scholarly journals The Volatility Effect in China

Author(s):  
David Blitz ◽  
Matthias X. Hanauer ◽  
Pim van Vliet

AbstractThis paper shows that low-risk stocks significantly outperform high-risk stocks in the local China A-share market. The main driver of this low-risk anomaly is volatility, and not beta. A Fama–French style VOL factor is not explained by the Fama–French–Carhart factors, and has the strongest stand-alone performance among all these factors. Our findings are robust across sectors and over time, and consistent with previous empirical evidence for the US and international markets. Moreover, the VOL premium exhibits excellent investability characteristics, as it involves a low turnover and remains strong when applied to only the largest and most liquid stocks. Our results imply that the volatility effect is a highly pervasive phenomenon, and that explanations should be able to account for its presence in highly institutionalized markets, such as the US, but also in the Chinese market where private investors dominate trading.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Kathleen F. McGinley ◽  
Xizi Sun ◽  
Lauren E. Howard ◽  
William J. Aronson ◽  
Martha K. Terris ◽  
...  

73 Background: Performance of a pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) with radical prostatectomy (RP) is critical for staging and treatment of high-risk prostate cancer (PC). Conversely, performance of a PLND in low-risk PC contributes to morbidity with minimal benefit. Robot-assisted laparoscopic RP (RARP) is associated with decreased PLND use. We evaluated PLND use over time, stratified by PC risk group and surgical technique. Methods: We used SEARCH to identify men who had open RP (ORP) or RARP from 2006-2013 with complete data. Univariable logistic regression was used to test the association between age, race, BMI, number of positive cores, AUA risk group, year, center, and surgical technique on PLND use. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to examine surgical technique and PLND performance stratified by AUA risk-group. Spearman correlation was used to examine temporal changes in PLND utilization stratified by risk-group and surgical technique. Results: 1,439 men met inclusion criteria. Of these, 66% had a PLND. On univariable analysis, age, year, number of positive cores, AUA risk group, center, and surgical technique were significantly associated with PLND performance (all p<0.02). On multivariable analysis, when adjusted for age, race, BMI, number of positive cores, year, and center, RARP was associated with a 89% decreased use of PLND in the low-risk group, 85% decreased in intermediate risk, and 86% decreased in high risk men (all p≤0.002). Over time, PLND was increasingly used with RARP in low-risk patients (p=0.022); a trend of increased PLND performance with RARP in high risk men was noted (p=0.077) reaching ~85% in 2012-2013 vs. ~95% in ORP. For ORP, PLND use did not significantly change over time except a trend of fewer PLND in low-risk men which decreased to ~35% (p=0.064) in 2012-2013. Conclusions: Regardless of risk group, PLND is markedly less likely to be performed when a RARP is done. While improved over time, PLND remains over-utilized in low-risk men and under-utilized in high risk men regardless of surgical technique.


2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
Usama Mahmood ◽  
Lawrence B. Levy ◽  
Paul Linh Nguyen ◽  
Andrew Lee ◽  
Deborah A. Kuban ◽  
...  

116 Background: This year, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database released individual patient clinical Gleason score (GS) at the time of biopsy/transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which, along with the previously available clinical stage and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), allows a unique opportunity to study the clinical presentation and treatment selection of prostate cancer in the US. Methods: The SEER database was used to identify men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer in 2010 who were then assigned National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk group based on clinical factors at diagnosis. We determined sociodemographic factors associated with having high-risk disease and analyzed the impact of NCCN risk, along with sociodemographic factors, on local treatment selection. Results: A total of 42,403 men were identified of which 16,171 (38%) had low-risk, 16,990 (40%) had intermediate-risk, and 9,242 (22%) had high-risk disease. Older, non-white, and non-married patients living in counties with higher poverty rates, were most likely to be diagnosed with high-risk disease on multivariable analysis. Of the 38,634 men for whom prostate cancer was the first malignancy, 8,832 (23%) had no local treatment, 15,421 (40%) had prostatectomy, 13,855 (36%) had radiation treatment (including external beam radiation and/or brachytherapy), and 526 (1%) had another form of local tumor destruction (predominantly cryotherapy). In total, 29% of low-risk, 16% of intermediate-risk, and 25% of high-risk patients received no local treatment (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, older, non-white, and non-married patients living in counties with higher poverty rates who had low-risk disease, were least likely to receive local treatment. Conclusions: Our analysis provides information regarding the current clinical presentation and treatment of localized prostate cancer in the US. We note persistent disparities in the presentation and treatment of prostate cancer according to sociodemographic factors and potential under treatment of high-risk disease.


