scholarly journals Sonography in Childhood and Adolescence for General Radiologists – More Possibilities Than Expected...

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Cornelius Schaal ◽  
Jörg Detlev Moritz ◽  
Hans-Joachim Mentzel ◽  
Meinrad Beer
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Spectrum Of Patients

Sonography is the most common imaging modality in childhood and adolescence. The rapid availability, absence of X-rays, bedside applicability, e. g., in intensive care units, the lack of need for sedation, and last but not least the very good ultrasound conditions in the vast majority of cases are the main advantages of sonography. Due to the spectrum of patients, from premature infants to adolescents, a great variety of questions arise for the examiner. This requires knowledge of the various disease patterns in the different age groups. Proper handling of the young patients as well as their parents is essential in order to make the examination conditions as optimal as possible. Due to the smaller body size compared to adults, sonographic examinations of the abdomen and thorax in children and adolescents are usually possible with very good image quality. In the majority of cases, a definitive diagnosis is made by sonography without additional cross-sectional imaging, which is more common in adults. Due to the acoustic windows provided by the still open fontanelles, excellent image quality of the central nervous system is usually possible in the first year of life. In most cases, complex MRI examinations are not necessary. Due to the partly still missing ossification of the bony structures, further acoustic windows are available, which allow an examination of, e. g., the spinal canal. Ultrasound also plays a major role in the examination of soft tissues and the musculoskeletal system in childhood and adolescence, not only in hip ultrasound. The aim of this article is to show this very broad spectrum for colleagues working predominantly in adult radiology, to highlight some representative examples and to present the respective clinical features in childhood and adolescence. Key Points:  Citation Format

State-of-the-art aortic imaging: Part II - applications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rengier ◽  
Philipp Geisbüsch ◽  
Paul Schoenhagen ◽  
Matthias Müller-Eschner ◽  
Rolf Vosshenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR and EVAR) rely on accurate pre- and postprocedural imaging. This review article discusses the application of imaging, including preprocedural assessment and measurements as well as postprocedural imaging of complications. Furthermore, the exciting perspective of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on cross-sectional imaging is presented. TAVR is a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of aortic valve stenosis in patients with high age and multiple comorbidities who cannot undergo traditional open surgical repair. Given the lack of direct visualization during the procedure, pre- and peri-procedural imaging forms an essential part of the intervention. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the imaging modality of choice for preprocedural planning. Routine postprocedural follow-up is performed by echocardiography to confirm treatment success and detect complications. EVAR and TEVAR are minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical repair of aortic pathologies. CTA constitutes the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up including detection of endoleaks. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent alternative to CT for postoperative follow-up, and is especially beneficial for younger patients given the lack of radiation. Ultrasound is applied in screening and postoperative follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms, but cross-sectional imaging is required once abnormalities are detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be as sensitive as CTA in detecting endoleaks.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
EJAZ HUSSAIN SIDDIQUI ◽  
SAAD SIDDIQUI ◽  
NOREEN SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Hepatobiliary Diseases

Objectives: To assess common presenting features and the role of Ultrasound in evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases in ourpopulation. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Khyber X rays, Khyber Medical Centre, Peshawar. Period: August 2010 to December2010. Material and Methods: Data from patients presenting for evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases was analyzed for presenting complaintsand ultrasound findings according to objectives of the study. Results: In total 197 cases were included in the study. The age wise categorizationincluded pediatric population (6.1%) adult population (87.3%) and geriatric population (6.6%). Upper abdominal pain was the most commonpresenting feature in all age groups as well as in both genders. Cholelithiasis with or without cholecystitis was the most common ultrasoundfinding in all age groups. No statistically significant difference was found between presenting features or ultrasound findings in different agegroups as well as across gender. Conclusions: Hepatobiliary diseases are among major illnesses in our region. Ultrasound is a sensitive anduseful tool for screening and evaluation of Hepatobiliary disorders.

Imaging of Pediatric Chronic Neck Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
Santhosh Gaddikeri ◽  
Murali Nagarajan ◽  
Surjith Vattoth ◽  
Ahmed El Beltagi
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Primary Modality

AbstractChronic neck infections in the pediatric population can have an indolent presentation that can mimic more serious conditions including neoplasia. Ultrasound remains a reliable primary modality for imaging of sialadenitis and infected congenital cystic neck lesions in children, whereas cross sectional imaging is needed if intervention is contemplated, to better evaluate multispatial involvement, lymph nodal morphology and distribution, and as the primary imaging modality to study more complex anatomy in case of ear infections.

Radiographic imaging

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Rowbotham ◽  
Andrew J. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Radiographic Imaging ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorders ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Neuropathic Arthropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plain Film Radiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging

