scholarly journals NESTROFT—A Cost-Effective Mass Screening Tool for the Detection of β-Thalassemia Carrier Status in Anemic Pregnant Women: A Step Toward Reducing the National Disease Burden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Gosavi ◽  
Ramesh Chavan ◽  
M. B. Bellad
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Carrier Status

Abstract Introduction β-Thalassemias are inherited hemoglobinopathies commonly encountered in practice. With chances of a promising cure being rare, the prevention of births with this disorder should assume priority, especially in low-resource countries. This can be achieved by the implementation of a mass screening program that is reliable and, at the same time, cost-effective. Objectives This study focuses on the utility of Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test (NESTROFT) as a mass screening tool to detect thalassemia carriers. Hematological parameters that may predict carrier status were also evaluated. Materials and Methods Hemoglobin estimation was performed on all consented pregnant women. If the patient was found to have hemoglobin < 11 g/dL, the blood sample was subjected to other routine hematological tests along with peripheral smear examination. NESTROFT was performed using 0.36% saline solution. Confirmation was done using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical Analysis Data obtained were tabulated using version 21 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Means, standard deviations, and percentages were used to describe the sample. Chi-square test and Students’ “t” test were used to identify differences between the groups. Results Of 441 pregnant women enrolled, 206 were found to be anemic. Nineteen (9.2%) of the anemic pregnant women were detected to be carriers of hemoglobinopathies. Among the hematological parameters, mean red blood cell count and reticulocyte count were higher, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was lower in carriers. Also, carriers were more likely to present with microcytic hypochromic anemia. NESTROFT showed a sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 96.25%, a positive predictive value of 69.56%, and a negative predictive value of 98.36%. A false-positive result was seen in 3.74% of the tests, while a false negative result was seen in 15.78% of the tests. Conclusions NESTROFT (0.36%) can be used as a simple and cost-effective mass screening tool for the detection of carrier status. This should be followed by confirmation using HPLC or hemoglobin electrophoresis.

High‐resolution DNA melt‐curve analysis for cost‐effective mass screening of pairwise species interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 908-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. McCarthy ◽  
Raphael K. Didham ◽  
Eckehard G. Brockerhoff ◽  
Katherine A. Bysterveldt ◽  
Arvind Varsani
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Melt Curve Analysis

scholarly journals Hematological parameters of the blood count in a healthy population of pregnant women in the Northwest of Morocco (Tetouan-M'diq-Fnideq provinces)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Bakrim ◽  
Youssef Motiaa ◽  
Ali Ouarour ◽  
Azlarab Masrar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: numerous biological parameters are physiologically modified during normal pregnancy, in particular hematology. The knowledge of these modifications of the maternal body by biologists and clinicians allows the screening of possible anomalies. In Morocco, the reference values of the complete blood count test for pregnant woman are missing, as are those specific to different trimesters of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to look for the reference values for healthy pregnant women of the Northwest region of Morocco, to compare them to those of non-pregnant women (control) and to those of the literature. Methods: blood samples were taken voluntarily from 3898 healthy pregnant women from 18 to 46 years old who presented themselves at the center of health Kalaa and at the service of gynecology obstetrics of the Provincial Hospital Center of M'diq (Morocco), for prenatal care. To establish the reference intervals of the CBC for non-pregnant women, a control group was constituted by 7035 healthy women from 18 to 50 years old selected according to the Moroccan law of blood donation. The CBC was measured on a Sysmex KX21N® analyzer. For each sample a systematic blood smear was done to determine the leukocyte differential. Results: a statistically significant difference between the pregnant women and control group was noted (p < 0.05) for all the hematological parameters: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets and mean platelet volume. So, the comparison of the averages established between the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy showed the existence of a significant variation with regard to all the parameters of the CBC test looked for (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the present study provides additional baseline data for basic hematological parameters in healthy pregnant Moroccan women and concluded that pregnancy in women has the tendency to alter some hematological indices. For these reasons, there is an interest to take these modifications into account for optimal maternal and fetal medical care.

Mass screening for cystic fibrosis heterozygotes: two assay systems compared

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gilfillan ◽  
R Axton ◽  
D J Brock
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Antenatal Clinics

Abstract Two different assay systems were used to detect mutant cystic fibrosis alleles in mouthwash samples from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. In the first phase of the study, comprising 3110 consecutive samples, we compared the performance of an in-house system and a commercial amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Successful analyses were completed at first attempt in approximately 90% of samples, and the patient resampling rate was 1.1%. There were no false positives and only one detected false negative. In the second phase, comprising 3333 consecutive samples, only ARMS was used. Again, there were no false positives and the patient resampling rate dropped to 0.5%. On the basis of convenience and reduced operator time, we have elected to use ARMS for further screening for cystic fibrosis heterozygotes.

