Distribution of aluminium from alum sludge in water and sediment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Abdullah ◽  
I Baba ◽  
S Sarmani ◽  
Erdawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Aluminium Concentration ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Aluminium Species

Aluminium sulfate is generally used as a primary coagulant in most municipal water treatment plants. The sludge produced is often discharged back into the river. Depending on the physicochemical properties of the river water, aluminium from the sludge will become soluble and form various species that may be toxic to aquatic life. This study is an attempt to look at the effect of alum sludge dumping on the distribution of various aluminium species in the Linggi River of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, which is used as source of raw water for the Linggi Water Treatment Plant. The result showed that the total aluminium concentrations in the five sampling stations located upstream and downstream of the dumping point along the river were 0.48-1.14 mg L-1, of which labile aluminium was 0.37-0.56 mg L-1 and non-labile aluminium was 0.12-0.58 mg L-1. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in aluminium concentration in the water along the river. However, total aluminium concentration in the sediments increased significantly downstream from the water plant, indicating that aluminium from the sludge dumping may accumulate in the sediment.

Effect of adding alum sludge from water treatment plant on sewage sludge dewatering

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Ting Ma ◽  
Ailan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Alum Sludge

Effect of surfactant on alum sludge conditioning and dewaterability

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruhsing Pan ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
C. Gang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Sludge Conditioning ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Co Precipitation

Sludge disposal has become a new challenge for the Taiwan government due to the increasing demand for better quality and greater quantity of water. In some water treatment plants, surfactant has been applied in the flotation process to improve its performance, which suggests the use of surfactant in sludge conditioning. In this study, effects of surfactants on the conditioning of the alum sludge collected from Feng-Yuan Water Treatment Plant were investigated. Surfactants of various charges, namely CTAB and SDS, were added to sludge samples in various amounts, and their effects on sludge dewaterability were evaluated. Surfactants were also added with either cationic or anionic polymers to better understand their effects on the mechanism of sludge conditioning and the feasibility as coagulant aid.Experimental results indicate that applying surfactants alone in sludge system decrease the filterability of sludge, but increase the sludge dewatering rate at optimum dosage. Cationic surfactant was proven possible as conditioning aid for the cationic polymer. The order of surfactant and polymer addition is the key to additive function. On the other hand, when the polymer of opposite charge was added with the surfactant, co-precipitation occurred which resulted in decreased filterability and dewaterability.

Analysis of Plant and Soil from Alum Sludge Farm of Drinking Water Treatment Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Ooi Chong Hoe ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Noorhisham Tan Kofli ◽  
Mushrifah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Alum Sludge

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jader Martínez Girón ◽  
Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera ◽  
Mauricio Quintero-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.

Use of chitosan in coagulation flocculation of raw water of Keddara and Beni Amrane dams

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassiba Zemmouri ◽  
Slimane Kadouche ◽  
Hakim Lounici ◽  
Madjid Hadioui ◽  
Nabil Mameri
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Different Doses

The effectiveness of chitosan as a coagulant flocculant in surface water treatment has been studied. Tests were carried out in laboratory on treated and raw water. The treated water was mixed with high and low concentrations of bentonite to simulate turbid water. This treated water provides from water treatment plant of Algiers (Boudouaou site) which is supplied by both dams of Keddara and Beni Amrane. The raw water comes directly from these two dams. Chitosan with 85% degree of deacetylation and derived from crab chitin has been used. The performance of coagulation flocculation process has been assessed by measuring the supernatant turbidity for different doses of chitosan, initial turbidity, water quality and pH. The obtained results show that chitosan can be used in a large pH range. Chitosan is effective for coagulation of bentonite suspension and for raw water with high initial turbidity. Otherwise, chitosan is inefficient for raw water with very low initial turbidity. In this case, the use of chitosan as aid coagulant with aluminium sulfate (main coagulant) allows more effectiveness in removing turbidity.

scholarly journals Characterization of Alum Sludge from Surabaya Water Treatment Plant, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizkiy Barakwan ◽  
Yulinah Trihadiningrum ◽  
Arseto Bagastyo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Alum Sludge

Characterization of Raw and Thermally Treated Alum Sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamat Yusuff Soleha ◽  
Keat Khim Ong ◽  
Wan Yunus Wan Md Zin ◽  
Ahmad Mansor ◽  
Fitrianto Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Thermally Treated

Use of alum as a coagulant in drinking water treatment process generates an alum sludge as a waste product. Since the amount of this sludge is huge, it is crucial for a water work management to properly handle and dispose of this sludge. Reuse of this alum sludge as a solid adsorbent is one of the proposed applications for this material but modification and characterization are needed to alter and identify its properties so that optimum benefits are obtained. This paper reports characterization of raw and thermally treated alum sludge. The raw alum sludge was collected from a local water treatment plant and heated at 300 °C and 800 °C for 7 hours using a furnace before characterization using scanning electron microscopy energy (SEM), thermogravimetric (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The results showed that surface morphology, thermal properties, microstructure, surface area and porosity of the sludge were affected by heating temperature whereby increase the heating temperature resulted in improved thermal stability of the sludge. The results also revealed that both raw and thermally treated alum sludge were mesoporous materials and mainly compose of quartz and kaolinite. It can be said that the sludge could be a good candidate as low cost adsorbent.

