The value of a poultry litter and wheat mixture in the drought feeding of weaner sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
PJ Austin ◽  
DL Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Mixture ◽  
The Mean

At the end of 23 weeks the mean daily dry matter intake of Merino weaners was 190 g of poultry litter and 235 g of wheat. The mean weekly body weight gain, 210 g per sheep, was not significantly different to weaners that consumed a mean daily dry matter intake of 365 g of wheat grain and gained 180 g weekly. The mean digestible organic matter content of wheat and poultry litter were calculated to be 88 and 31 per cent respectively. Weaners fed wheat only were not supplemented with limestone (1.5 per cent) for 13 weeks by which time two of the eight weaners had serum calcium levels below 8 mg per 100 ml. One of these weaners had gained weight, the other had lost weight and died three weeks after limestone supplementation. The addition of limestone did not increase the mean serum calcium levels significantly, but at the end of the trial all weaners had levels above 8 mg per 100 ml. ' Serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase and bilirubin concentrations were higher for weaners fed wheat-litter mixture, but below levels normally associated with liver dysfunction. Reasons for caution in the use of poultry litter in the manufacture of commercial feedstuffs for ruminants are discussed.

Liveweights and ration digestibilities for steers fed oat or wheat rations at near maintenance level

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Hamilton ◽  
JJL Maden
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Better Than

Steers of 252 kg initial mean liveweight were fed 0.44 kg of hay dry matter (DM)/head day-1 plus five rates of whole oats, crushed wheat or whole wheat, with the crushed wheat rations providing 0.7 to 1.3 times the estimated energy for maintenance. All-grain rations at these energy levels had been attempted, but resulted in digestive upset, and were abandoned. The results obtained, listed in the order of the above grains, were : 1 ) grain in ration to maintain liveweight: 1.31, 1.41 and 1.85 kg DMIhead day-1 ; 2) additional grain for each 10 kg improvement in liveweight over I2 weeks: 434,466 and 61 3 g DMIhead day-1 ; 3) mean digestible organic matter content (DOM) of rations, tested at the highest and lowest rates of grain : 69.4, 84.5 and 68.3%. The DOM of the oat rations declined by 8.1 units from the lowest to highest rate of grain. The relative liveweight change on oats could not be explained by the DOMs. Nevertheless, the results suggest, for similar conditions to those applying in our experiment, that: 1) whole oats may be at least as good a feed as crushed wheat, and both will be much better than whole wheat; 2) the feed requirement for maintenance may be about 20% less than standard recommendations; 3) even a little hay in the ration, compared with grain only, may greatly reduce the likelihood of digestive upset

The voluntary intake by cattle of four silages differing in dry matter content

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jackson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARYHerbage from the same timothy/meadow fescue/white clover sward was ensiled at four different dry matter contents. The resulting silages had dry matter contents of 19·0, 27·3, 32·3 and 43·2%, the dry matter content increasing with the length of the wilting period. An experiment was carried out to determine the voluntary intake of the silages. Each silage was given to 7 animals individually, the mean live weight of these being 334 kg.Although the silages made from wilted herbage were lower in digestibility than that made from unwilted herbage, wilting increased dry matter intake and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. The mean daily intakes of digestible organic matter were 53·0, 58·1, 59·6 and 59·6 g/kgW0·73, for silages of increasing dry matter content. The corresponding ME intakes, expressed as a multiple of the ME requirement for maintenance, were 1·17, 1·29, 1·30 and 1·28. The percentage of acetic acid in the silage dry matter was significantly (r= −0·56) and linearly related to voluntary intake. The relationship between lactic acid concentration and voluntary intake was significantly curvilinear (r= 0·48).

scholarly journals Digestion of dry and high-moisture maize diets in the stomach of the pig

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Holmes ◽  
H. S. Bayley ◽  
F. D. Horney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Mean

1. Pigs were fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas anterior to the pancreatic duct, and total collections of digesta were made for 12 h periods.2. Maize–soya-bean diets were made from maize which had been harvested with a dry-matter content of 770 g/kg and either dried, preserved with acetic or propionic acid or ensiled naturally. The pigs received two meals of these diets/d at 12 h intervals, and the amount of digesta flowing through their cannulas was measured.3. Between 4.5 and 5.25 l of digesta flowed through the cannulas in the 12 h collection period, 0.9 of the total 12 h flow passed through the cannulas in the first 9 h with the dry-maize diet and 0.8 with the acid-treated-maize diets.4. The mean total dry matter intake was 358 g/meal, and 304 g dry matter passed through the duodenal cannulas in the 12 h collection period. The corresponding intake and flow of nitrogen (g/12 h) was 11.1 and 9.6, and for chromic oxide 1.13 and 0.94.5. The pigs consumed 205 g starch (total α-linked glucose polymers)/meal, and 1.5 g free glucose/meal. Only 110 g starch and 4.1 g free glucose reached the duodenal cannulas, suggesting that digestion and absorption of up to 92 g glucose had taken place anterior to the pancreatic ducts.