Plain film radiography is often the first imaging modality employed in the assessment of patients with a rheumatological condition. More recently this has been superseded by cross-sectional imaging, in particular ultrasound and MRI, which have improved sensitivity in detection of early disease when compared with plain film imaging. However, there remains a role for conventional radiography in both the initial diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. A standard approach to assessing radiographs in the context of arthropathy is usually employed by radiologists; by following this structured review a diagnosis or narrow differential may be reached on plain film imaging alone. Plain film radiograph findings of the most common rheumatological disorders are covered in detail in this chapter including osteoarthritis, the inflammatory arthritides, and crystal arthropathy. Findings in the connective tissue disorders are then covered, followed by less commonly encountered conditions such as SAPHO, neuropathic arthropathy, and haemochromotosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Childhood Hyperthyroidism in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2980-2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Simon ◽  
Annabel Rigou ◽  
Joëlle Le Moal ◽  
Abdelkrim Zeghnoun ◽  
Alain Le Tertre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Hyperthyroidism affects all age groups, but epidemiological data for children are scarce. Objective To perform a nationwide epidemiological survey of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting Identification of entries corresponding to reimbursements for antithyroid drugs in the French national insurance database. Participants All cases of childhood hyperthyroidism (6 months to 17 years of age) in 2015. Main Outcome Measures National incidence rate estimated with a nonlinear Poisson model and spatial distribution of cases. Results A total of 670 cases of childhood hyperthyroidism were identified. Twenty patients (3%) had associated autoimmune or genetic disease, with type 1 diabetes and Down syndrome the most frequent. The annual incidence for 2015 was 4.58/100,000 person-years (95% CI 3.00 to 6.99/100,000). Incidence increased with age, in both sexes. This increase accelerated after the age of 8 in girls and 10 in boys and was stronger in girls. About 10% of patients were affected before the age of 5 years (sex ratio 1.43). There was an interaction between age and sex, the effect of being female increasing with age: girls were 3.2 times more likely to be affected than boys in the 10 to 14 years age group and 5.7 times more likely to be affected in the 15 to 17 years age group. No conclusions about spatial pattern emerged. Conclusion These findings shed light on the incidence of hyperthyroidism and the impact of sex on this incidence during childhood and adolescence. The observed incidence was higher than expected from the results published for earlier studies in Northern European countries.

scholarly journals The effect of religiosity during childhood and adolescence on drug consumption patterns in adults addicted to crack cocaine

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Rezende-Pinto ◽  
Alexander Moreira-Almeida ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira ◽  
Homero Vallada
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundAlthough many studies suggest that religiosity is a protective factor against drug use, there is little information on its effect on drug consumption patterns of those who do use drugs.AimsWe aimed to examine if there is any relationship between religiosity during childhood and adolescence, and drug consumption in adult crack users.MethodWe performed a cross-sectional study of adults addicted to crack cocaine. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for the association between religious history in the age groups 8–11, 12–14 and 15–17 years and outcome variables.ResultsFrom a total of 531 respondents, religious involvement during childhood and adolescence was correlated to less frequent onset of drug consumption before 18 years (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.98) and less craving (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99), mainly between the ages of 15 and 17 years.ConclusionsReligiosity provides some protection against drug consumption patterns in crack cocaine addicts.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Simple vs ugly adnexal lesions: is ultrasonography alone good enough?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3020
Author(s):  
Rahul Dev Chauhan ◽  
Yashvir Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Ovarian Masses

Background: Ultrasound (USG) is easily available and effective imaging modality for adnexal lesions. A simple looking lesion on ultrasound is usually benign and an ugly looking adnexal lesion is either benign or malignant. This study aims to evaluate the varied appearance of simple and ugly benign adnexal lesions on USG and to find out any additional role of colour Doppler in such suspected benign lesions. The confirmation of diagnosis was done either by follow up appearance of lesions on USG or by histopathological evaluation.Methods: A total of 55 consecutive female patients with age between 18 to 50 years were enrolled in this prospective cross sectional study. USG and colour Doppler for all the lesions were done. The patients found to have malignant lesions on histopathological examination, were later excluded from the analysis. Follow up USG was done for all the cases. Those cases wherein there was no resolution of lesions even after 08 weeks, were given an option to undergo laparoscopy as next management step.Results: Out of 50 benign adnexal masses, 88% masses were ovarian in origin and 12% were tubal masses. Ovarian masses included hemorrhagic cysts, endometriosis, simple cysts, serous cystadenomas and ovarian dermoid. All extra-ovarian masses were hydrosalpinx. Colour Doppler did not add any additional finding. Some of the patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy followed by excision of masses in majority of them.Conclusions: Benign adnexal lesions can have varied appearance ranging from simple to ugly on USG. Ultrasonographic features of benign lesions on USG can be appreciated very well even without further use of colour Doppler or cross sectional imaging. Follow up USG remains key modality for benign adnexal masses in absence of MRI.

Scintigraphic evaluation of cheek teeth in clinically sound horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (15) ◽  
pp. 481-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szulakowski ◽  
Mahmoud Mageed ◽  
Tim Steinberg ◽  
Karsten Winter ◽  
Kerstin Gerlach
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Reference Region ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Radioisotope Uptake

Dental disorders are one of the top-ranking clinical domains in equine practice. Scintigraphy has emerged as a useful diagnostic imaging modality for equine dental diseases. There is a paucity of the normal scintigraphic uptake and its correlation with age. This prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and pilot-designed study aimed to describe the radioisotope uptake (RU) patterns of the reserved crown and periodontal bone of the maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth (CT) in clinically sound horses and to evaluate the age effect on RU. For this purpose, 60 horses that underwent a bone scintigraphy for reason unrelated to head were included and divided equally into four age groups. Regions of interests (ROIs) were positioned around alveolar and periodontal bone of each maxillary and mandibular CT including their reserve crown, and a reference ROI positioned at the mandibular ramus. The count per pixel of each ROI was measured using a dedicated software and the RU ratio relative to the reference region was calculated. The results showed that the maxillary and mandibular CT had a standard RU pattern, where it increased from rostral to caudal, and peaked in the middle of dental arcades and decreased slightly towards the last CT. The maxillary CT had a higher RU compared with the mandibular CT, and there was no significant difference in the maxillary and mandibular CT uptake between age groups. This information may aid veterinarians evaluating potentially abnormal dental scintigraphy.

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