scholarly journals Antiplaque Efficacy of a Novel Moringa oleifera Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Study

Author(s):  
Kimberly Duarte ◽  
Biju Thomas ◽  
Sudhir Rama Varma ◽  
Vinayak Kamath ◽  
Bhavya Shetty ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives The use of herbal dentifrices has grown exponentially over the years. They are categorically referred to as ethnomedicines. Various agents have been tried with contradicting findings based on phytopharmacological analysis. Miswak is one agent which has been used over the years. A novel Moringa oleifera-based dentifrice has shown promising results in terms of its cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the efficacy of two commercially available miswak- and moringa-based herbal dentifrices on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis scores. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical crossover study included 20 subjects with mild to moderate gingivitis. The study was conducted over a total examination period of 20 days with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between the use of both the toothpastes. The plaque index and gingival index of the study subjects were recorded at the designated time intervals throughout the study period. Statistical Analysis The data collected were entered on Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis using SPSS software (SPSS version 28, IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, United States) was done. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Moreover, p ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results The results showed that the reduction in mean gingival index scores from baseline to day 3 was more statistically significant in the moringa-based dentifrice. Similarly, the plaque index scores showed statistically significant reduction following the use of the moringa-based dentifrice when compared with the miswak dentifrice. This study reveals that the moringa dentifrice is a safe and effective agent in reducing plaque accumulation and treating gingival inflammation. Conclusion The current study aims to provide an insight into the possible role of moringa dentifrice as a possible adjunctive oral hygiene aid.

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Al-Balkhi

Abstract Cephalometric norms are important to orthodontists in their diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to establish if orthodontists treat and finish their cases to the cephalometric means or norms. Pre- and post-cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 35 orthodontically treated cases were analyzed. The Kappa test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Paired t- test, and Z-test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The result revealed that orthodontists do not reach the cephalometric mean values post-treatment. However, sagittal maxillomandibular relationship and interlabial gap are the main areas of improvements. This leads to improvement of soft tissue esthetics by camouflaging the skeletal and dental relationship. Citation Al-Balkhi KM. Orthodontic Treatment Planning: Do Orthodontists Treat to Cephalometric Norms? J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4:012-027.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Serigos

Aims and objectives: This study aims to redress the paucity of research on the semantics of loanwords, by extending and empirically testing Backus’s ((2001). The role of semantic specificity in insertional codeswitching: Evidence from Dutch-Turkish. Jacobson, Rodolfo (Hg): Codeswitching Worldwide. Bd, 2, 125–154) Specificity Hypothesis – ‘Embedded language elements in code-switching have a high degree of semantic specificity’ (p. 128). Approach: Adopting a concept-based approach to examine loanwords in a large, reliable corpus, the study pursues the following question: Do loanwords have a high degree of semantic specificity relative to their receiving-language equivalents? Specificity is operationalized as an entropy measure of the target word’s environment, the assumption being that more specific words have less variety in their surrounding context. Data and analysis: To test this hypothesis, Anglicisms in a 24-million-word newspaper corpus of Argentine Spanish were processed in three stages: detecting loanwords, selecting semantic equivalents, and measuring specificity. Findings/conclusions: A Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed that loanwords receive significantly lower entropy scores, that is, they are more specific than their Spanish equivalents. The results suggest a possible motive for adopting loanwords when terms already exist in the source language, namely, to utilize words that provide more nuanced meaning. Originality: Methodologically, this study offers innovative applications of computational methods to loanword research, employing a distributional model to measure entropy. Theoretically, it addresses an underrepresented aspect of loanword adoption, semantics, by extending Backus’s hypothesis to loanwords and increasing its scope to data often viewed as ‘monolingual’. Significance/implications: The conclusions offer novel perspectives on loanwords with existing semantic equivalents, often viewed as ‘unnecessary’ when compared to loanwords that introduce new concepts into the recipient language (e.g. blog). With the notion of specificity, we may understand these loanwords as disruptors to the semantic system of the recipient language, dividing up the semantic space formerly occupied solely by the native equivalent, thus increasing the level of nuance expressed in the original concept.


2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7606-7606
Author(s):  
S. Yendamuri ◽  
A. A. Vaporciyan ◽  
T. Zaidi ◽  
R. Fernandez ◽  
D. C. Rice ◽  
...  

