Thermal reaction of gold metallization on InP

Abstract Power bipolar devices with gold metallization experience high failure rates. The failures are characterized as shorts, detected during LSI testing at burn-in. Many of these shorted locations are the same for the failed devices. From a statistical lot analysis, it is found that the short failure rate is higher for devices with thinner interlayer dielectric films. Based upon these results, a new electromigration and electrochemical reaction mixed failure mechanism is proposed for the failure.

Regioselective Thermal Reaction between Triethylamine and C60Revisited: X-ray Confirmation of the Pentane-Fused Adduct and in Situ Mechanism Study

European Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.1002/ejoc.201500814 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 (26) ◽

pp. 5742-5746 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muqing Chen ◽

Wangqiang Shen ◽

Lipiao Bao ◽

Wenting Cai ◽

Yunpeng Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Reaction ◽

Mechanism Study ◽

X Ray

Thermal reaction of viscoelastic bodies to thermal impact on the basis of a new equation of dynamic thermoviscoelasticity

Journal of Engineering Physics ◽

10.1007/bf00870505 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 1116-1125

Author(s):

�. M. Kartashov ◽

I. V. Stomakhin

Keyword(s):

Thermal Reaction ◽

Thermal Impact ◽

New Equation ◽

Viscoelastic Bodies

Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83748-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lena Jakob ◽

Kseniya P. Vereshchagina ◽

Anette Tillmann ◽

Lorena Rivarola-Duarte ◽

Denis V. Axenov-Gribanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Lake Baikal ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Metabolic Enzymes ◽

Thermal Reaction ◽

Reaction Norms ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Amphipod Species ◽

Thermal Plasticity

AbstractLake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large-scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely-related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6–23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d−1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10-values: 1.6–3.7). Cytochrome-c-oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature-dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback-regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species-specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature-dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.

Conversion of Methanol on Rutile TiO2 (110) and Tungsten Oxide Clusters: 1. Population of Defect-Dependent Thermal Reaction Pathways

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/d1cp01175h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lars Mohrhusen ◽

Katharina Al-Shamery

Keyword(s):

Tungsten Oxide ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Model System ◽

Thermal Reaction ◽

Reaction Pathways ◽

Bifunctional Catalysts ◽

Rutile Tio2 ◽

Reaction Routes ◽

And Tungsten

Tungsten oxide clusters deposited on rutile TiO2 (110) single crystals were used as a model system for heterogenous oxide-oxide bifunctional catalysts. The population of different thermal reaction routes in methanol...

Dissociation of imino proton(s) of a highly water-soluble metal-free phthalocyanine and determination of its pKa value in water

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1142/s1088424613500235 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (06n07) ◽

pp. 447-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroaki Isago ◽

Harumi Fujita

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Media ◽

Thermal Reaction ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Acid Dissociation ◽

Acid Dissociation Constant ◽

Metal Free ◽

Imino Proton ◽

Pka Value ◽

Triton X

Dissociation of imino proton(s) in the cavity of the macrocycle of a highly water-soluble, metal-free phthalocyanine ( H 2( H 4 tsppc ); where H 4 tsppc denotes tetrakis{(2′,6′-dimethyl-4′-sulfonic acid)phenoxy}phthalocyaninate) in ethanolic and aqueous solutions has spectrophotometrically been investigated. The spectral changes associated with reaction with NaOH have been found to involve one-proton transfer process in aqueous media while two-protons process in ethanolic media. The acid-dissociation constant of the first imino proton in water (in the presence of Triton X-100) has been determined to be 12.5 ± 0.2 (as pKa) at 25 °C. The doubly deprotonated species in EtOH has been easily converted to its corresponding cobalt(II) derivative by thermal reaction with anhydrous CoCl 2.

ChemInform Abstract: VERY THIN SILICON NITRIDE FILMS GROWN BY DIRECT THERMAL REACTION WITH NITROGEN

Chemischer Informationsdienst ◽

10.1002/chin.197828033 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 9 (28) ◽

Author(s):

T. ITO ◽

S. HIJIYA ◽

T. NOZAKI ◽

H. ARAKAWA ◽

M. SHINODA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silicon Nitride ◽

Thermal Reaction ◽

Silicon Nitride Films ◽

Thin Silicon

ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL REACTION BETWEEN 5-METHYLENE-1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE AND STYRENE

Chemischer Informationsdienst ◽

10.1002/chin.197824188 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 9 (24) ◽

Author(s):

K. R. KOPECKY ◽

M. P. LAU

Keyword(s):

Thermal Reaction

Kinetics of the Production of Castor Oil Maleate through the Autocatalyzed Thermal Reaction and the Free Radical Reaction

International Journal of Chemical Kinetics ◽

10.1002/kin.21145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 112-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dayanne L. H. Maia ◽

Elenilson G. Alves Filho ◽

Antonino F. Barros Junior ◽

Fabiano A. N. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Radical Reaction ◽

Thermal Reaction ◽

Free Radical Reaction ◽

Kinetics Of