Author(s):  
Hayan Jouni ◽  
J. W Askew ◽  
Daniel J Crusan ◽  
Todd D Miller ◽  
Raymond J Gibbons

Background: Over the past 20 years, there has been an increasing decline in the prevalence of abnormal stress single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT) studies among patients with no history of coronary artery disease (CAD). The trend of SPECT studies among patients with known CAD has not been evaluated before. Methods: Using the Mayo Clinic nuclear cardiology database, we examined all stress SPECT tests performed between 1/1991-12/2012 in patients with prior history of CAD defined as having prior myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and/or coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients with left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, bicycle or rest-only tests, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and technically unsatisfactory studies were excluded. The study cohort was divided into 5 time periods: 1991-5, 1996-2000, 2001-5, 2006-10, and 2011-12. Results: There were 19373 eligible SPECT tests (mean age 66.2 ± 10.9y, 75.4% men). Annual utilization of SPECT studies in patients with history of CAD increased from an average of 495 tests per year between 1991-1995 to a peak of 1425 in 2003; and then decreased to 552 tests in 2012. Asymptomatic patients comprised 33% in 1991-1995, peaked at 48% in 2006, and then decreased back to 31% in 2012. Over time, patients with typical angina decreased while patients with dyspnea increased, P <0.001 (Fig 1). The percentage of high risk SPECT tests significantly decreased, and the percentage of low-risk SPECT tests significantly increased despite the overall decline of SPECT utilization between 2003 and 2012. Almost 80% of all tests performed in 2012 had a low risk summed stress score compared to 29% in 1991, P <0.001 (Fig 2). Conclusions: In Mayo Clinic Rochester, annual SPECT utilization in patients with prior CAD increased between 1992 and 2003, but then decreased significantly after 2003. Fewer patients had typical angina while patients with dyspnea increased over time. High risk SPECT tests declined while low risk tests increased dramatically. These data suggest that stress SPECT was being increasingly utilized in CAD patients without typical angina who are at low risk.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hylton Meier ◽  
Natalie C. Meier

As the model for corporate governance has emerged in the US after decades of evolution, culminating with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, there has also been interest in corporate governance models used in other countries. This has particular importance considering the increased competition for capital in international markets with investors wishing to make sound financial decisions by seeking information from companies, regardless of their national registry, that is open, accessible and accurate. This paper examines the framework for corporate governance in the US, its evolution over time, and reviews corporate governance models used in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland. A comparison of these models is provided presenting similarities and differences, strengths and weakness, and obstacles to harmonization.


2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5021-5021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Duran ◽  
J. F. Sturgeon ◽  
M. A. Jewett ◽  
L. Anson-Cartwright ◽  
D. R. Berthold ◽  
...  