Forage and sheep production from oats, rape and vetch sown in autumn with or without nitrogen fertilizer

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Spurway ◽  
JL Wheeler ◽  
DA Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

Oats (Avena sativa cv. Acacia), vetch (Vicia dasycarpa cv, Lana) and rape (Brassica napus cv. Rangi) were sown with or without 67 kg ha-1 nitrogen (N) in the autumns of 1969 and 1970 at Armidale, N.S.W. In both years the crops were rotationally grazed by sheep in late winter and spring at two fixed stocking rates (experiment 1). When grazing began in both years oat dry matter (DM) availability was approximately double that of vetch and rape. Oats remained highly productive in successive grazing periods whereas the recovery of vetch after the first grazing was slow. At the high stocking rates employed the rape crops were overgrazed and failed to regrow. Fertilizer N increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent and N content by 20 to 40 per cent, but neither vetch nor rape responded significantly. Minimum nitrogen contents of oats, rape and vetch were respectively 1.3, 2.7 and 4.0 per cent. Digestible organic matter content of the three forages exceeded 74 per cent throughout the experiment. Daily rates of liveweight gain per sheep were not significantly different on the three crops in the first grazing period. Daily gain per sheep responded significantly to fertilizer N only on oats in the second period in 1970 (P < 0.05). The total liveweight gain ha-1 pooled over all periods was much greater on oats than on vetch or rape. Clean wool per day tended to be higher on vetch than on the other crops but total wool production per hectare was greatest from oats in both years because of the longer period of grazing it provided. In a supplementary experiment (experiment 2) in 1969 the crops were grazed at an initially uniform stocking pressure (1 sheep per 10 kg dry matter available). Sheep grazing vetch gained 146 g head-1 day-1 which was faster than sheep on oats (92 g head-1 day-1) or rape (66 g head-1 day-1) (P < 0.05). The general effect of N fertilizer was to increase daily gain and almost double the mean gain per hectare.

A note on supplements for dairy cows offered silage of high digestibility

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
W. C. Retter ◽  
J. D. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYGrass silage with a dry-matter content of 20·7%, and containing 18·9% crude protein and 67·0% digestible organic matter in the dry matter was self-fed to 20 lactating dairy cows for 18 weeks. In addition, 9 kg of brewers' grains with a dry-matter content of 28·8% was offered to each cow daily. The two supplement treatments were a barley mix and a groundnut cube containing 11·9 and 33·5% crude protein in the dry matter respectively. The barley was given at the rate of 4 kg/10 kg milk, and the groundnut at 1·5 kg/10 kg milk. The mean daily yields of milk were 18·9 and 19·4 kg/cow on the barley and groundnut treatments respectively and did not differ significantly.

scholarly journals Role of rumen protozoa in nitrogen digestion in sheep given two isonitrogenous diets

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ushida ◽  
J. P. Jouany ◽  
P. Thivend
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phase Retention ◽  
Microbial N

1. The effect of protozoa on digestion in the rumen was studied using either defaunated or faunated sheep.2. Six wethers, each fitted with rumen and simple duodenal cannulas, were given two isonitrogenous diets containing either lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (diet L) or sodium hydroxide-treated wheat straw (diet S). The diets were given in eight equal portions per day at 3-h intervals. The mean intake of dry matter, 53 g/kg body-weight0.75per d, was similar for the two diets and each diet had a similar digestible organic matter content. Diet L promoted a large protozoal population and was rich in nitrogen sources of low rumen-degradability, while diet S supported a smaller protozoal population and was rich in rumen-degradable N.3. Digesta flow at the duodenum was estimated by means of a dual-marker technique using chromium-mordanted lucerne hay and polyethylene glycol as markers. The microbial flow at the duodenum was estimated using diaminopimelic acid (DAPA), nucleic-acid purine bases (PB) and35S incorporation simultaneously. The different microbial markers were compared in the defaunated sheep. Protozoal N contribution was estimated in faunated sheep.4. Defaunated sheep had lower rumen ammonia concentrations and molar proportions of butyric acid than faunated sheep, but they had higher molar proportions of propionic acid.5. Rumen organic matter digestion was reduced by defaunation, but this decrease was compensated for by increased intestinal digestion.6. There was a net increase of N flow (approximately 10 g/d) between mouth and duodenum in defaunated sheep. This was explained by increases in both microbial and dietary N flows from the rumen compared with faunated sheep.7. The influence of protozoa on solid- and liquid-phase retention times in the rumen is discussed, as well as the protozoal contribution to microbial N flow in the duodenum of faunated sheep.

