerademia has an effective influence in the pathogenesis of Ischaemic Stroke (IS). So, the focus of this study was to evaluate and assess the association of serum triglyceride level in patients of IS. This case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka from July 2011 to June 2013. In this study, 60 diagnosed cases of ischaemic stroke patients and 60 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. Risk factors of Ischemic Stroke (IS) patients were assessed ( adjusted Odds Ratio) in comparison with healthy adults. In this study, being married [OR. 1.95, 95% CI (0.40-9.42), p=0.409] , smoker [OR.1.65, 95% CI (0.57 - 4.82),p= 0.357], DM [OR. 1.48, 95% CI (0.36-6.06), p=0.582 ], IHD [OR. 1.51, 95% CI (0.29 – 7.89), p=0.624] , HTN [OR. 3.66, 95% CI (1.11–12.12), p=0.033] , overweight [OR.2.31, 95% CI (0.77 – 6.91), 0.135] and obesity [OR. 16.19, 95% CI (1.31–200.6), p=0.030] , increased level of serum TC [OR.8.24, 95% CI (2.07 – 32.83), p=0.003], TG [OR. 9.40, 95% CI (1.17 -75.86), p=0.035], LDL [OR. 0.45, 95% CI (0.10–2.05), p=0.308],and decreased level of HDL [OR. 3.37, 95% CI (1.03 - 12.25), p=0.045] were found as risk factors in developing IS. Independent t-test was done to find out the statistically significant differences of continuous variables like serum lipid profile between case and control group. The mean (SD) value of TG which is focus of this study, was found 237.67 (61.74) in case group, and 169.97 (26.95) in control group which was highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001). All of the significant variables were entered into stepwise logistic regression analysis model. From the logistic regression model, it can be finally concluded that hypertension, obesity, increased level of TC, increased level of TG and decreased level of HDL were statistically significant risk factors for development of IS. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 34-38

scholarly journals Effect of Acute Increases in Intraocular Pressure on Corneal Pachymetry in Rabbit Eyes Treated with Timolol Maleate

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
Cristina Sánchez-Barahona ◽  
Gema Bolívar ◽  
Dimitrios G. Mikropoulos ◽  
Anastasios G. Konstas ◽  
Miguel A. Teus
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Timolol Maleate

Objective: To evaluate in an in vivo rabbit model, the effect of topical timolol maleate therapy on the central corneal thickness response to acute intraocular pressure increases. Method: In this prospective and interventional controlled study, the central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were measured in vivo in 12 rabbit eyes treated with topical timolol maleate for 1 month and in 12 controls at baseline, and after the intraocular pressure (measured by direct cannulation of the anterior chamber) was increased to 15 and 30 mmHg using a forced saline infusion into the anterior chamber. Results: There were no significant differences in the basal central corneal thickness values (control group, 373.2±12.9 µm; study group, 377.5±19.2 µm, p=0.5) or the central corneal thickness values when the intraocular pressure was increased to 15 mmHg (control group, 335.2±14.3 µm; study group, 330.0±32.1 µm, p=0.6) and to 30 mmHg (study group, 318.8±25.3 µm; control group, 329.8±21.0 µm, p=0.3). Conclusion: Rabbit corneas treated with topical timolol maleate for 1 month did not show a strain response to acute intraocular pressure increases that differed from control eyes. This is in contrast to a previous finding in which rabbit eyes treated with prostaglandin analogues had a greater decrease in central corneal thickness in response to a sudden intraocular pressure increase compared with untreated corneas.

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