7606 Objectives: To study the feasibility of detecting chromosomal deletions at the 3p and 10q regions in bronchoscopic brush biopsies and touch preparations by FISH and to study their distribution in different areas of the airway in patients with NSCLC. Methods: Bronchoscopic brush biopsies from the mainstem bronchus on the normal side contralateral to the tumor (NBB) and normal mainstem bronchus on the tumor side (TBB) were obtained from 120 patients who underwent surgical resection. Touch preparations from the tumor (TTP) and normal lung parenchyma from the involved lung (NTP) and from bronchi adjacent to the tumor (TAB) were also obtained. Two FISH assays using probes complementary to 3p22.1 and 10q22.3 were used for evaluation of chromosomal deletions at each site. The ratios of the percentage of deletions detected at different anatomical sites were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Correlations between deletions at TTP and other sites were estimated with a Spearman coefficient. Results: Contralateral normal bronchial tissue (NBB) showed a relatively low deletion rate of 3p and 10q compared to TTP (p<0.0001). FISH on brush biopsies at TBB showed a significantly higher rate of deletions compared to NBB (p<0.05) for both 3p and 10q. A significantly higher deletion rate was seen at TTP compared to NTP at both the 3p (p<0.0001) and 10 q regions (p<0.0001). Significant correlations were seen between the rate of deletions between TTP and TBB at 3p (ρ=0.61, p<0.0001) and between TTP and TAB at 10q (ρ=0.64, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Chromosomal deletions of the 3p and 10q regions can be reliably detected by FISH in bronchoscopic biopsies and touch preparations. As one progresses from the contralateral normal bronchus to the bronchus on the side of tumor and the tumor itself, the percentage of chromosomal deletions increases in a statistically significant fashion,supporting an etiological role of these changes. Deletions at the bronchoscopically normal main and adjacent bronchus on the side of the tumor correlate with an increased deletion rate in the tumor itself. This suggests that FISH analysis of bronchoscopic brushes may be useful for identifying patients at high risk for developing NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


2015 ◽  
pp. 1567-1578
Author(s):  
B.R. Purnima ◽  
N. Sriraam ◽  
U. Krishnaswamy ◽  
K. Radhika

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals derived from polysomnography recordings play an important role in assessing the physiological and behavioral changes during onset of sleep. This paper suggests a spike rhythmicity based feature for discriminating the wake and sleep state. The polysomnography recordings are segmented into 1 second EEG patterns to ensure stationarity of the signal and four windowing scheme overlaps (0%, 50%, 60% and 75%) of EEG pattern are introduced to study the influence of the pre-processing procedure. The application of spike rhythmicity feature helps to estimate the number of spikes from the given pattern with a threshold of 25%.Then non parametric statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test is introduced to evaluate the impact of statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, p-value and box-plot analysis under various conditions .The statistical test shows significant difference between wake and sleep with p<0.005 for the applied feature, thus demonstrating the efficiency of simple thresholding in distinguishing sleep and wake stage .


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 360-365
Author(s):  
Silvia Anitasari ◽  
Deasy E. Wahab ◽  
Barlianta Barlianta ◽  
Hendrik S. Budi

Abstract Objective The infrared rays is one of the treatments to relief of dental pain due to pulpitis or periodontitis. The ability of infrared to increase the pain threshold which make eliminating P substance on the inflammation area and inducing Aβ and Aδ fibers to activate γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and neuropeptides to decrease the pain. Hence, reducing or eliminating dental pain. This study to get information about effectively distance between patients and infrared rays which can reduce or eliminate dental pain. Materials and Methods The explorative experimental research to determine the effectivity of the infrared rays’ distance: 45, 55, and 55 cm in reducing or eliminating dental pain. The material of infrared was tungsten with luminous light and the time for the lighting was 15 minutes. Statistical Analysis The data were obtained and analyzed using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test (α= 0.05). Results  There were influenced of the infrared rays to reduce the dental pain as follow, distance 45 cm (p = 0.007), distance 55 cm (p = 0.026), and distance 65 cm (p = 0.007). The average scale reduction for distance 45 cm was 2.23 ± 0.83, the distance 55 cm was 3.33 ± 0.87, and the distance 65 cm was (1.78 ± 0.83). Therefore, according to Kruskal–Wallis test with p = 0.004 (p < 0.05) showed the significant difference between the scale to decrease of dental pain was the distance of 55. Conclusion Infrared rays located at a distance of 55 cm from patients might be more effective in relieving dental pain, compared with other distances tested.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
NAROTTAM KUMAR