Utility of High-Resolution Sonography for Evaluation of Knee Joint Pathologies as a Screening Tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110357
Author(s):  
Atul Pratap Singh ◽  
Shruti Chandak ◽  
Arjit Agarwal ◽  
Ankur Malhotra ◽  
Ashwani Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Symptomatic Knee ◽  
Good Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been established as the gold standard imaging technique for assessing knee joint pathologies. However, high-resolution sonography (HRS) is affordable, easily available, cost-effective, and can be used for knee joint assessment. This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic yield of HRS in the evaluation of knee joint pathologies compared with MRI. Materials and Methods: In the study, 103 patients, with symptomatic knee pain, were included. HRS was performed followed by MRI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. Kappa values were calculated to assess the performance of HRS compared with MRI. Results: The most frequent pathologies observed on HRS were knee joint effusion (84%) followed by medial meniscal (43%) and lateral meniscal (26%) tear. Conclusion: HRS demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of knee joint pathologies as compared with MRI. Therefore, HRS could be utilized as a screening tool for detection of knee joint pathologies.

scholarly journals Estimation of Urinary Calcium as a Predictor of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Shoba Giresh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Diseases

Hypertensive diseases are still a leading cause of death among mothers all over the world. It’s complicated aetiology, which begins with aberrant placentation and ends with endothelial dysfunction, is yet unknown. The goal of this study is to learn about changes in serum and urine calcium levels in women who have Gestational Hypertension. 200 normotensive pregnant women between 24-28 weeks were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Urine calcium and creatinine and serum uric acid, total protein, albumin and serum sodium were estimated in corresponding samples collected from patients. The study showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 71%, positive predictive value was 77%, negative predictive value 74%, and diagnostic accuracy as 74%. A single estimation of calcium to creatinine ratio in asymptomatic pregnant women between 24-28 week of gestation is a simple and cost-effective test.

scholarly journals Hematological Parameters in Pregnant Women with Special Reference to Iron

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Shubhranshu Shekhar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Several biological factors, particularly haematological, are physiologically altered during normal pregnancy. Biologists and doctors who are aware of these changes in the maternal body can screen for potential abnormalities. The aim of this research is to find healthy pregnant women's reference values. This was a cross-sectional research of pregnant women who attended an antenatal clinic at Sree Balaji Medical College, with anaemic and non-anemic pregnant women. Pregnant women were categorized into three groups -Group I - First Trimester (50 cases); Group II - Second Trimester (50 cases) and Group III - Third Trimester (72 cases) while non­ pregnant women formed the fourth group (30 cases). A statistically significant difference between the pregnant women and control group was noted (p < 0.05) for all the hematological parameters: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets and mean platelet volume. The present study provides additional baseline data for basic hematological parameters in healthy pregnant women and concluded that pregnancy in women has the tendency to alter some hematological indices.

scholarly journals RhD-induced immunogenetic disparity between mother and fetus: medical and economic effect of using molecular genetic technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Konopliannikov ◽  
A. N. Toropovskii ◽  
D. A. Viktorov ◽  
Yu. V. Myakisheva ◽  
R. F. Burganova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
D Antigen ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of timely diagnosis and prevention of Rh-immunity of pregnant women and hemolytic disease of the fetus, which remains relevant today, despite the existence of proven methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Aim: to assess the medico-economic efficiency of non-invasive prenatal diagnostics of the Rh factor (rhesus D antigen, RhD) of the fetus in the mother's blood – RhD-genotyping of the fetus.Materials and Methods. In a retrospective observational study, the results were analyzed of determining the Rh-factor of the fetus in the blood of 4109 Rh-negative pregnant women observed in 41 medical organizations of the Ulyanovsk region in the period 2018–2020. At a gestational age of ≥ 10 weeks, the RhD state of the fetus was determined by polymerase chain reaction. To assess the medical effectiveness of the test, the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive and negative results, and diagnostic accuracy were determined. The data collected during the study were compared with the information obtained after childbirth. To assess the economic efficiency, the difference between the cost of immunization and the cost of determining the D antigen of the Rhesus system (Rh factor) of the fetus was determined.Results. A positive Rh-factor of the fetus was detected in 67.26 % of cases (n = 2793), negative – in 32.74 % (n = 1316). Diagnostic accuracy of the test system "Test-RhD" was 99.40 %, the sensitivity – 99.84 %, the specificity – 97.51 %, the prognostic value of a positive result – 99.43 %, the predictive value of a negative result – 99.28 % with low rates of false positive and false negative results. It has been shown that this study avoids unnecessary immunization costs for all Rh-negative pregnant women.Conclusion. Analysis of the diagnostic characteristics and cost-effectiveness of the RhD test indicate the high medical significance of the method and make it possible to recommend its wider use.

