Describing buoys from the perspective of discourse markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-240
Author(s):  
Sílvia Gabarró-López

Abstract This paper provides a description of the distribution of buoys across genres and of their possible functions as discourse markers in French Belgian Sign Language. We selected a sample of dialogic genres – argumentative, explanatory, narrative, and metalinguistic – produced by different signers from the LSFB Corpus. In our dataset, buoys are unequally distributed across genres, and list and fragment buoys are the most frequent. Apart from a pointer and a point buoy, only some list buoys have discourse-marking functions, including enumeration, alternative, and addition. On the basis of the distribution of all types of buoys, the narrative dialogic genre is the most different as compared to the other three genres. It is characterized by a lower frequency of list buoys and a higher frequency of fragment buoys. When focusing on discourse-marking buoys, the explanatory genre attracts the highest number of tokens, which we relate to the higher degree of preparation as compared to the other genres.


Author(s):  
Hezhen Hu ◽  
Wengang Zhou ◽  
Junfu Pu ◽  
Houqiang Li

Sign language recognition (SLR) is a challenging problem, involving complex manual features (i.e., hand gestures) and fine-grained non-manual features (NMFs) (i.e., facial expression, mouth shapes, etc .). Although manual features are dominant, non-manual features also play an important role in the expression of a sign word. Specifically, many sign words convey different meanings due to non-manual features, even though they share the same hand gestures. This ambiguity introduces great challenges in the recognition of sign words. To tackle the above issue, we propose a simple yet effective architecture called Global-Local Enhancement Network (GLE-Net), including two mutually promoted streams toward different crucial aspects of SLR. Of the two streams, one captures the global contextual relationship, while the other stream captures the discriminative fine-grained cues. Moreover, due to the lack of datasets explicitly focusing on this kind of feature, we introduce the first non-manual-feature-aware isolated Chinese sign language dataset (NMFs-CSL) with a total vocabulary size of 1,067 sign words in daily life. Extensive experiments on NMFs-CSL and SLR500 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.



2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Muflihah Muflihah

Most of the generation (Arabic linguistic academics) have not comprehended the linguistic theories which initiated by Al-Jahid. This study aims to research on the concept of communication with the signs in Al-Jahid works. To identify these problems in depth and thoroughly, qualitative descriptive study was used. The primary data sources of this research were various sources, mainly Al Jahid book with documentation from the works of Al-Jahid and observation techniques based on the other books about Jahid ‘s point of view, such as Kamal Bisyri and other linguists. The results of this study concluded that: Al-Jahiz is an Arabic language expert who discussed the theory of non-verbal communication. In the case of learning a language, we also have to comprehend the theory of communication, especially communication with signs by Al-Jahiz. His thoughts were followed by several contemporary scholars. Thus, it is highly recommended to the Arabic researchesr to figure out the works of previous Arabic scholars which had been discussing about contemporary linguistic.



2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kern

Abstract The present study analyzes the use of quotatives in Spanish among twenty-four Spanish-English bilinguals from Southern Arizona and assesses the possible influence of English contact in their use. Cameron (1998) defines the envelope of variation of quotatives in Spanish as verbs of direct report, bare-noun phrases, and null quotatives. This study identifies a fourth strategy of quotative discourse markers. A detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the linguistic conditioning of these four strategies of direct quotation according to content of the quote and grammatical person points to the fact that quotative discourse markers appear to be conditioned differently than the other three strategies, but contact with English does not play a decisive role in their use. These results contribute to our knowledge of Spanish in the United States and variation in quotative systems by expanding on Cameron’s (1998) study to explore the quotative system of the Spanish of the U.S. Southwest and adding an analysis of quotative discourse markers.



2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Sílvia Gabarró-López


1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
Edward J. Hass ◽  
Karen M. Sams

This experiment tested the hypothesis that syntactic constituents in American Sign Language (ASL) serve as perceptual units. We adapted the strategy first employed by Fodor and Bever in 1965 in a study of the psychological reality of linguistic speech segments. Four deaf subjects were shown ASL sign sequences constructed to contain a single constituent break. The dependent measure was the subjective location of a light flash occurring during the sign sequence. The prediction that the flashes would be attracted to the constituent boundary was supported for two of the subjects, while the other two showed random placement of the flash location on either side of the constituent boundary. The two subjects not performing in the predicted direction were more proficient in English (written) than the two giving the effect. It was suggested that this relatively greater proficiency may have interfered in some way with the ASL syntax to produce the results obtained.