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Gayatri mantra recitation and Om recitation on selective attention as measured by color stroop. The study was performed on undergraduate students (Male=30) with age range of 18 to 30 years. All students were trained for reciting Gayatri mantra for 3 days. The baseline data were used. The participants participated in Gayatri mantra and Om recitation about 15 min for two consecutive days. The sequence of the session was assigned randomly to the participants. The attention was assessed using color stroop test before and immediately after each session. Within-group comparison showed that due to GM recitation and Om recitation, Stroop scores improved or significant improvement of Stroop scores in both groups (P < 0.001;Wilcoxon signed rank test). The percentage improvement of Stroop score was 16.16 % after GM recitation whereas 9.26 % after Om recitation. This pilot study shows that both Gayatri mantra and simply sitting led to improvement in attention, as measured by Stroop Task. But the influence of Gayatri mantra was significantly higher than Om recitation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Nabillah Eka Permatasari ◽  
Annis Catur Adi

Snail and moringa are the example of food that contain several nutrition such as energy, protein, calcium  needed by stunted children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of snail (Pila ampullacea) and puree moringa (Moringa oleifera) substitution toward the acceptance and nutritional value (energy and protein) of gyoza  as an healthy snack alternative. This study was an experimental with complete random design study. Untrained panelists were 30 students of grade five student in elementary school Komplek Kenjeran II 506. Elementary school Based on scoring by panelist formula F3 is the best treatment formula, because it is better in color and texture aspect but it has no significant difference in aroma and taste compared with treatment formula. The Friedman Test showed there were significant differences in color, aroma, texture and taste (p<0.05). Result of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that overall test of control formulas and treatment formulas were having differences but the result between treatment formulas were not having significant differences.  The highest energy and protein content were F3 224.8 g and 12.75 g/100 g gyoza. Based on the best acceptance value and the highest energy content, it was conclude that the optimization formula was F3 (75 g snail and 20 g moringa) as an alternative healthy snack for school-children.


2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kuncio ◽  
Anthony Maganzini ◽  
Clarence Shelton ◽  
Katherine Freeman

Abstract Objective: To compare the postretention dental changes between patients treated with Invisalign and those treated with conventional fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: This is a comparative cohort study using patient records of one orthodontist in New York City. Two groups of patients were identified that differed only in the method of treatment (Invisalign and Braces group). Dental casts and panoramic radiographs were collected and analyzed using the objective grading system (OGS) of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO). The cases were evaluated immediately after appliance removal (T1) and at a postretention time (T2), three years after appliance removal. All patients had completed active orthodontic treatment and had undergone at least one year of retention. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to evaluate differences in treatment outcomes between the groups for each of the eight categories in the OGS, including four additional subcategories in the alignment category. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine the significance of changes within each group from T1 to T2. Results: The change in the total alignment score in the Invisalign group was significantly larger than that for the Braces group. There were significant changes in total alignment and mandibular anterior alignment in both groups. There were significant changes in maxillary anterior alignment in the Invisalign group only. Conclusions: In this sample for this period of observation, patients treated with Invisalign relapsed more than those treated with conventional fixed appliances.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Dwi Atmoko Agung Nugroho ◽  
Dondin Sajuthi ◽  
Sri Soepraptini Mansjoer ◽  
Entang Iskandar ◽  
Huda Shalahuddin Darusman

  This study aims to promote Macaca fascicularis as a comparative psychology model in finding the root and solution of resource inequity by exploring inhibitor effect on refusal behavior, acceptance, and aggression toward the feed distribution numbers in six pairs of female long-tailed macaques. We observed the frequency of refusal behavior, acceptance, and aggression toward the distribution of red grape with a ratio of: a) 1:1, 0:2, 1:3 without environmental inhibitors (with an opened-aclyric tray) and b) ratios 1:1 with an environmental inhibitor (with a transparent restriction box) in 60 trials per condition. The sample size was N = 10. Non-parametric statistical analysis of Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed that 1:1 ratio with environmental inhibitor produces a lower response of refusal behavior compared to 1:3 without inhibitor. It produced a lower response of aggression compared to other ratios. It produced a greater acceptance compared to other ratios. These long-tailed macaques do not accept the equity conditions except with environmental inhibitors. Based on this fact, we conclude that long-tailed macaques are a good spontaneous model for the comparative psychology of inequity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateshwar Rao D ◽  
Beena C

The present study examined the influence of intervention incorporating multiple intelligences on learning experiences and scholastic achievement of secondary school students. Data was collected from 208 students of 6th grade by following two stage sampling technique. Data was subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square, ‘t’ test and wilcoxon signed rank test. It was observed that in class rooms in which teacher incorporates multiple intelligences in teaching practices the students showed more interest in mathematics and also showed higher scholastic achievement. It has been recommended to follow the same teaching approach to generate interest among students in mathematics.


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