scholarly journals CT Enterography Using Four Different Endoluminal Contrast Agents: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Singla ◽  
Shruti Chandak ◽  
Ankur Malhotra ◽  
Arjit Agarwal ◽  
Tanu Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Patient Feedback ◽  
Computed Tomography Enterography ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Objectives To determine the most preferable endoluminal contrast agent among mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), iohexol, and water by comparing various qualitative (distension, fold visibility, and homogeneity) and quantitative parameters (distension) along with artifacts and patient feedback for computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods This was a prospective study including 120 patients of age more than or equal to 18 years who were randomized equally into four groups. Group 1 was given 1500 mL of 3% mannitol solution, group 2 was given 1500 mL of PEG, group 3 was given 20 mL of iohexol dissolved in 1500 mL of water, and group 4 was given 1500 mL of plain water. CTE was done and images were evaluated in axial and coronal planes. Various quantitative and qualitative parameters were taken at the level of second part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ileocecal junction (ICJ). Artifacts and patient feedback were also taken into consideration. Results The quantitative distension and grading, qualitative distension, fold visibility, and homogeneity of the second part of duodenum, jejunum at the level of superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery and renal artery on both sides of abdomen, ileum at the level of aortic bifurcation, common iliac bifurcation, and deep pelvis on both sides of abdomen and ICJ were significantly more in PEG group as compared with mannitol group, followed by iohexol and water group. The results were calculated by ANOVA test using p-value. In terms of patient feedback and artifacts, water was the best agent. Conclusions PEG is the most suitable contrast agent to carry out CTE. Distension, fold visibility, and homogeneity are the essential features for a better diagnostic outcome of CTE, which was better with PEG.

scholarly journals Hepato curative effects of Silymarin and Cymbopogoncitratus stem infusion: RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966-1969
Author(s):  
Sidra Mumal ◽  
Abdul Azeem ◽  
Talal Zafar ◽  
Hina Aslam ◽  
Tasneem Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sinusoidal Dilatation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

People all around the world suffer from liver diseases, which is a serious health problem. Purpose: To observe the synergistic effects of Silymarin and Cymbopogoncitratus stem infusion on liver in acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Study Design: Laboratory-Based Randomized Control Trial. Methodology: Total forty adult rats were divided into four groups (10 each). Group 1 was taken as control group. After initial sampling at day 0, Acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) was injected to 30 rats via intra-peritoneal route. At day 8, rats were further divided into three groups. Group 2 was a disease control group. Group 3 was given Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and group 4 was treated with Silymarin (100 mg/kg) plus Cymbopogoncitratus stem infusion (130 mg/kg) through gavage method for fourteen days. At day 21, rats were sacrificed for histological examination after terminal sampling. Statistical Analysis: Mean± SEM was calculated and analyzed through SPSS 20. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Rats from group 2 showed marked elevation (p<0.05) in serum markers. There was marked sinusoidal dilatation and necrosis present in group 2 rats.Silymarinin group 3 and Silymarin plus Cymbopogoncitratus stem infusion in group 4 significantly lowered the biochemical enzymes as well as considerably reversed the histological changes in comparison to group 2 rats. Conclusion: We concluded in present study that synergism was observed in group 4 rats. There was more reversal of hepatic injury in group 4 rats. Key words: Cymbopogoncitratus, Silymarin and Synergism.

Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid 25(OH)Vitamin D3 Levels in HIV-1 and Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Center in North India