Author(s):  
Clélia Nogueira ◽  
Edna Machado

Tem como propósito analisar os resultados de pesquisas realizadas com crianças surdas acerca do desenvolvimento cognitivo, com base na teoria psicogenética de Jean Piaget. A primeira teve como objetivo investigar o desenvolvimento das estruturas de classificação, seriação e conservação do número em crianças surdas em idade pré-escolar. A segunda avaliou o desenvolvimento de crianças surdas com idade variando entre 12 e 14 anos, ou seja, as estruturas referentes aos períodos operatório-concreto e operatório-formal, segundo a teoria psicogenética. Uma terceira pesquisa, desenvolvida sob a orientação de uma das pesquisadoras, tinha como objetivo verificar se as crianças surdas educadas sob a concepção bilíngüe apresentavam diferenças no desenvolvimento cognitivo em relação àquelas examinadas nas duas anteriores. Todas as três pesquisas foram desenvolvidas a partir do método clínico tal como idealizado por Piaget. A análise dos resultados nos permite afirmar que a tese piagetiana da insuficiência da linguagem para a construção das estruturas cognitivas está confirmada em nossos estudos, mas, por outro lado, podemos dizer que os resultados nos apontam para a existência de outros fatores que precisam ser compreendidos no desenvolvimento cognitivo do surdo. A adoção da língua de sinais é um avanço na concepção da surdez e, com certeza, permite ao surdo ampliar seu universo de relações afetivas e sociais com seus pares, mas entendemos que a adoção da abordagem bilíngüe não é a solução definitiva para a educação dos surdos. Apesar de ser imprescindível que os surdos aprendam, o mais cedo possível, uma língua de sinais, a sua educação, nos parece, necessita ainda de um cuidado especial. Palavras-chave: surdez; desenvolvimento cognitivo dos surdos; bilingüismo. Abstract Results from research with deaf children and their cognitive development are analyzed by Piaget's psychogenetic theory. Whereas the first research investigated the development of classification, series listing and number conservation in pre-school deaf children, the second evaluated the development of 12-14-year-old deaf children, or rather, the structures comprising the concrete operatory and formal operatory periods of the psychogenetic theory. A third research, undertaken by one of the authors, verified whether deaf children who received bilingual education showed any differences in cognitive development in contrast to those in the former two researches. The three researches have been developed according to Piaget's clinical method. Results show that our analysis confirmed Piaget's thesis of language insufficiency for the construction of cognitive structures. On the other hand, results also indicate other factors that must be understood with regard to deaf people's cognitive development. The use of the natural language for the deaf, or sign language, is a landmark in the knowledge on deafness and will help deaf people to broaden their affective and social relationships with their peers. The adoption of the bilingual approach will not be the definite solution for the education of deaf people. Although deaf people must learn sign language as early as possible, special care should be dispensed in the course of their educational formation. Keywords: deafness; cognitive development of deaf people; bilingualism.



2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Pritesh Ambavane ◽  
Rahul Karjavkar ◽  
Hemant Pathare ◽  
Shubham Relekar ◽  
Bhavana Alte ◽  
...  

Human Beings know each other and contact with themselves through thoughts and ideas.The best way to present our idea is through speech. Some people don’t have the power of speech; the only way they communicate with others is through sign language. Now a days technology has reduced the gap through systems which can be used to change the sign language used by these people to speech. Sign language recognition (SLR) and gesture-based control are two major applications used for hand gesture recognition technologies. On the other side the controller converts the sign language in to the text and speech which gets converted with the help of text to speech conversion and analog to digital conversion. A Dumb person throughout the world uses sign language for the communication.The best way to present our idea is through speech. Some people don’t have the power of speech; the only way they communicate with others is through sign language. Now a days technology has reduced the gap through systems which can be used to change the sign language used by these people to speech. Sign language recognition (SLR) and gesture-based control are two major applications used for hand gesture recognition technologies. On the other side the controller converts the sign language in to the text and speech which gets converted with the help of text to speech conversion and analog to digital conversion. A Dumb person throughout the world uses sign language for the communication.



2002 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Anne Baker ◽  
Beppie van den Bogaerde

In this article, we discuss the mixed input offered by four profoundly deaf mothers and the mixed output of their deaf and hearing children. Muysken (2000) distinguishes different forms of code-mixing: insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalisation. We applied these definitions to these language data and found that the mothers used mainly the last type of code-mixing, namely congruent lexicalisation. This results in a mixed form of NGT (Nederlandse Gebarentaal, 'Dutch Sign Language') and Dutch, in which the structure of the utterance is grammatical in both NGT and Dutch. Lexical insertion also occurs, both in the basically NGT utterances and in the Dutch utterances. The deaf children (up to age three) are just beginning to become bilingual and hardly produce any mixed utterances. The hearing children, on the other hand, clearly show that they code-mix, under the influence of the language input.



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