scholarly journals Persistent impacts of West Nile virus on North American bird populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (46) ◽  
pp. 14290-14294 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Luke George ◽  
Ryan J. Harrigan ◽  
Joseph A. LaManna ◽  
David F. DeSante ◽  
James F. Saracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
North American Bird ◽  
Avian Populations ◽  
The Impact

Since its introduction to North America in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has had devastating impacts on native host populations, but to date these impacts have been difficult to measure. Using a continental-scale dataset comprised of a quarter-million birds captured over nearly two decades and a recently developed model of WNV risk, we estimated the impact of this emergent disease on the survival of avian populations. We find that populations were negatively affected by WNV in 23 of the 49 species studied (47%). We distinguished two groups of species: those for which WNV negatively impacted survival only during initial spread of the disease (n = 11), and those that show no signs of recovery since disease introduction (n = 12). Results provide a novel example of the taxonomic breadth and persistent impacts of this wildlife disease on a continental scale. Phylogenetic analyses further identify groups (New World sparrows, finches, and vireos) disproportionally affected by temporary or persistent WNV effects, suggesting an evolutionary dimension of disease risk. Identifying the factors affecting the persistence of a disease across host species is critical to mitigating its effects, particularly in a world marked by rapid anthropogenic change.

scholarly journals Projection of Climate Change Influences on U.S. West Nile Virus Vectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Brown ◽  
Alex Young ◽  
Joceline Lega ◽  
Theodore G. Andreadis ◽  
Jessica Schurich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Vectors ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While estimates of the impact of climate change on health are necessary for health care planners and climate change policy makers, models to produce quantitative estimates remain scarce. This study describes a freely available dynamic simulation model parameterized for three West Nile virus vectors, which provides an effective tool for studying vectorborne disease risk due to climate change. The Dynamic Mosquito Simulation Model is parameterized with species-specific temperature-dependent development and mortality rates. Using downscaled daily weather data, this study estimates mosquito population dynamics under current and projected future climate scenarios for multiple locations across the country. Trends in mosquito abundance were variable by location; however, an extension of the vector activity periods, and by extension disease risk, was almost uniformly observed. Importantly, midsummer decreases in abundance may be offset by shorter extrinsic incubation periods, resulting in a greater proportion of infective mosquitoes. Quantitative descriptions of the effect of temperature on the virus and mosquito are critical to developing models of future disease risk.

West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations

Nature ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 447 (7145) ◽  
pp. 710-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. LaDeau ◽  
A. Marm Kilpatrick ◽  
Peter P. Marra
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
North American Bird ◽  
Virus Emergence

scholarly journals The impact of weather and storm water management ponds on the transmission of West Nile virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 170017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyuan Wang ◽  
Wendy Pons ◽  
Jessica Fang ◽  
Huaiping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Storm Water Management ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
The Impact

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world and the spread is influenced by complex factors including weather conditions and urban environmental settings like storm water management ponds (SWMP). The purpose of this work was to develop an ordinary differential equation model to explore the impacts of SWMP, temperature and precipitation on WNV vector abundance and the transmission of WNV between mosquito and bird populations. The model was used to analyse how weather conditions and SWMP can influence the basic reproduction number. The results found that an excess of precipitation and fiercer intraspecific competition will reduce vector population and the peak value of infectious vectors and birds. This information can be used to identify measures that would be useful to control larval abundance in SWMP and the transmission of WNV.

scholarly journals When to Spray: a Time-Scale Calculus Approach to Controlling the Impact of West Nile Virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Thomas ◽  
Marion Weedermann ◽  
Lora Billings ◽  
Joan Hoffacker ◽  
Robert A. Washington-Allen
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Time Scale Calculus ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Light pollution increases West Nile virus competence of a ubiquitous passerine reservoir species

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1907) ◽  
pp. 20191051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Kernbach ◽  
Daniel J. Newhouse ◽  
Jeanette M. Miller ◽  
Richard J. Hall ◽  
Justin Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
The Many

Among the many anthropogenic changes that impact humans and wildlife, one of the most pervasive but least understood is light pollution. Although detrimental physiological and behavioural effects resulting from exposure to light at night are widely appreciated, the impacts of light pollution on infectious disease risk have not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that artificial light at night (ALAN) extends the infectious-to-vector period of the house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ), an urban-dwelling avian reservoir host of West Nile virus (WNV). Sparrows exposed to ALAN maintained transmissible viral titres for 2 days longer than controls but did not experience greater WNV-induced mortality during this window. Transcriptionally, ALAN altered the expression of gene regulatory networks including key hubs (OASL, PLBD1 and TRAP1) and effector genes known to affect WNV dissemination (SOCS). Despite mounting anti-viral immune responses earlier, transcriptomic signatures indicated that ALAN-exposed individuals probably experienced pathogen-induced damage and immunopathology, potentially due to evasion of immune effectors. A simple mathematical modelling exercise indicated that ALAN-induced increases of host infectious-to-vector period could increase WNV outbreak potential by approximately 41%. ALAN probably affects other host and vector traits relevant to transmission, and additional research is needed to advise the management of zoonotic diseases in light-polluted areas.

Effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases: an updated focus on West Nile virus in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Paz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract One of the main impacts of climate change on health is the influence on vector-borne diseases (VBDs). During the last few years, yearly outbreaks of the West Nile virus (WNV) have occurred in many locations, providing evidence of ongoing transmission. Currently, it is the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world. Increases in ambient temperature have impacts on WNV transmission. Indeed, clear associations were found between warm conditions and WNV outbreaks in various areas. The impact of changes in rainfall patterns on the incidence of the disease is influenced by the amount of precipitation (increased rainfall, floods or droughts), depending on the local conditions and the differences in the ecology and sensitivity of the species of mosquito. Predictions indicate that for WNV, increased warming will result in latitudinal and altitudinal expansions of regions climatically suitable for transmission, particularly along the current edges of its transmission areas. Extension of the transmission season is also predicted. As models show that the current climate change trends are expected to continue, it is important to reinforce WNV control efforts and increase the resilience of population health. For a better preparedness, any assessment of future transmission of WNV should consider the impacts of the changing climate.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cycling Temperature on the Transmission of West Nile Virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Danforth ◽  
William K. Reisen ◽  
Christopher M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cycling Temperature
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document