5021 Background: Since 1981 the Princess Margaret Hospital testicular cancer group has used surveillance as the preferred management option for all patients (pts) with clinical stage I NSGCT. In a report of the first 105 pts [Sturgeon et al. J Clin Oncol, 1992] the relapse rate was 35% and the disease specific 5-year survival 99%. Improvements in imaging technique over time could cause stage migration with an overall lower relapse rate in this patient population. We compare our experience with surveillance over different time points. Methods: Three-hundred and five pts with stage I NS-GCT were placed on an active surveillance protocol between 1981–2004. They were not stratified by risk and only received treatment on the event of a relapse. Recurrence rates, time to relapse, risk factors predictive for recurrence, disease specific and overall survival were determined. For the analysis by time period, pts were divided in two groups based on diagnosis date. (Initial=1981–1992 [N=141] and Recent=1993–2004 [N=164]). Results: With a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 77/305 pts (25%) relapsed; 46/141 pts (32.6%) in the initial group and 31/164 (18.9%) in the recent. All but 3 (4%) relapses occurred within 2 years after orchiectomy with a median time to relapse of 7 months. A multivariate analysis established lympho-vascular invasion (p<0.01) and pure embryonal carcinoma (p= 0.03) as independent predictors of recurrence. Overall 104/305 (34.1%) pts were designated as ‘high- risk’ based on the presence of at least one of these factors. In the initial group 60/141 (42.6%) pts were high risk and 32/60 (53%) relapsed versus 14/81 (17.3%) low-risk (p=0.047). In the recent group 44/164 (26.8%) pts were high-risk and 17/44 (38.6%) recurred, versus 14/120 (11.7%) low-risk (p<0.001). There were 2 (0.7%) deaths due to testis cancer. The estimated 5-year disease specific survival was 98.9% in the initial group and 100% in the recent one. Conclusions: Surveillance is an effective strategy for the management of all stage I NSGCT. A risk-adapted policy would result in more than 50% of the patients being unnecessarily treated. The relapse rate has reduced over time, likely due to improvements in imaging causing stage migration. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4086-4086
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Mato ◽  
Arliene Ravelo ◽  
Tu My To ◽  
Robert Schuldt ◽  
Juliana M.L. Biondo

Abstract Background: There have been many advances in CLL treatments over the past decade, with a number of novel agents targeting molecular pathways within CLL cells receiving approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. Here, we assessed the evolution of molecular testing patterns, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes over time in patients receiving 1L CLL treatment in a real-world US database. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the Flatiron Health database, a longitudinal database comprising de-identified, patient-level, structured and unstructured data, curated via technology-enabled abstraction. During the study period, the de-identified data originated from approximately 280 cancer clinics (~800 sites of care) in the US. Patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with CLL and initiated 1L treatment between December 2015 and December 2020 were selected. Participants who took part in a clinical trial in any line of therapy, or who had any other primary cancer diagnosis, were excluded. Baseline characteristics, including testing patterns, at initiation of 1L treatment were assessed using descriptive statistics. Treatment patterns and outcomes, such as time to next treatment or death (TTNTD), were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate TTNTD. Results: Among 3654 patients with treatment-naive CLL who were selected from the de-identified database, the mean age at 1L treatment initiation was 70 years (range, 29-85); 64.3% of patients were male; 72.1% were White, 8.2% Black, 3.9% Hispanic/Latino, 1.0% Asian, and 14.9% were of other ethnicity/race. Approximately one-third (34.7%) of patients had Rai stage 0-I disease, 6.9% had stage II, 6.3% stage III, 11.5% stage IV, and 40.6% had undocumented Rai stage. Testing patterns: The majority of identified patients (3202/3654; 87.6%) had undergone cytogenetic testing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or IGHV mutation testing. Compared with 2015-2016, testing rates were higher in 2019-2020 for chromosome 17p deletion (del(17p); 36.1% vs 45.7%, respectively; p&lt;0.001) and for IGHV mutation status (84.7% vs 89.2%, respectively; p=0.003). Overall, 11.0% of patients had del(17p). Of those tested for IGHV (1472/3654; 40.3%), 58.3% had unmutated IGHV. Treatment patterns: The 10 most commonly used 1L CLL treatments, which overall represented 91.8% of all 1L treatments, and their evolution over time, are reported in Table 1. Of the patients receiving these top 10 1L treatment regimens overall, 45.7% received regimens including novel targeted oral agents, 33.4% received chemo-immunotherapy (CIT), and 19.7% received anti-CD20 monotherapy. Evaluation of each 2-year period shows that treatment patterns for the top 10 1L treatment regimens shifted, with use of novel targeted oral agents increasing from 27.1% (2015-2016) to 63.8% (2019-2020) (p&lt;0.001), while use of CIT and chemotherapy decreased over time (Table 2). Approximately 30.0% (1088/3654) of 1L-treated patients went on to receive second-line treatments. Outcomes: Median TTNTD was 34.4 months for all patients receiving 1L CLL treatment, and 36.5 months for patients who received the 10 most common 1L treatments across the 6-year study period (n=3360). Median TTNTD was 47.0 months for patients who received novel targeted oral agents and 41.5 months for patients who received CIT (unadjusted p=0.16). When evaluating outcomes in patients with high-risk cytogenetics, median TTNTD was 29.1 months for patients with del(17p) and 37.2 months for those with unmutated IGHV, but was longer in those patients who received treatment with novel targeted oral agents (median TTNTD of 43.9 and 46.7 months, respectively; Table 3). Conclusions: This analysis provides the current state of 1L CLL testing and treatment patterns and outcomes in the US from 2015 to 2020. As expected, the use of novel targeted oral agents increased over time, with a corresponding increase in TTNTD. Clinical outcomes were improved in patients receiving novel targeted oral agents, both overall and in high-risk subgroups. Following on from this, a comparative study of TTNTD for novel oral agents versus CIT, and analyses of outcomes of different sequencing of therapies, will be conducted. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Mato: Nurix: Research Funding; Johnson and Johnson: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Acerta/AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; DTRM BioPharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; MSKCC: Current Employment; Sunesis: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: DSMB, Research Funding; Genmab: Research Funding; LOXO: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding. Ravelo: Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; Roche Holdings: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. To: Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Schuldt: Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Johnson & Johnson: Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Biondo: Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; Roche: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company.