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Sinha ◽  
Kartik Gupta ◽  
Dibyakanti Mandal ◽  
B.K. Das ◽  
R.M. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Vitamin D is an immunomodulator, and its deficiency is associated with Tuberculosis (TB) infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is a rich milieu of macrophages that form the first line of defense against invading TB bacilli. As there is an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in TB and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) subjects, we intend exploring the possibility of a localized deficiency of vitamin D metabolites in BALF of these patients. Objective: The primary objective was to assess the level of 25D3 in serum and BALF of subjects and look for a significant difference among patients and controls. The secondary objective was to find a correlation between serum and BALF 25D3 levels. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with subjects divided into four groups: Controls (group 1), HIV positive without active TB (group 2), active TB without HIV (group 3), and HIV-TB coinfection (group 4). BALF and serum 25D3 levels were compared between the groups. Results: Among the 149 (an immunomodulator) successive subjects enrolled, there were 40 subjects in group 1 (HIV-TB-), 48 in group 2 (HIV+TB-), 37 in group 3 (HIV-TB+), and 24 in group 4 (HIV+TB+). Females constituted 31.6% of the study subjects. In groups 3 and 4, there were significantly lower serum 25D3 levels compared to group 1 (p-value group 3: 0.002; group 4: 0.012). In groups 2, 3, and 4, there were significantly lower BALF 25D3 levels compared to group 1 (p-value group 2: 0.000; group 3: 0.000; group 4: 0.001). There was a significant correlation between serum and BALF 25D3 levels (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient 0.318, p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: Lower levels of serum and BALF 25D3 were observed in HIV, TB, and HIV-TB coinfected patients. Localized deficiency of vitamin D metabolites might be associated with increased vulnerability to TB infection.

scholarly journals Pachydrusen in Fellow Eyes Predict Response to Aflibercept Monotherapy in Patients with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Fukuda ◽  
Yoichi Sakurada ◽  
Atsushi Sugiyama ◽  
Seigo Yoneyama ◽  
Mio Matsubara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Fellow Eyes ◽  
Group 1

We investigated whether responses to as-needed intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAIs) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) differed among patients based upon drusen characteristics in fellow eyes. 110 eyes from 110 patients with PCV received 3 monthly IAI and thereafter Pro re nata (PRN) IAI over 12 months. Patients were classified into 4 groups depending on fellow eye findings. Group 1 (n = 16): pachydrusen; Group 2 (n = 45): no drusen; Group 3 (n = 35): soft drusen; Group4 (n = 14) PCV/scarring. Best-corrected visual acuity improved at 12 months in all groups, but not significantly in Group 1 and Group 4; however, visual improvement was similar among the groups after adjusting baseline confounders. Group 1 had a significantly lower percentage of eyes needing retreatment (all p < 0.001; Group 1: 16.7%; Group 2: 50.8%; Group 3: 80%; Group 4: 85.7%). The mean number of retreatments was least in Group 1 among the groups (all p-value < 0.003; Group 1: 0.50 ± 1.32; Group 2: 1.73 ± 2.08; Group 3:2.71 ± 1.99; Group 3: 2.71 ± 2.16). Patients with pachydrusen in fellow eyes were less likely to require additional IAI following the loading dose and may be ideal candidates for aflibercept monotherapy in their first year.

scholarly journals Innocent victims of passive smoking: An institutional experience.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2676-2680
Author(s):  
Wardah Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Hashim Ghouri ◽  
Maria Anwar ◽  
Ambreen Anjum ◽  
Maryam Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Second Hand Smoking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To determine the impact of exposure to second hand smoking on fetal birth weight and length. Study Design: Comparative Cross Sectional study. Setting: Physiology Department of Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute. Period: December 2015 to May 2016. Material & Methods: Non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect data from 120 women and their neonates, who were further divided in four equal groups based on level of exposure to second hand smoking. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding level of exposure of mothers, while weight and length of neonates were measured objectively. Results: Mean birth weight (kg) in group-1 was 3.31 ± 0.50, in group-2 was 3.00 ± 0.28, in group-3 was 2.92 ± 0.48 and in group-4 was 2.66 ± 0.41. The p-value calculated by one way ANOVA was 0.001 which shows that birth weight was significantly different in all the groups. Mean birth weight of neonates showed inverse relation with SHS exposure of the mothers. Mean length (cm) of neonates in group-1 was 49.30 ± 1.70, in group-2 was 48.77 ± 1.47, in group-3 was 49.40 ± 2.12 and in group-4 was 48.53 ± 1.65. It was seen that there was no significant difference in length of neonates belonging to different groups. Incidence of low birth weight among all the groups was 11.6%. Conclusion: Second hand smoking of mothers affects birth weight of neonates which in turn influence the intellectual abilities and developmental milestones of neonates. Awareness should be made in society in this regard to prevent the burden of the disease in silent victims of smoking.

