MADS-box genes from perennial ryegrass differentially expressed during transition from vegetative to reproductive growth

Saururus chinensis is a core member of Saururaceae, an ancient, perianthless (lacking petals or sepals) family of the magnoliids in the Mesangiospermae, which is important for understanding the origin and evolution of early flowers due to its unusual floral composition and petaloid bracts. To compare their transcriptomes, RNA-seq abundance analysis identified 43,463 genes that were found to be differentially expressed in S. chinensis bracts. Of these, 5,797 showed significant differential expression, of which 1,770 were up-regulated and 4,027 down-regulated in green compared to white bracts. The expression profiles were also compared using cDNA microarrays, which identified 166 additional differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was used to verify and extend the cDNA microarray results, showing that the A and B class MADS-box genes were up-regulated in the white bracts. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on putative S. chinensis A and B-class of MADS-box genes to infer evolutionary relationships within the A and B-class of MADS-box gene family. In addition, nature selection and protein interactions of B class MADS-box proteins were inferred that B-class genes free from evolutionary pressures. The results indicate that petaloid bracts display anatomical and gene expression features normally associated with petals, as found in petaloid bracts of other species, and support an evolutionarily conserved developmental program for petaloid bracts.

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Differentially Expressed Genes between Carrot Petaloid Cytoplasmic Male Sterile and Maintainer during Floral Development

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53717-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bo Liu ◽

Chenggang Ou ◽

Shumin Chen ◽

Qiongwen Cao ◽

Zhiwei Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Floral Development ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Nuclear Interaction ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Intrinsic Stress ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Cms Line

AbstractPetaloid cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited loss of male fertility due to the complete conversion of stamens into petal-like organs, and CMS lines have been widely utilized in carrot breeding. Petaloid CMS is an ideal model not only for studying the mitochondrial–nuclear interaction but also for discovering genes that are essential for floral organ development. To investigate the comprehensive mechanism of CMS and homeotic organ alternation during carrot flower development, we conducted transcriptome analysis between the petaloid CMS line (P2S) and its maintainer line (P2M) at four flower developmental stages (T1–T4). A total of 2838 genes were found to be differentially expressed, among which 1495 genes were significantly downregulated and 1343 genes were significantly upregulated in the CMS line. Functional analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, plant hormone signal transduction, and biosynthesis. A total of 16 MADS-box genes were grouped into class A, B, C, and E, but not class D, genes. Several key genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation showed continuously low expression from stage T2 in P2S, and the expression of DcPI and DcAG-like genes also greatly decreased at stage T2 in P2S. This indicated that energy deficiency might inhibit the expression of B- and C-class MADS-box genes resulting in the conversion of stamens into petals. Stamen petaloidy may act as an intrinsic stress, upregulating the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes and MADS-box genes at stages T3 and T4 in P2S, which results in some fertile revertants. This study will provide a better understanding of carrot petaloid CMS and floral development as a basis for further research.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel and ovule development.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1014213.193284 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Guenter Theissen

Keyword(s):

Ovule Development ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Petaloidy and petal identity MADS-box genes in the balsaminoid genera Impatiens and Marcgravia.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1033833.387918 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Kellogg

Keyword(s):

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes ◽

Petal Identity

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Comparative evolutionary analysis of MADS-box genes inArabidopsisthalianaand A.lyrata

Biodiversity Science ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1003.2010.109 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xue Haoyue ◽

Xu Guixia ◽

Guo Chunce ◽

Shan Hongyan ◽

Kong Hongzhi

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes

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Genome-wide identification and analysis of the MADS-box gene family and its potential role in fruit ripening in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.)

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-200679 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Yaqiong Wu ◽

Chunhong Zhang ◽

Wenlong Wu ◽

Weilin Li ◽

Lianfei Lyu

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Type I ◽

Black Raspberry ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Mads Box Gene

BACKGROUND: Black raspberry is a vital fruit crop with a high antioxidant function. MADS-box genes play an important role in the regulation of fruit development in angiosperms. OBJECTIVE: To understand the regulatory role of the MADS-box family, a total of 80 MADS-box genes were identified and analyzed. METHODS: The MADS-box genes in the black raspberry genome were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Through an analysis of the promoter elements, the possible functions of different members of the family were predicted. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of members of the MADS-box family during black raspberry fruit development and ripening were systematically analyzed. RESULTS: The genes were classified into type I (Mα: 33; Mβ: 6; Mγ: 10) and type II (MIKC *: 2; MIKCC: 29) genes. We also obtained a complete overview of the RoMADS-box gene family through phylogenetic, gene structure, conserved motif, and cis element analyses. The relative expression analysis showed different expression patterns, and most RoMADS-box genes were more highly expressed in fruit than in other tissues of black raspberry. CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that the MADS-box gene family is involved in the regulation of fruit ripening processes in black raspberry.

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