Author(s):  
Ahmet Yücekaya

Since coal resources are located around the world and often far away from where the coal is consumed, transportation is important. The industries that use coal such as power plants, industrial plants, coke plants, and commercial institutions usually prefer different transportation methods. The demand in these industries and the transportation methods they use differ over time. This chapter analyzes the international coal transportation and demand. An analysis for the US coal market and the transportation to industries along with the methods that are used between 2001-2015 are presented. A trend analysis was performed to show the long-term demand for each transportation method in each industry. Such analysis is also useful as it allows observing the coal demand from each industry. Analysis results reveal the change in coal amounts that are transported to each industry using the railroad, truck, and other methods.


2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 3470-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Ji Jeon ◽  
Won Gu Kim ◽  
Yun Mi Choi ◽  
Hyemi Kwon ◽  
Dong Eun Song ◽  
...  

Context: The prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis has changed with increased detection of subclinical metastatic LNs. The number and size of metastatic LNs were proposed as new prognostic factors in PTC with cervical LN metastasis (N1). Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate changes in N1 PTC characteristics and clinical outcome over time and to confirm the prognostic value of the number and size of metastatic LNs. Design and Patients: This study included 1815 N1 PTC patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2011. Patients were classified into three risk groups according to the number and size of metastatic LNs: very low risk, five or fewer and 0.2 cm or less; low risk, five or fewer and 0.2 cm or greater; and high risk, more than five. Main Outcome Measures: Response to initial therapy and disease-free survival (DFS) was measured. Results: Metastatic LNs became smaller, and the ratio of metastatic LNs, which represents the extent of LN involvement and the completeness of surgery, decreased significantly over time. The proportion of patients with excellent response significantly increased from 33% to 67% over time (P &lt; .001). These improvements were more evident in the low- and high-risk groups than in the very low-risk group. The DFS 5 years after initial surgery was also significantly increased from 73% to 91% over time (P &lt; .001). The new LN classification was strongly associated with outcome. Patients in the very low-risk group had longer DFS than those in the low- and high-risk groups during the study period. Conclusions: The clinical outcome of N1 PTC has significantly changed over time with the earlier detection of thyroid cancers with less extensive LN involvement. More complete surgical neck dissection also might be responsible for these changes. The number and size of metastatic LNs are important prognostic factors of recurrence in N1 PTC.


Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Victoria Martire ◽  
Edoardo Cipolletta ◽  
Andrea Di Matteo ◽  
Marco Di Carlo ◽  
Diogo Jesus ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives 1) To measure with ultrasound (US) the intima-media thickness (IMT) of temporal (superficial, parietal and frontal branches) and axillary arteries in subjects without a diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis (GCA) and/or polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) with different cardiovascular (CV) risk; 2) to assess the performance of previously proposed cut-off values for normal IMT. Methods Subjects ≥ 50 years without a diagnosis of GCA or PMR were included. Bilateral US of the temporal arteries, including the frontal and parietal branches, and axillary arteries was performed by two sonographers using a 10–22 MHz and 6–18 MHz probe. The following previously proposed cut-off for were considered: Superficial temporal artery: 0.42 mm; Frontal branch: 0.34 mm; Parietal branch: 0.29 mm; Axillary artery: 1.0 mm. Results A total of 808 arteries in 101 subjects were evaluated; of these, 31 (30.7%) were classified as very high-CV risk, 7 (6.9%) as high, 34 (33.7%) as moderate and 29 (28.7%) as low-risk. Subjects with very high or high-risk showed higher IMT than those with moderate or low-risk in the superficial temporal arteries [0.23 (SD 0.07) vs 0.20 (SD 0.04), p&lt; 0.01] and in the axillary arteries [0.54 (SD 0.17) vs 0.48 (SD 0.10), p: 0.002]. The IMT was higher than the reference cut-off in 13/808 (1.6%) arteries, in ≥ 1 artery in 10/101 subjects (10.1%). Of these 10 subjects, 8 (80%) were classified as having very high or high risk. Conclusion Our results suggest that CV risk might influence the US-determined IMT of the temporal and axillary arteries in subjects without GCA. Therefore, in patients with suspected GCA, particular attention should be paid when measuring the IMT in those patients with very high/high CV risk.


Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Christoph Heuck ◽  
Pingping Qu ◽  
Frits van Rhee ◽  
Sarah Waheed ◽  
Saad Z Usmani ◽  
...  