scholarly journals LATERAL POSITION OF PLACENTA DETECTED ON ULTRA-SONOGRAM AT 18 TO 24 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY AS A PREDICTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PREECLAMPSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3410-3413
Author(s):  
Minal Kalambe
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension ◽  
Long Term Consequences

The placenta is an important organ that connects the mother to the fetus. It is a well-known cause of pregnancy hypertension. The position of the placenta and the development of preeclampsia are linked in several studies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the percentage delay as determined by ultrasound could be used as a predictor of the development of preeclampsia. A retrospective and prospective, and observational study was done in Choithram Hospital & Research Centre, Indore. The study was done on 130 pregnant women, out of which 62 females had laterally located placenta and 68 had centrally located placenta selected randomly from November 2015 to November 2017. Preeclampsia developed in 68.09 percent of women in the lateral placenta group. Only 31.91 percent of women in the group with the central placenta developed preeclampsia. As a result, females with a laterally positioned placenta had a 3.7 times higher risk of having PIH than those with a centrally situated placenta. With a laterally placed placenta, the overall chance of having PIH was 3.769. This study, laterally located placenta increased association of development of preeclampsia in patients than centrally located placenta which reduces the hospital burden, and long term consequences of the disease thereby reducing the huge cost of critical care for mother and newborn. Thus, making ultrasonography a cost effective, practical, painless, beneficial and reliable screening tool.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic IgM/IgG rapid test in pregnancy: A false friend?

2020 ◽  
pp. 000456322098049
Author(s):  
M Fabre ◽  
S Ruiz-Martinez ◽  
ME Monserrat Cantera ◽  
A Cortizo Garrido ◽  
Z Beunza Fabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Positive Rate

Background An increasing body of evidence has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women could increase the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Careful monitoring of pregnancies with COVID-19 and measures to prevent neonatal infection are warranted. Therefore, rapid antibody tests have been suggested as an efficient screening tool during pregnancy. Cases We analysed the clinical performance during pregnancy of a rapid, lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies. We performed a universal screening including 169 patients during their last trimester of pregnancy. We present a series of 14 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic assay rapid test result. Immunochromatographic assay results were always confirmed by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM+IgA antibodies as the gold standard. We observed a positive predictive value of 50% and a false positive rate of 50% in pregnant women, involving a significantly lower diagnostic performance than reported in non-pregnant patients. Discussion Our data suggest that although immunochromatographic assay rapid tests may be a fast and profitable screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection, they may have a high false positive rate and low positive predictive value in pregnant women. Therefore, immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies must be verified by other test in pregnant patients.

scholarly journals The effect of delivery type on neonatal blood indices in an Iranian population

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2768-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Baharvand ◽  
Majid Fathi ◽  
Hossein Eliyasy ◽  
Babak Abdolkarimi ◽  
Ali Asghar Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Term Neonates

Background: Generally, there are two methods for childbirth: normal vaginal and cesarean section (C-section). Each method has advantages and complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of type of delivery on hematological parameters in healthy full-term neonates in an Iranian population, from 2016-2017. Materials: Three hundred pregnant women, along with their healthy and term babies, were studied. According to the route of delivery, the neonates were divided into two groups: vaginal (n=150) and C-section (n=150). Complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood smear (PBS) were performed on the neonates from umbilical cord blood immediately after birth. Data were analyzed by using SPSS v. 22 and statistical analyses were done by student's t-test and correlation tests, with P-value < 0.05 set as the lowest limit of significance. Results: We observed a significant increase in hematologic parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelets, total leukocyte count and neutrophil count, in full-term neonates who delivered vaginally compared to those delivered by cesarean section (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the delivery types in terms of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), eosinophil count, lymphocyte count, or monocyte count. Conclusion: According to our study, the mode of delivery influences the hematological parameters in full-term neonates; thrombocytopenia and anemia in neonates were associated with cesarean section delivery. Thus, we recommend that pregnant women do not deliver by C-section unless in emergency situations.  

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