scholarly journals Errors and artifacts on radiographs

Praxis medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Simon Nikolić ◽  
Aleksandra Milenković ◽  
Bojan Tomić ◽  
Branislava Radović ◽  
Miloš Gašić
Keyword(s):  
Radiology Department ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: The process of recording a patient includes a procedure with several separate segments during work that together provide the imaging to be obtained for adequate radiological analysis. Throughout the process, it is possible to experience errors that create artifacts on X-rays which ultimately results in an inadequate recording that is not for valid analysis. Aim: Determine the total number of radiological films that are not for valid analysis. Sort out and analyze errors in radiographs according to the work process. Provide recommendations for improving the quality in the process of recording the patient. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Radiology Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Center Pristina-Gracanica, for two calendar years. All films that are not for valid analysis were considered. The radiological procedure of patient imaging was broken down into logical segments so that possible errors could be observed. We have summarized the causes of the artifacts in five appropriate groups (errors made by the recording technique, during the acquisition of the image, caused by the object of recording, during the processing of films in an automated machine and improper handling of films). Results: The total amount of used X-ray films is 32600 pieces, of which 242 (0.74%) were errors and artifacts. The most common format of a film with an error or artifact was 30x40 cm. A frequency of errors according to the cause of the occurrence is classified into appropriate groups. The largest number was in a group 1 - 155 (64.04%), in a group 2 - 3 (1.24%), in a group 3 - 13 (5.37%), in a group 4 - 67 (27.69%), and in a group 5 - 4 (1.66%). Conclusion: In the proper systematization of all observed errors and artifacts of X-ray film, it allows us to realise the place of error during the whole process of recording and processing of the film. We hereby wish to propose their elimination and improve the quality of the radiology department.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparison of Condylar Head Inclination With Respect to Glenoid Fossa in Cleft, Class III, and Class I Individuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 030157422096341
Author(s):  
Prutha Ganesh Khakhar ◽  
Pallavi Daigavane ◽  
Ranjit Kamble ◽  
Priyanka Niranjane ◽  
Hamza Dargahwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Glenoid Fossa ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Condylar Head ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital craniofacial defects, which need early intervention with a multidisciplinary approach including surgeons, orthodontists, speech therapists, pedodontists, etc. Craniofacial growth is affected the most, leading to marked skeletal discrepancies. Constricted maxillary arch is one of the reasons for faulty occlusal inclined planes which results in abnormal loading of condyles, thus leading to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in cleft. Condylar head inclination helps to evaluate the position of condyle in the glenoid fossa. Thus, changing the position of condylar head in the glenoid fossa at an early age prevents further worsening of TMD condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate condylar inclination in individuals with cleft lip and palate and compare it with non-cleft individuals. Method: The study comprised of 40 subjects aged between 9 and 12 years, divided into 4 groups (10 in each)—unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and class III and class I malocclusion. Scanned three-dimensional digital volume tomography (3D-DVT) images were taken, and condylar head inclination was evaluated and compared. Result: Significant findings were obtained when group 1 was compared to group 2, group 3, and group 4 ( P-value = .001). Also, when group 2 was compared to group 3 and group 4, the values were statistically significant with P-value = .001. Conclusion: Condylar head inclination was found to be most anteriorly angulated in the class III group compared to all the other groups. Unilateral cleft lip and palate had more anteriorly angulated condyle than bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Parvovirus B19 infection in AIDS patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Kerr ◽  
D. Kane ◽  
B. Crowley ◽  
N. Leonard ◽  
S. O'Briain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hiv 1

