Rolling Stock Monitoring with Wayside Train-Monitoring Systems Using Fiber Optic Cords

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 04021040
Author(s):  
Alain Rivero ◽  
Philippe Vanheeghe ◽  
Hannes Gräbe ◽  
Emmanuel Duflos
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Monitoring Systems

Elastomeric Risers in the Offshore Wind Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
David G. Aubrey ◽  
Jennifer Wehof ◽  
Stephen O'Malley ◽  
Rajai Aghabi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Fishing Activity

AbstractFloating LiDAR systems (FLS) and other moored environmental monitoring systems are used extensively for wind and environmental assessments in offshore wind projects. In addition, wave energy converters (WECs) are being evaluated for more extensive use in coastal and deeper waters, most of which also require anchoring to the seabed. Since these systems must be moored, heavy anchors and typically heavy chain are used to secure the mooring and measurement/WEC buoy to the seabed. Disadvantages of present mooring technology include 1) damage to the seabed and benthic communities in vicinity of the mooring, as chain sweeps over the sea bottom; 2) an unnecessarily large watch circle at the water's surface; 3) slightly increased likelihood of marine mammal entanglement; 4) mooring damage from nearby fishing activity; and 5) likelihood of mooring failure due to self-entanglement within the mooring itself. This study presents an alternative mooring using mechanically compliant, elastomeric hoses to connect the buoyed system to the bottom anchor. Modeling the two mooring types with a typical buoy used in wind resource assessments shows a significant decrease in anchor drag area and surface watch circle with the use of the elastomeric hose versus the traditional chain and polyethylene line mooring. The hose also is equipped with copper conductors and/or fiber-optic conductors, providing power and data transmission between the bottom and the surface. For WEC solutions, the elastomeric hose provides similar benefits as for FLS and environmental monitoring systems, with the added advantage of being able to transmit power to the seafloor for distribution. For one WEC application, we have developed an elastomeric solution containing not only larger copper conductors to enable power transmission but also fiber-optic conductors to permit data transfer from a garage mounted on the bottom (servicing an autonomous underwater vehicle [AUV] or unmanned underwater vehicle [UUV], for instance) to the surface buoy for onward transmission to shore.

scholarly journals Bayesian Approach to Condition Monitoring of PRC Bridges

2007 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Zonta ◽  
Matteo Pozzi ◽  
Paolo Zanon
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Intact Condition

This paper presents a damage detection procedure based on Bayesian analysis of data recorded by permanent monitoring systems as applied to condition assessment of Precast Reinforced Concrete (PRC) bridges. The concept is to assume a set of possible condition states of the structure, including an intact condition and various combinations of damage, such as failure of strands, cover spalling and cracking. Based on these states, a set of potential time response scenarios is evaluated first, each described by a vector of random parameters and by a theoretical model. Given the prior distribution of this vector, the method assigns posterior probability to each scenario as well as updated probability distributions to each parameter. The effectiveness of this method is illustrated as applied to a short span PRC bridge, which is currently in the design phase and will be instrumented with a number of fiber-optic long gauge-length strain sensors. A Finite Element Model is used to simulate the instantaneous and time-dependent behavior of the structure, while Monte Carlo simulations are performed to numerically evaluate the evidence functions necessary for implementation of the method. The ability of the method to recognize damage is discussed.

Irregular layout of fiber-optical lines for tomographic monitoring of nautical structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
И.В. Денисов ◽  
Д.Н. Пискун ◽  
Н.А. Седова ◽  
В.А. Седов
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Fiber Optical ◽  
Physical Fields ◽  
Measuring Lines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

В статье рассматривается решение волоконно-оптической томографической задачи для мониторинга морских конструкций на основе новой, впервые публично представляемой, схемы укладки волоконно-оптических измерительных линий распределенной сети. В предлагаемой схеме укладки устраняется сдерживающий фактор линейности линий малоракурсной томографии и впервые анализируются возможности неравномерной схемы укладки. Сравнение предложенной схемы укладки с классическими схемами показало преимущество в точности определения места воздействия при уменьшении числа измерительных линий. Численное сравнение полученных результатов вычислительных экспериментов с ранее полученными результатами по другим схемам сканирования показали перспективность предлагаемого способа. Использование неравномерных схем укладок волоконно-оптических линий, наряду с применением систем искусственного интеллекта к информации на выходе этих линий, позволяет их изгибать теоретически на любых поверхностях морских конструкций, огибая углы балок, шпангоутов, неровных уплотнений и других подобных выпуклых поверхностей, для проектирования на их основе систем мониторинга состояния медленных физических полей на поверхностях со сложным произвольным профилем. The article discusses the solution of fiber-optical tomographic problem for monitoring nautical structures based on new layout of fiber-optic measuring lines. In the proposed scheme, the limiting factor of linearity of low-angle tomography lines is eliminated. The possibilities of Irregular layouts are analyzed. Comparison of the proposed layout with classical options showed gain in the accuracy of determining the location of the impact while reducing the number of measuring lines. A numerical comparison of the obtained results of computational experiments with previously obtained results for other scanning schemes showed the promise of the proposed method. Artificial intelligence systems are applied to the output data of these lines. This allows, in theory, to use uneven fiber-optic lines on any surfaces of nautical structures. At the same time, they will be able to bend around the corners of girders, ribs, uneven seals and other similar convex surfaces. All this will make it possible to design on their basis monitoring systems for slow physical fields on random profile surfaces.

