Potential of microwave soil heating for weed management and yield improvement in rice cropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Dorin Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Significant Difference

Herbicide-resistant weeds have prompted the development of non-chemical weed-control techniques for sustainable crop production. We examined the potential of pre-emergence microwave (MW) soil treatment to suppress weeds and enhance grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping in two agro-ecological zones of Australia. An experimental MW weed killer, which has four, independently controlled, 2-kW MW generators operating at 2.45 GHz, was used to treat the soil before cropping under field conditions. A once-off MW soil treatment (duration 60 s) and an untreated control were assigned in a randomised complete block design with five replicates at two study locations: Dookie (Victoria) and Jerilderie (New South Wales). Simpson’s numerical surface integral approximation estimated the applied energy density of ~500 J cm–2. This energy increased the soil’s temperature up to 70–75°C in top soil horizon (0–6 cm) as depicted by infrared thermal imaging. No statistically significant difference was detected for weed control between MW and untreated control plots at either study location. At Dookie, grain yield did not significantly increase in response to MW soil treatment, whereas at Jerilderie, grain yield was 20% higher (P < 0.05) with MW soil treatment than in control plots. At Jerilderie, the irrigation water use efficiency (t ML–1) was 21% higher in MW plots than control plots. In summary, MW exposure of 60 s appeared to be an insufficient heating duration for seedbank depletion. This suggests further treatment modification followed by rigorous testing under different soils conditions using the MW prototype.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of BRRI Power Weeder for Low Land Rice (Oryza sativ L.) Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
AKM Saiful Islam ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
M Sh. Islam ◽  
AKM Lutfor Rahman ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Hand Weeding

Mechanical intervention in crop production is increasing rapidly in Bangladesh. Researchers are finding ways to manage weeds in rice field using suitable mechanical devices instead of conventional hand weeding. A study was conducted to evaluate the field performance of BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) power weeder compared to BRRI weeder and hand weeding in the farmers’ field at Rashidpur in Mithapukur upazila under Rangpur district during boro season of 2014-15. Three treatments: T1 = BRRI weeder (BW), T2 = BRRI power weeder (BPW) and T3 = Hand weeding (HW) were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated in four farmers’ plots. Rice variety BRRI dhan28 was selected for the experiment. The effective field capacity of BW and BPW was found to be 0.06 and 0.09 ha hr-1, respectively. The weeding efficiency was the highest in HW (92%), followed by BPW (78%) and BW (73%). It was found that BW damaged the lowest number of plants (9%) compared to BPW (11%) during weeding operation, although the damaged plants recovered after a few days. BW and BPW reduced 74 and 85% of labor requirement in weeding operation compared to HW. The highest weeding cost was involved in HW (Tk. 4287 ha-1) compared to BW (Tk. 1103 ha-1) and BPW (Tk. 950ha-1). Weed control methods exerted insignificant effect on grain yield. BRRI power weeder and BRRI weeder reduced weeding cost, enhanced weed control and improved the labor efficiency without sacrificing grain yield. The highest BCR was obtained in BPW (1.22) followed by BW (1.16) and HW (1.11). BRRI power weeder and BRRI weeder appeared to be economic, easy and also environmentally safe weed control device in low land rice cultivation. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 40-48

scholarly journals Effects of spacings and butachlor levels on weed control, growth and yield of NERICA 1 rice (Oryza sativa L. x Oryza glaberrima L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Hassan Kasim ◽  
Ibrahim Musa ◽  
Mustapha Muhamman
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Main Plot

Poor agronomic practices coupled with herbicide mismanagement influence crop performance, yield, weed infestation and environmental hazards. Thus, field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of spacing and reduced levels of butachlor on weed control and yield of NERICA 1 rice (Oryza sativa L. x Oryza glaberrima L). The experiments were conducted in the 2011 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, and Lake Gerio, Yola in the 2012 dry season. Yola is located between latitude 9o14? N and longitude 12o28? E in the Northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. Treatments consisted of four spacings (20 cm x 20 cm, etc.) and four butachlor levels (3, 2, 1, and 0 kg ha-1 a.i.). The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with spacings assigned to the main plot and butachlor levels assigned to the sub-plot and were replicated three times. Data were taken on percentage establishment, number of leaves per plant, general weed cover, panicle length and grain yield per hectare. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance. Means showing a significant F-test were separated using LSD. Results obtained showed that butachlor at 1 kg ha-1 and 14 cm x 14 cm spacing gave the highest grain yield of 1441 kg ha-1 and maximum weed control. They are, therefore, recommended for adoption by farmers in Yola and similar environments.