Abstract Gene expression profiling (GEP) reliably predicts overall and progression free survival in multiple myeloma. Driven by the concept that therapy will reveal biology, we applied the GEP70 risk model to 56 patients enrolled in Total Therapy 6 (TT6), a phase 2 trial for previously treated patients. One year survival estimates were 62% vs.97%, p<0.0001, Figure 1A). To investigate whether fewer than the 70 genes could predict this difference in outcomes, the probe sets of the GEP70 risk model were ranked by p-values, based on univariate Cox regression analysis for OS. The five probe sets with the smallest P values (corresponding to genes ENO1, FABP5, TRIP13, TAGLN2, and RFC4) were combined to create a continuous score (Figure1B). Association of several of these genes with different cancers has previously been reported by others. We re-trained this 5 gene model (GEP5) on a dataset of 275 uniformly treated patients on Total Therapy 3A (TT3A) and identified a new optimal cutoff of 10.68. We validated this new cutoff with patients enrolled in Total Therapy 2 (TT2) (n=351) and Total Therapy 3B (TT3B) (n=166). For TT2 patients, the dataset from which the GEP70 model was developed, clinical outcomes of the GEP5defined low risk patients were very similar to the GEP70 defined low risk patients. Survival estimates were higher for GEP5-defined high risk than for GEP70 high risk patients (5-year estimated OS: 40%, GEP5; 28%, GEP70; 5-year estimated PFS: 26%, GEP5; 15%, GEP70) (Figure 2A and 2B). This was also seen in both TT2 treatment arms. For the second validation cohort (TT3B), GEP5 and GEP70 risk distinction were similar to the TT3A discovery cohort (Figures 2C and 2D). On multivariate analysis, the GEP5-defined high-risk designation was the most adverse variable for PFS, with an estimated hazard ratio of 3.44 (95% CI: 2.02-5.86), whereas the GEP70 model was selected first for OS. (Table 1).Table 1.Multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis performed on the TT3B validation setOverall survivalProgression-free survivalVariablen/N (%)HR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-valueMultivariateGEP70 high-risk36/159 (23%)4.45 (2.47, 8.02)<.001B2M > 5.5 mg/L49/159 (31%)1.73 (1.01, 2.95)0.045GEP5 high-risk42/159 (26%)3.44 (2.02, 5.86)<.001 Applied to the publicly available dataset from the HOVON group, GEP5 identified a high risk group with a 3-year estimate OS survival of 52% compared to 75% for the low risk group (p<0.001). TT4 and TT5 are phase 2 trials for previously untreated GEP70 defined low-risk and high-risk patients, respectively. GEP5 identified in TT4 a subset (17/303) of high risk patients with significantly worse 3-year estimated OS (69% vs. 86%, p=0.03), and in TT5 GEP5 identifies a low-risk subset (22/57) of patients with significantly better 3-year estimate OS (94% vs. 59%, p=0.01). Recently a large-scale proteomics experiment involving 85 patients with MM identified ENO1, FABP5, and TAGLN2 among a set of 24 proteins that are associated with short OS. It was further shown that gene expression levels correlated closely with protein abundance. In summary, we have identified 5 genes that have the greatest influence on GEP defined risk. The GEP5 score maintains prognostic power even in patients who have been risk stratified using other risk models. The correlation of expression at both mRNA and protein levels indicate that the genes identified in GEP5 are not simply an artifact of the microarray methodology, but rather supports their biologic relevance. This simplified risk model with a reduced number of genes has the potential to open molecular risk testing to a larger audience. Figure 1. Figure 1. Overall Survival in TT6 according to A) GEP70 risk score and B) GEP5 risk score Figure 2. Figure 2. Overall survival (left panels) and progression-free survival (right panels) according to GEP5 risk score in A) TT3A training set set, B) TT2 test set and C) a second test set TT3B Figure 3. Figure 3. Overall survival (left panels) and progression-free survival (right panels) according to GEP5 in A) the publicly available HOVON dataset B) TT4, for previously untreated GEP70 defined low-risk myeloma and C) TT5, for previously untreated GEP70 defined high-risk myeloma Disclosures: van Rhee: Jansen & Jansen: Research Funding. Usmani:Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Epstein:University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Co-inventor of the DNA probes for FISH of IGHC/IGHV (14q32), MMSET/FGFR3 (4p16), CCND3 (6p21), CCND1 (11q13), MAF (16q23), and MAFB (20q12) loci, sub. to the US Patent & Trademark Office as Prov. App# 61/726,327: Methods of Detecting 14q32 Translocations, Co-inventor of the DNA probes for FISH of IGHC/IGHV (14q32), MMSET/FGFR3 (4p16), CCND3 (6p21), CCND1 (11q13), MAF (16q23), and MAFB (20q12) loci, sub. to the US Patent & Trademark Office as Prov. App# 61/726,327: Methods of Detecting 14q32 Translocations Patents & Royalties. Zhang:University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Co-inventor of the DNA probes for FISH of IGHC/IGHV (14q32), MMSET/FGFR3 (4p16), CCND3 (6p21), CCND1 (11q13), MAF (16q23), and MAFB (20q12) loci, sub. to the US Patent & Trademark Office as Prov. App# 61/726,327: Methods of Detecting 14q32 Translocations, Co-inventor of the DNA probes for FISH of IGHC/IGHV (14q32), MMSET/FGFR3 (4p16), CCND3 (6p21), CCND1 (11q13), MAF (16q23), and MAFB (20q12) loci, sub. to the US Patent & Trademark Office as Prov. App# 61/726,327: Methods of Detecting 14q32 Translocations Patents & Royalties. Barlogie:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Myeloma Health, LLC: Patents & Royalties.


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