The effect of supplementary protein on the performance of dairy cows offered grass silage ad libitum

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Laird ◽  
A. T. Leggate ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Grazing Period

ABSTRACTSixty-four lactating dairy cows (Ayrshire, British Friesian and Shorthorn × Ayrshire) were offered grass silage with a dry-matter content of 258 g/kg, and containing 75 g/kg digestible crude protein and 64·6% digestible organic matter in the dry matter for an average period of 16·7 weeks. The control and supplemented groups, each of 32 cows, received concentrates containing on a fresh basis 14% and 18% crude protein respectively which were offered at the rate of 0·4 kg/kg milk for yields above 2·3 kg/day. The mean daily yields of milk were 17·4 and 19·5 kg/cow, silage dry-matter intake 8·16 and 9·00 kg/cow per day and concentrate dry-matter intake 5·36 and 5·94 kg/cow per day on the control and supplemented treatments respectively and these differences were highly significant. The treatments had no significant effects on milk yield and composition in the post-experimental grazing period.

Effect of Weaning and Natural Suckling on the Colostrum, Milk and Dry Matter Intake and Growth Performance of Sahiwal Calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranay Bharti ◽  
M.L. Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
The Mean

Background: The young calves are the future replacement stock in any farm. Traditionally calves are allowed to suckle their dams while in modern intensive dairy farming calves get separated from the dam. The current study was aimed to find the influence of weaning and natural suckling on the colostrum, milk and dry matter intake growth performance of Sahiwal calves. Methods: Twelve newborn Sahiwal calves were selected and divided into 2 groups, one group was weaned from their dams immediately after birth (weaned group) and another allowed to suckle their dam (suckled group). The parameters were taken daily for colostrum intake, weekly for milk intake and fortnightly for total dry matter intake (from milk, green fodder and concentrate), body weight and average body weight gain. Result: The mean daily colostrum intake during the first 3 feedings were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in weaned calves as compared to suckled calves. The mean daily milk intake was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in suckled (3.37 kg/day) as compared to weaned (2.80 kg/day) calves whereas average total dry matter intake did not differ between weaned and suckled calves. The mean final body weights at 12th fortnight was only numerically higher in suckled group of calves as compared to weaned group of calves while the overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in case of suckled calves (0.419±0.012 kg/day) than weaned (0.377±0.009) group of Sahiwal calves. It was concluded that the colostrum and milk intake performance as well as the final body weight and average daily body weight gain was improved in naturally suckled Sahiwal calves as compared to weaned calves.

Methane emissions from young and mature dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
H. Clark ◽  
S. Muetzel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean

Daily methane (CH4) emissions (g) and CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) were measured from 10 dairy heifers (<1 year old) and nine rumen-fistulated cows (>6 years old) fed ryegrass (Lolium perenne) chaffage indoors. The CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique in four ~5-day periods beginning in June 2008 and repeated 4, 6 and 7 months later. Respiratory chambers were used in four ~13-day periods beginning in November 2008 and repeated 2, 5 and 6 months later. Third and fourth sulfur hexafluoride tracer periods overlapped with the first and second chamber measurement periods, respectively. Averaged over the four measurement periods the CH4 yields determined using both techniques were similar for heifers and cows. The mean CH4 yield estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique was 25.3 ± 0.52 for heifers and 24.1 ± 0.55 for mature cows, whereas the mean CH4 yield measured in respiratory chambers was 23.7 ± 0.66 for heifers and 23.6 ± 0.66 for mature cows. Averaged over the eight measurements irrespective of technique, CH4 yields for heifers (24.5 ± 0.42) and cows (23.8 ± 0.43) were similar. There was also no difference between CH4 methods for assessing CH4 yield during the overlapping measurement periods. It was concluded that no consistent differences in CH4 yield existed between heifers and mature cows. Therefore, we do not recommend adoption of an age-related emission factor for cattle in the national inventory calculations for New Zealand.

scholarly journals Sorption of Clomazone in Brazilian Soils with Different Physical and Chemical Attributes1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽  
L.H. BARCELLOS JR. ◽  
V.A. GONÇALVES ◽  
D.V. SILVA ◽  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Soils

ABSTRACT Knowledge of herbicides sorption by colloids predicts its movement in the soil profile and its effectiveness in controlling weeds and crops poisoning when directly applied to the soil. This knowledge becomes even more important for herbicides which have long persistence in the soil. In this research, clomazone sorption was estimated by the biological method in Brazilian soil samples with different physical and chemical characteristics, cultivated with sugarcane crops. As an indicator of the presence of clomazone in the soil, Sorghum bicolor was used. The data relating to assessments of poisoning and accumulation of dry matter of the plants were subjected to multivariate analysis of similarity among variables. After that, clomazone doses that caused 50% of intoxication in sorghum plants grown (C50) as well as sorption ratio (SR) of the herbicide in different soil types were estimated. There was similarity greater than 80% for data regarding the percentage of intoxication and accumulated dry matter, with the option to use only those related to the first variable. RS and C50 were higher in Organosol and lower in red-yellow Latosol with and without changing the pH. It was concluded that the clomazone dose to be recommended must be differentiated for different soils, since the value of clomazone sorption in the soil is dependent on its attributes, and the organic matter content is of the utmost importance.

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