Towards Systematization

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Reichertz

Data processing has become an important tool in theoretical and clinical medicine. The main categories of applications are : information analysis, (bio)signal processing and the field of information logistics (information systems).The problems encountered lie in the discrepancy of the basic methods of a formal approach to an empirical science, the complexity of the target system and the system ecology, i.e. the involvement of the user and the system environment during system construction and utilization.Possible solutions to these problems are the application of system techniques, inductive planning, development of medical methodology, development of methods and techniques for user involvement and assessment of motivation and education and educational planning.The necessary general strategy in the development in medical informatics is seen in the continuing systematization of the theoretical and practical approach. It is estimated that this will eventually contribute to the systematization of medical science and practice.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
P. L. Reichertz

Data processing has become an important tool in theoretical and clinical medicine. The main categories of applications are: information analysis, (bio)signal processing and the field of information logistics (information systems).The problems encountered lie in the discrepancy of the basic methods of a formal approach to an empirical science, the complexity of the target system and the system ecology, i.e. the involvement of the user and the system environment during system construction and utilization.Possible solutions to these problems are the application of system techniques, inductive planning, development of medical methodology, development of methods and techniques for user involvement and assessment of motivation and education and educational planning.The necessary general strategy in the development in medical informatics is seen in the continuing systematization of the theoretical and practical approach. It is estimated that this will eventually contribute to the systematization of medical science and practice.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Vasily A. Gordienko ◽  
Evgenii V. Zinoviev ◽  
Denis V. Kostyakov ◽  
Marat S. Asadulaev ◽  
Anton S. Shabunin ◽  
...  

Background. The treatment of victims with wound defects is an urgent problem of clinical medicine that doctors of various specialties, mainly surgeons and traumatologists, must face. Regardless of the etiology of the traumatic agent, the wound process is always subjected to fundamental pathophysiological processes. Despite the advances made by medical science in the local treatment of wounds (cell technology, modern wound coverings, and others), surgical procedures remain the main methods, and the search for new techniques to optimize reparative regeneration continues. This ongoing search indicates the absence of a universal algorithm for treating such defects. This lack of a universal treatment algorithm is of particular importance for assisting victims with extensive defects, which often leads to a shortage of donor resources. Aim. The aim of this study was to increase the efficiency of microautodermoplasty due to the use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide. Materials and methods. This paper presents the results of an experimental study involving 50 rats. All animals were divided into groups considering the choice of the method of the local treatment. The experimental wound was modeled according to its original technique. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the analyzed methods was performed using planimetric and histological research methods, and by calculating the healing index. Results. The most effective methods for treating experimental wounds using microautodermoplasty (MADP) are wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide (CoPA) and adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC). By 28 days of treatment after performing MADP + CoPA wound dressings + AMSC, it was possible to reduce the defect area by 16 times compared with the control, and the healing index was the maximum value among all methods 12.5 units. The high regenerative potential was also confirmed by the results of the histological examination. The worst results were found in the MADP group with AMSK that did not cover the wounds with skin or wound dressing. Conclusion. The introduction of the analyzed methods into clinical practice will improve the results of treatment of patients with wound defects of various etiologies.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Robert A. Good ◽  
Robert L. Vernier ◽  
Richard T. Smith

THE INTRODUCTION of cortisone and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) into clinical medicine by Hench et al. has profoundly influenced both medical practice and medical science. Voluminous literature which has collected during the 5 years since their introduction establishes securely the effectiveness of these hormonal agents in diseases previously refractory to medical management. In the laboratory these drugs have also opened whole fields to investigation with a new experimental approach. Data already available suggest that ultimate discovery of the basis of the action of cortisone and ACTH will carry broad inmplications concerning physiologic function and mechanisms of disease. A natural consequence of the introduction of such potent and versatile weapons into clinical medicine is that they should be widely used. In almost every human disease, ranging from the common cold to disseminated malignancy, the steroid hormones and ACTH have been tried. For example, it can be factually stated that few truly ill patients reach the diagnostic medical center without having had at least small amounts of cortisone or ACTH, and it is the extremely unusual patient who reaches the necropsy table without the "benefit" of ACTH, cortisone or one of its analogues. As these drugs have been studied, it has become ever more apparent that they are extraordinarily potent pharmacologic agents which effect or control mammalian physiology in multitudinous areas, perhaps in several different ways. More gradually it has been realized that their effects are not all beneficial. Because of enthusiasm engendered by the availability of potent new pharmacologic agents, reporting from most clinics to date has emphasized the dramatic beneficial effects and tended to minimize the untoward side effects, toxic reactions and potential hazards of hormone therapy. It is the purpose of this report to review some of the hazards of treatment with cortisone and ACTH in pediatric practice.