Reuse of alum sludge in clay brick manufacturing

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Elangovan ◽  
K. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Alum Sludge

When alum is used as a coagulant in a water treatment plant (WTP), a large volume of sludge is generated. The characteristics of the sludge depend strongly on the water source and the quality and quantity of the chemicals used for processing. For a plant with total suspended solids (TSS)/turbidity unit (TU) factor of 1.7, the weight of the alum sludge produced at an average alum dose of 28.2 mg/L is approximately 25 kg/MLD. Disposal of sludge in a way that is economically and environmentally sustainable is a major challenge faced by WTPs around the globe. In this study, the alum sludge generated during water treatment was used as a partial substitute for clay in a clay brick manufacturing process. Alum sludge and commercial local clay were blended in various proportions and sintered at different temperatures to produce clay-sludge bricks. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of clay-sludge bricks, such as loss on ignition (LOI), water absorption, and compressive strength, are investigated. The results from this study indicate that alum sludge could be used as a partial substitute in commercial clay bricks to a maximum of 20% without compromising the strength of the bricks.

Comparison and optimization of the performance of natural-based non-conventional coagulants in a water treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Kaji ◽  
Masoud Taheriyoun ◽  
Amir Taebi ◽  
Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aims to assess the efficiency of two natural-based coagulants, namely calcium lactate and tannic acid, and compare them with conventional coagulants, including polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride. Jar test experiments were performed on the raw inlet water of the Isfahan water treatment plant (IWTP) in Iran. Response surface methodology was implemented to design and optimize the experiments. The factors considered in the design were coagulant dose, pH, initial turbidity, and temperature. Results showed the acceptable efficiency of natural coagulants in turbidity reduction, so that they meet the potable standard levels. The final water turbidity in the optimum condition for calcium lactate, tannic acid, PACl, and ferric chloride were 0.58, 0.63, 0.56, and 0.76 NTU, respectively. The comparison between the performances of the coagulants showed no significant difference in turbidity removal. However, the sludge volume produced as well as the impact on pH alteration after coagulation–flocculation were lower when using natural coagulants than with conventional coagulants. Also, the residual aluminum for PACl measured was higher than the desired limit according to Iran's drinking water standard. Finally, the simple additive weighting method was used to rank the four coagulants based on the selected criteria. The results showed that the natural coagulants could be preferable to the conventional coagulants if the concerns regarding disinfection by-product formation due to their residual organics were resolved. Since this issue was fixed in the IWTP due to the ozonation process, calcium lactate was proposed as an efficient alternative to PACl.

scholarly journals Statistical Design of Portland cement Modified with Water Treatment Plant Sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7624-7632
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Water Treatment Plant Sludge

One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied in this investigation to study the feasibility of modifying ordinary portland cement through Water treatment plant sludge (WTSP) addition. Cement pastes were obtained from mixtures of water treatment plant sludge (WTPS), calcined sludge and ordinary portland cement (OPC) using the standard water consistency. The variation in bulk density, apparent porosity, chemically combined water and compressive strength of the prepared samples were determined over time. In most cases the addition of sludge results in a decrease in apparent porosity (26.36 - 20.40) %, but an increase in chemically combined water (22.46- 29.35), bulk density (1.78 - 1.845) g/cm3 and compressive strength (21- 85) MPa with time. The results show a recognized improvement in densification parameters when using calcined sludge which recommend their use in cement manufacturing so one could expect better economical and environmental benefits. The data obtained were analyzed using a one-way (Analysis of Variance) ANOVA. The determinations were performed in triplicate (n= 3), mean ± standard deviation (SD) values were calculated. A comparison between the means of three different groups and four curing time was performed at 5% level of significance. The ANOVA results show that there are statistically significant difference in chemically combined water property between different combination groups whereas insignificant between the different curing times, for bulk density it shows significant difference between groups in curing times and insignificant difference in combination of groups and mechanical strength shows significant difference between group of curing times and insignificant difference in groups of combination finally for apparent porosity property we didn’t find any significant difference between groups for combination of groups and curing times for the hardened pastes.

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