scholarly journals Pulmonary Arterial Dilatation: Imaging Evaluation Using Multidetector Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivasa Narayana Raju ◽  
Niraj Nirmal Pandey ◽  
Arun Sharma ◽  
Amarinder Singh Malhi ◽  
Siddharthan Deepti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Ct Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

AbstractPulmonary artery dilatation comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders. Early diagnosis is important as the presentation may be incidental, chronic, or acute and life threatening depending upon the etiology. Cross-sectional imaging plays an important role, with CT pulmonary angiography being regarded as the first line investigation in the evaluation of pulmonary artery pathologies. Moreover, effects of pulmonary artery lesions on proximal and distal circulation can also be ascertained with the detection of associated conditions. Special attention should also be given to the left main coronary artery and the trachea-bronchial tree as they may be extrinsically compressed by the dilated pulmonary artery. In context of an appropriate clinical background, CT pulmonary angiography also helps in treatment planning, prognostication, and follow-up of these patients. This review mainly deals with imaging evaluation of the pulmonary arterial dilatations on CT with emphasis on the gamut of etiologies in the adult as well as pediatric populations.

State-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging – Part 2

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Goerne ◽  
Abhishek Chaturvedi ◽  
Sasan Partovi ◽  
Prabhakar Rajiah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Arterial Imaging

Abstract. Although pulmonary embolism is the most common abnormality of the pulmonary artery, there is a broad spectrum of other congenital and acquired pulmonary arterial abnormalities. Multiple imaging modalities are now available to evaluate these abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries. CT and MRI are the most commonly used cross-sectional imaging modalities that provide comprehensive information on several aspects of these abnormalities, including morphology, function, risk-stratification and therapy-monitoring. In this article, we review the role of state-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging in the evaluation of non-thromboembolic disorders of pulmonary artery.

Dual-energy MDCT: Comparison of pulmonary artery enhancement on dedicated CT pulmonary angiography, routine and low contrast volume studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. e11-e17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna C.B. Godoy ◽  
Samantha L. Heller ◽  
David P. Naidich ◽  
Bernard Assadourian ◽  
Christianne Leidecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Ct Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Volume

Cross-Sectional Imaging Evaluation of Vascular Lesions in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Mesentery

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-881
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Zheng ◽  
Amr Shabana ◽  
Khaled M. Elsayes ◽  
Aws Hamid ◽  
Amr Abdelaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Life-Threatening Bleeding Caused by a Jejunal GIST

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Aloka Liyanage ◽  
Aloka Liyanage ◽  
R Kalaiselvan ◽  
R Rajaganeshan ◽  
S P B Thalgaspitiya
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Haemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Intermittent Bleeding ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumours

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumours that are specific to GI tract. GISTs usually associated with advanced age and have a slight male preponderance. GISTs are commonly found in stomach. Jujunal GISTs are the rarest and account for about 0.1-3% of all GI tumours [1]. The most common clinical manifestation of symptomatic GISTs includes intermittent bleeding due to mucosal ulceration. Massive, life threatening gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a rare occurrence. We report a rare case of bleeding Jejunal GIST in a 32-year-old female who presented with haemorrhagic shock that required resuscitative laparotomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the tumour to have features of GIST with clear margins and post-operative cross-sectional imaging excluded any metastatic deposits.

scholarly journals P-EGS03 Curious Case of Life Threatening Gastrointestinal Bleed

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
VIBHA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Resection And Anastomosis

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal in origin, being derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal. These can be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and are commonly found in the stomach followed by the small bowel. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are usually asymptomatic and are often found incidentally. Chronic bleeding is one of the most common presentation. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors presenting with massive gastro intestinal haemorrhage and mimicking arteriovenous malformation on radiology are rare with only few cases reported. Methods Herein we present such a case of a 45-year-old gentleman with massive gastro intestinal bleeding. At presentation, patient was in congestive heart failure due to severe anaemia with a hemoglobin of 2.9g/dL. CECT Angiography localised the bleed to be from a jejunal mass lesion with radiological features consistent with those of arteriovenous malformation. Patient underwent laparoscopy assisted resection and anastomosis. Results Histopathology examination revealed a low risk jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with no evidence of arteriovenous malformation. The mass was removed completely and the patient was discharged on 5th post-operative day. Patient was followed up in the out-patient department and was found to be doing well. Conclusions Gastrointestinal stromal tumors though relatively uncommon should be kept as important differentials for acute torrential gastrointestinal bleeding. It is highlighted that a presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors similar to that of arteriovenous malformations on cross sectional imaging should be kept in mind. The present case is reported in hope of expanding the knowledge of a rare occurrence, its aetiology, clinical impact and treatment.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Fungal Necrotising Otitis Externa Centred on the Left Temporomandibular Joint

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. Khan ◽  
E. Omakobia ◽  
S. Hasnie ◽  
R. Barton ◽  
P. Gopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Renal Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Introduction. Necrotising otitis externa (NOE) is a rare life-threatening complication of simple otitis externa which can be difficult to diagnose and manage. It is very rarely centred on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fungi cause NOE in approximately 5–20% of patients, and a high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis, particularly when there is no improvement with prolonged topical and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Objective. To report a novel case of fungal NOE centred on the left TMJ in an immunocompromised adult male with a focus on investigations and optimal management. Case Report. A 67-year-old male with comorbid chronic renal impairment presented to our otolaryngology department with prolonged left otalgia and otorrhoea. Subsequent cross-sectional imaging demonstrated left NOE centred on the TMJ. Poor resolution with prolonged courses of systemic and topical anti-pseudomonal antibiotics prompted maxillofacial surgical input for left TMJ exploration, washout, and biopsy from the joint capsule. The causative organism was identified as Aspergillus flavus on PCR analysis. The patient was successfully treated with oral posaconazole and repeated topical insertions of amphotericin B-soaked ribbon gauze to the left ear. Discussion. A combination of various imaging modalities including CT, MRI, Tc-99, and gallium-67 are utilised in clinical practice both to diagnose NOE and subsequently monitor disease progression or resolution. Immunocompromised patients with confirmed fungal NOE may require a combination of treatments including surgical debridement and prolonged antifungal therapy for a number of months, if not lifelong, treatment. Initiating empirical antifungal therapy may be justified in some patients. However, this should be judged on a case-by-case basis and guided by discussion with the local microbiology and infectious diseases departments. However, there is no national guideline or consensus regarding treatment of these patients, especially in cases of fungal NOE.

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