PRILOZI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Borislav Karanfilski

Abstract Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer was born a hundred years ago on December 24, 1916 in Sofia. He completed the primary and secondary education at the German College in Sofia. In 1935 he began his studies at the Medical Faculty in Vienna, which he had to stop because of the annexation of Austria to Germany in 1938. He returned to Bulgaria where he continued his studies and graduated from the Medical Faculty in Sofia in 1941. During the War, 1941-1944, he was forcedly mobilized and he worked as a doctor in several villages. He was twice interned in camps in Bulgaria. In 1944 he joined the National Liberation Army and the Partisan Groups of Yugoslavia. After the liberation in 1945 he started specialization in internal medicine at the famous clinic of Prof. Chilov in Sofia. In 1946 he applied to the call by the Yugoslav government to the doctors in Bulgaria to come in aid of temporary work in our country. On the advice of the current Federal Minister of Public Health Dr. Dimitar Nestorov, Dr. Tadzer came to Skopje and was assigned to work in the Country hospital. He started specialization in internal medicine at the famous professor Ignjatovski, he established a family and decided to stay in Skopje. In 1949 Prof. Tadzer ended his specialization and he was elected an Assistant at the Department of Internal Medicine. In 1951 he left the Internal Clinic and he was elected an Assistant, and in 1952 he was elected a Docent in the subject of Pathological Physiology. In 1959 he was elected, and in 1964 he was re-elected as an Associate Professor, and in 1967 he was elected a Professor of pathophysiology at the Medical Faculty in Skopje. In the period from 1952 to 1978 he was Head of the Department and Director of the Institute of Pathophysiology. He was elected a Corresponding Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1969, and a Full Member in 1974. In the period from 1984 to 1988 he was a Secretary of the Department of Medicine and Biology of the Academy. Prof. Tadzer has published over 300 scientific papers in the field of clinical medicine and pathological physiology, of which about 200 in journals in English, French, German and Serbo-Croatian, as well as 15 books, which include him among the most prolific pathophysiologists on the territory of former Yugoslavia and beyond. In the period from 1950 to 1966 several times he was on a vocational training in similar institutions and centers in Europe, and in 1972 he was on a study stay at many nuclear and medical laboratories in the USA. In addition to his great research activities his contribution as a teacher was of substantial influence and importance to the faculty. He was one of the greatest lectures at the Medical Faculty, the Faculty of Stomatology and the Pharmaceutical Faculty. Prof. Tadzer co-authored in most of the textbooks on pathophysiology for students of medicine, stomatology and pharmacy. He was an extraordinary physician, one of the pillars of the Macedonian medicine, he possessed universal, encyclopedic knowledge and is one of the most renowned medical workers in the second half of the 20th century in Macedonia. In addition to the scientific, medical and educational work Prof. Tadzer has especially rich social activity. He was President of the Faculty Council in 1975-76, he was Vice Dean of the Medical Faculty in 1958-60, Dean of the Faculty from 1963 to 1965, Dean of the Pharmaceutical Faculty and Vice Rector of the University from 1965 to 1967. Especially it should be noted his long-lasting activity at the Macedonian Medical Association of more than 50 years. Also, significant is his creative work within the Editorial board of the journal “Macedonian Medical Review”, where for more than 15 years he was Editor in Chief or member of the Editorial board. For his complete activity Prof. Tadzer has won numerous diplomas, plaques and awards, and among them the following are emphasized: National Award of October 11, Order of Labor of Second Degree, the Award of the City of Skopje – November 13, the Charter of Dr. Trifun Panovski and the Certificate of Acknowledgement awarded by the Macedonian Medical Association for the outstanding results in advancing the medical science, practice and development of the health care and the long-term contribution and promotion of the MMA.