scholarly journals Innovative solutions in monitoring systems in flood protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Klaudia Sekuła ◽  
Marzena Połeć ◽  
Aleksandra Borecka
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Fiber Optic Technology ◽  
The Village

The article presents the possibilities of ISMOP – IT System of Levee Monitoring. This system is able to collecting data from the reference and experimental control and measurement network. The experimental levee is build in a 1:1 scale and located in the village of Czernichow, near Cracow. The innovation is the utilization of a series of sensors monitoring the changes in the body of levee. It can be done by comparing the results of numerical simulations with results from installed two groups of sensors: reference sensors and experimental sensors. The reference control and measurement sensors create network based on pore pressure and temperature sensors. Additionally, it contains the fiber-optic technology. The second network include design experimental sensors, constructed for the development of solutions that can be used in existing flood embankments. The results are important to create the comprehensive and inexpensive monitoring system, which could be helpful for state authorities and local governments in flood protection.

scholarly journals COMBINE COMMUNICATIONS OPTICAL NETWORK OF SCADA OF ELECTRIC POWER STATION AND SUBSTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
A. N. Vasev ◽  
R. Sh. Misbakhov ◽  
A. I. Ziganshina ◽  
V. V. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Electric Power Station ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Passive Fiber ◽  
Optic Systems

The article discusses an economical way to deploy diagnostic monitoring systems for high-voltage electrical units through a combination of passive fiber-optic systems for collecting and transmitting technological information of SCADA with diagnostic information transmission systems of systems for continuous technical diagnostics in them. The usage of existing communication network of SCADA will increase economy and expand the scope of continuous diagnostic systems.

Мodel for detecting and evaluating the fire hazard of spark discharges in the electrical networks of passenger cars based on the use of fiber- optic sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Vladislav Andreevich Khanis ◽  
◽  
Sergey Valeryevich Bespalko ◽  
Igor Alexeevich Klyuchikov ◽  
Andrey Leonidovich Khanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Spark Discharges ◽  
Optical Flashes

The paper substantiates an approach to assessing the fire hazard of spark discharges in the electrical equipment elements of passenger cars of rolling stock based on the detection of optical flashes using fiber-optic sensors. The presented numerical model makes it possible to realize the possibility of detecting and evaluating optical flashes of weak spark discharges on potentially fire-hazardous electrical contacts in the electrical networks of passenger cars. To solve this problem, it seems appropriate to place sensors of electrical discharges using optical fibers to deliver to them the radiation of optical flashes of spark discharges from fire-hazardous spatially remote elements of the electrical network.

Wayside Train Monitoring Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 728-754
Author(s):  
Swastikaa Moudgil ◽  
Ashim Bhasin ◽  
Ankit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Rail Industry ◽  
Operational Safety ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
Optimum Cost

The present competitive world of transport particularly the rail industry is driven by automation and centralization. New ways are being devised each day by the operators and managers to improve efficiency, operational safety, and risk control. Big Data and its multiple applications play a significant role in developing ways of analyzing and evaluating the rail data gathered and using it to enhance the transport industry. Wayside train Monitoring System is a field that is slowly gaining popularity through the different methods it provides to handle the big Data of the transport industry. It can measure the operational performance of rolling stock and infrastructure assets as well as the direct surroundings. The chapter addresses the problem of overall safety and optimum cost of railways transportation. Consequently, the chapter aims to resolve the following issues: How can the rail industry leverage the enormous amount of data available? How can industry players benefit from the data and use it to understand the real needs of travelers?

scholarly journals Secure Software for Rail Circuits in the Form of Distributed Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Nikoloz Mgebrishvili ◽  
Maksim Iavich ◽  
Giorgi Iashvili ◽  
Amiran Nodia
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Distributed Sensors ◽  
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Optical Time

In order to improve the safety of train traffic, we propose to introduce into practice a new type of rail circuits, fiber-optic rail circuits. Fiber optic cable is very sensitive to external shocks, vibration and deformation, which can play a crucial role in the detection of mechanical damage of rails and wheel sets and also to improve the positioning of the rolling stock. The branches of the fiber optic cable not only serve as a conductor of information, but also serve as a sensor, as they can perceive vibration. An OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) analyzes the backscattered light signal to determine the shape of the physical impact that caused the bending. From the time between the emission of the light signal and the receipt of the backscattered signal, the fault location is calculated. The authors offer the model of the system, which will check the security problems of the trains and the rail circuits. The software of the corresponding system is presented, using the simulation techniques. The authors present the pseudo code of the software. They also offer the testing environment for the software.

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