scholarly journals MINIMUM TILLAGE NON-PUDDLED TRANSPLANTED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.): WEED CONTROL AND ECONOMICS UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mobarak Hossain ◽  
Mahfuza Begum ◽  
Abul Hashem ◽  
Md. Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Richard W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Rice Residues

Crisis of agricultural laborers in South Asia’s rural zones is pushing to pursue a labor-saving conservation agriculture strategy for crop production and weed control. Non-puddled transplanting and mulching residues of the previous crop are being developed for rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh to address this issue. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of strip tillage vs. conventional tillage combined with previous rice residues relative to herbicides and hand weeding on weed control and grain yield of winter rice during January-May in 2015 and 2016. Rice cv. BRRI dhan28 was transplanted with a combination of six treatments: puddled conventional tillage (CT)+3 hand weeding (HW) (Control); Preplant (PRE) herbicide (glyphosate)+non-puddled strip tillage (ST)+1HW; PRE+ST+pre-emergence (PE) herbicide (pendimethalin); PRE+ST+post-emergence (PO) herbicide (ethoxysulfuron-ethyl); PRE+ST+PE+PO; PRE+ST+weed-free (WF); and two levels of rice residues: no-residue (R0) vs. 50% standing residue (R50). The CT had done using a two-wheel tractor (2WT) by four ploughings and cross ploughings followed by levelling. A Versatile Multi-Crop Planter (VMP) was used for ST in a single pass operation. Over the two years, PRE+ST+PE+PO reduced weed density by 40% in the first year and 50% in the second year and weed biomass by 70% than CT+3HW in both years. Retention of 50% residue reduced weed density by 20% and biomass by 34%. The highest grain yield (12% higher than CT+3HW without residue) was obtained from PRE+ST+WF with 50% residue, while the highest BCR (47% higher over CT+3HW without residue) was obtained from PRE+ST+PE+PO with 50% residue.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Variability and Transmissibility Index in Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Ashish Sheera ◽  
Nashra Aftab ◽  
Sandeep Rout ◽  
Udit Nandan Mishra ◽  
Bupesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Days To Maturity

Aim: To assess the Genetic Variability among the accession/ genotype and its contributing traits. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted using 35 genotypes including 2 checks of rice during the season of kharif, 2017, at the Field Experimental Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate genetic variation and heritability of yield and related traits. The experiment was designed with a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all traits indicating existence of genetic variability among the accessions. Results: Highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were recorded for Spikelet’s per panicle, tillers per hill, panicle per hill and grain filling. High heritability in broad sense was obtained for days to 50% flowering (99.6%), days to maturity (98.7%), test weight (97.9%), harvest index (96.9%) and grain yield per hill (96.6%) which is indicating the high heritable portion of variation. High to medium estimate of heritability in genetic advance were obtained for grain yield (38.51), spikelet’s/ panicle (37.94), panicle/ hill (36.97) were indicating the roles of additive gene action and good scope of selection using their phenotype performance. Interpretation: Considering, all of these characters, spikelet’s per panicle, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were important yield related traits and could be used for selection in future rice breeding programme.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Assessment of genetic variability for quantitative characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under post flood situation in sali

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dalibha Pathak ◽  
Umesh Ch. Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

Sixteen genotypes of rice (including one check) were evaluated on 18 quantitative traits during sali (August), 2018 in a randomized block design with three replications at Instruction cum Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance under delayed sown condition. The analysis of variance for 18 quantitative traits revealed the presence of significant differences for grain yield and its component characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for chaffs per panicle followed by grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), spikelets per panicle, grain yield (kg/ha). A high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height (cm), spikelets per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), chaffs per panicle, grains per panicle, grain yield (g/hill), grain yield (kg/ha), biological yield (kg/ha), straw weight (kg/ha) and harvest index (%) indicating that selection might be effective for improvement of these characters under delayed sown condition with low input. From the findings of this investigation, one genotype viz., Gandhari emerged as the outstanding genotype which yielded 4170 kg/ha and could be directly used for cultivation in delayed sown situation with low inputs. Some other promising genotypes that yielded higher than the check Manoharsali under delayed sown condition were JR 29, JR 16, Basundhara and JR 60 and could be utilized as potential parental material in the hybridization programmes designed to develop suitable rice varieties for delayed sown situation.