2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Gross

An examination of a random sample of four medical journals— The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, The Journal of the American Medical Association, and The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine—reveals that one-fifth of the space of articles in medical science is devoted to an average of three tables and three flow charts, graphs, or photographs. Given these figures, the absence of discussion of visuals in the literature on medical communication may seem puzzling. But the puzzle is easily solved: our basic education gives us a coherent vocabulary for talking about prose, but no coherent vocabulary for talking about tables and visuals. Once we have this vocabulary in hand, we make another step in the direction of an explanation of the nature of communication in the medical sciences. We may note that understanding the meaning of a medical article is not just a consequence of understanding its texts; it is a consequence of understanding all its meaningful components working together—verbal, tabular, visual.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Mahmood

Medical ethics has a very long history and it investigates ethical issues arising in medicine and health care provision by applying the principles of moral philosophy. The ancient ethical codes were often expressed in the form of oaths. The best known medical oath in the western tradition is the Oath of Hippocrates and often regarded as the very foundation of Western medical ethics. The Hippocratic School produced a large body of writings on medicine, science and ethics. In the ensuing centuries the principles of Christian humanism dominated the practice of medicine. Towards the end of 18th century the role of physicians in dealing with disease in individuals as well as population groups led to the drafting codes of professional conduct. Changing attitudes of society and the major advances in medical science at the beginning of the 20th centuries led to recognition of the need for modification of the Hippocratic Oath. This need was met by the Declaration of Geneva, formulated by the World Medical Association in 1947, supplemented by Declaration on particular aspects of medical ethics. Now, the advanced medical technologies or revolutionary developments in the biomedical sciences as well as in clinical medicine and its communication to the public has led to a growing need for the medical professional to be fully aware of society`s views on various developments. This, no doubt, enables ethical guidelines to reflect and safeguard the interests and wellbeing of patients.


2019 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Nataliia Misnyk

The article is devoted to the specificity of the derivation in the field of medical terminology. Among the traditional methods of term formation, morphological (in particular its variants – affixation and composition of words and bases) is the most active. In terminological derivation in the field of clinical medicine, several trends have been identified, the main of which are: the formation of its own terminological fund of word-formation means, the close interaction of national and international components, the high degree of regularity in the formal-linguistic design, which is explained by the international nature of formants and their regular communication with a certain word-making way. Recently, more and more attention is paid to its own word-building resources. It is possible to predict that modern terminology in the field of clinical medicine will deepen this tendency by involving international elements in the creation of terms and using already used for the expansion of the terminological fund of medical science. It is important to study derivation in terms of structural standardization of terms. An analysis of word-formation meanings and their means of expression make it possible, in our opinion, to streamline and generalize the types of relationships that we observe in the terminology field “clinical terminology”. The study of the affixation of a fund of medical-clinical terminology has given grounds for arguing that suffixal and prefixal morphemes largely determine the specifics of clinical terminology, which enable a clear description of certain medical concepts, phenomena, and activity in the creation of new terms. This method provides the possibility of using the same type of word formation, which contributes to the structural systematization of the terminology system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
Naseeb Muhammad Irshadullah

‘The art of medicine’ is a commonly discussed topic in clinical medicine. It is that aspect of medical practice which makes the physicians more humane over medical scientists. Though frequently reminded by the teachers in academic environment, in a developing country like Bangladesh, the art of medicine is barely practised at any level of care. An effort is made in this article to depict the practice of medicine in developing countries mostly devoid of art, the reasons behind, and some suggestions. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.778-779


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Shi ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xiu yun Su ◽  
Xi yu Cai

Abstract BackgroundTranslational medicine(TM)is a bridge between basic science and clinical medicine. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature with respect to fracture mapping(FM) in orthopedics, to clarify what insights and challenges facing FM. MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Digital Library, Web of Science database and references of relevant studies, from the establishment of the database through December 2020, for any and all data regarding the application of FM in orthopedics. ResultsA total of 2777 articles were retrieved, and 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. The application of fracture FM in orthopaedics was as follows: upper limbs (n=10, 35.71%), lower limbs (n=17, 60.71%), thoracolumbar spine (n=1, 3.58%). FM guided preoperative planning (n = 12, 42.86%), and conduce to identify the specific patterns of fractures (n=9, 32.14%), and illustrated the fracture morphology and guided clinical treatment (n=7, 25.00%). ConclusionFM represents a promising technique for describing the morphology of fracture. Moreover, potential promotion classification, preoperative planning, development of fixation concepts, and analysis of internal structure, but its clinical application is still limited. Thus, much further research is needed to determine the potential advantages of this new technique. If possible, guidelines are needed to facilitate the development of FM with regard to the required for developing this technic.


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