Summary: Bone marrow of 61 HIV-1-infected patients and 23 control patients was examined to determine the incidence of B19 infection and its clinical impact in HIV1-infected persons. Of the 61 HIV-infected patients studied, ages ranged from 22-47 years with a mean of 33.2 years. There was a man : woman ratio of 3.8 : 1.With regard to staging of HIV disease at the time of bone marrow sampling, 52 patients were CDC group 4, 5 patients were CDC group 3, and 4 patients were CDC group 2. Control patients, were not known to be HIV-1-infected, and had one of the following conditions: lymphoma, leukaemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, anaemia, multiple myeloma, raised serum IgM. Thirteen of 61 HIV-infected patients and 0 of 23 control patients were positive for B19 DNA in bone marrow (two-tailed P value=0.016). Within the HIV-infected group, the average haemoglobin among persons testing B19 DNA positive (n=13) was 11.1 g/dl, compared with 11.5 g/dl among persons testing B19 DNA negative (n=48). In conclusion, B19 persistence may be common and frequently subclinical in AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Distribution Characteristics of Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Xue Che ◽  
Ming-Xi Liu ◽  
Shao-Kun Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Shan Lv ◽  
Yuan-Zhe Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background : Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is the most common osteoporotic fracture which significantly decreases patient’s quality of life and high risk of subsequent osteoporotic fracture. VCFs also result in substantial financial burden on the public health system. Studying the characteristics of VCFs with analyzing the distributional differences by age and sex is meaningful for us to prevent and treat the VCFs.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients with thoracolumbar VCF from December 2012 to June 2018 in our department. A total of 675 cases met the study inclusion criteria for analysis. We divided the patients into four groups by age with every 10 years from 50 to 89 years old. Morbidity in each sex, the occurrence of single- or multisegment fractures and the distribution of fractures from T7 to L5 was calculated for every group. All the data was tested by SPSS.Results: The highest proportion of male patients was in Group 4 (80-89 years old), and the lowest was in Group 2 (60-69 years old). The highest and lowest proportion of female patients was in Group 2 and Group 4, P value < 0.05.The highest proportion of multisegment fractures was in Group 3 (70-79 years old), and the lowest was in Group 1 (50-59 years old). The highest proportion of single-segment fractures was in Group 1, and the lowest was in Group 3, P > 0.05.Compared with the other vertebral fractures, L4 had P <0.05; others were all >0.05.Conclusions: As affected by individualized stress mechanisms of different vertebras and degree of osteoporosis, thoracolumbar VCFs have different characteristics that could assist physicians in carefully selecting treatment regimens to reduce pain and complications and improve the quality of life of patients.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Correlation of γ-radioactivity and Scanning Electron Microscopy in measurement of retention of 111Indium-labeled canine endothelial cells on synthetic vascular grafts

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
E.J. Prendiville ◽  
S. Laliberté Verdon ◽  
K. E. Gould ◽  
K. Ramberg ◽  
R. J. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Human Fibronectin ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Endothelial cell (EC) seeding is postulated as a mechanism of improving patency in small caliber vascular grafts. However the majority of seeded EC are lost within 24 hours of restoration of blood flow in previous canine studies . We postulate that the cells have insufficient time to fully develop their attachment to the graft surface prior to exposure to hemodynamic stress. We allowed EC to incubate on fibronectin-coated ePTFE grafts for four different time periods after seeding and measured EC retention after perfusion in a canine ex vivo shunt circuit.Autologous canine EC, were enzymatically harvested, grown to confluence, and labeled with 30 μCi 111 Indium-oxine/80 cm 2 flask. Four groups of 5 cm x 4 mm ID ePTFE vascular prostheses were coated with 1.5 μg/cm.2 human fibronectin, and seeded with 1.5 x 105 EC/ cm.2. After seeding grafts in Group 1 were incubated in complete growth medium for 90 minutes, Group 2 were incubated for 24 hours, Group 3 for 72 hours and Group 4 for 6 days. Grafts were then placed in the canine ex vivo circuit, constructed between femoral artery and vein, and subjected to blood flow of 75 ml per minute for 6 hours. Continuous counting of γ-activity was made possible by placing the seeded graft inside the γ-counter detection crystal for the duration of perfusion. EC retention data after 30 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours of flow are shown in the table.

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