scholarly journals Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O. Fernandes ◽  
R.P. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

scholarly journals Effects of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation on Yield and Fertilizer Requirement of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Mojid ◽  
G C L Wyseure ◽  
S K Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Due to increasing scarcity of fresh water, use of unconventional water source (e.g., wastewater) in irrigation has now become important. However, inclusive information on the effects of wastewater on crop production and soil health is necessary for such intervention. This study was designed to evaluate these effects by demonstrating the contribution of municipal wastewater (hereafter called wastewater) on yield and nutrient requirement of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cv Shatabdi. Five irrigation treatments - I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5  were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during November-March of 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2009-2010 at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University,  Mymensingh. The treatments I2-I5 consisted of blended wastewater and I1 of fresh water (control). The ratio of wastewater to total irrigation water was 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 in I2, I3, I4 and I5, respectively. Wheat was cultivated with three irrigations and recommended doses of fertilizer in three consecutive years. Wastewater contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) @ 17.5, 3.7 and 10.3 mg/L, respectively, and irrigation by raw wastewater (I5) contributed 19.1, 15.1 and 21.7% of the recommended N, P and K, respectively. Biomass yield increased with increasing fraction of wastewater in irrigation. Grain yield increased for the wastewater fraction of 0.50 - 0.75 in irrigation but decreased when irrigation was applied by raw wastewater. Excess fertilizer (under I5) boosted up growth of wheat, but did not contribute to the grain yield. Number of grains per spike; and grain, straw and biological yields significantly (p = 0.05) increased due to the contribution of wastewater. Wastewater significantly improved grain and biomass production, with the largest value obtained in I4 (4.61 t/ha grain yield and 11.36 t/ha biomass yield).  Raw wastewater in combination with recommended fertilizer doses caused over-fertilization that contributed only in biomass production but not in grain production of wheat and irrigation by wastewater substantially reduced fertilizer requirement of wheat.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 01-14

scholarly journals Performance of F2 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Segregants Derived from a Cross the BPT-5204 / IR-64Drt1

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
D. N. Singh ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Avinash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The present investigation was carried out with F2 plants from a cross between two parents i.e., BPT-5204 and IR-64Drt1. The selection of parents for crosses was made based on genotypes that were tolerant and susceptible to drought condition. BPT-5204 was drought susceptible and IR-64Drt1 was also tolerant to drought. In this experiment adequate amount of variability was detected for grain yield per plant and its components among 324 segregants evaluated under augmented randomized block design II in normal field condition. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its attributing characters among blocks, treatments, entries, checks and checks vs entries revealed presence of significant variation in the segregants studied. However, with respect to checks, non-significant differences were recorded for only L/B ratio. The results indicated that among 324 rice genotypes including checks, only 9 rice genotypes expressed higher yield compared to seven checks varieties under normal field condition. The segregants S-51, S-122, S-135, S-195, S-199, S-210, S-219, S-222, S-251 were top ranking genotypes with respect to all checks.

scholarly journals Organic Fertilizer Titonia Plus and Micro Nutrients Improved Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production in Koto Panjang and Koto Tingga, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Nalwida Rozen ◽  
Gusnidar Gusnidar ◽  
Nurhajati Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
On Farm

A series of on-farm fi eld experiments were conducted in two locations in Padang, Koto Panjang and Koto Tingga, West Sumatera, Indonesia in 2015. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the formula of organic fertilizer derived from Tithonia supplied with micro nutrients, Zn and Mn, on rice. The experiments were conducted using completely-randomized block design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were P = Tithonia Organic Fertilizer Plus (TOFP) + 3.0 kg Mn.ha-1, Q = TOFP + 3.0 kg Mn.ha-1+ 3.0 kg Zn.ha-1, R = TOFP + 4.5 kg Mn.ha-1 + 6 kg Zn.ha-1, S= TOFP + 4.5 kg Mn.ha-1+ 9 kg Zn.ha-1, T = TOFP only, U = 100% chemical fertilizer only. Treatment with micro nutrients as addition to TOFP (TOFP+ 3.0 kg Mn.ha-1 and TOFP+ 3.0 kg Mn.ha-1+3.0 kg Zn.ha-1) increased rice grain yield by 80 g per clump.

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