Major pest species in Papua New Guinea.

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Meredith C. Romig
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract This chapter provides information on the occurrence, distribution and host plants of major fruit fly species in Papua New Guinea, including Bactrocera bryoniae, B. frauenfeldi, B. musae, B. neohumeralis, B. papayae, B. trivialis, B. umbrosa, B. cucurbitae and B. decipiens.

The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
The Rich

Abstract The species within the Tribe Dacini from Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua (West Papua, Central Papua, Papua), associated islands and Bougainville are recorded. In all, 296 species are recorded including 65 new species described herein. The new species are treated under two genera, Bactrocera Macquart (eight subgenera) and Dacus Fabricius (three subgenera). The following new species are described and illustrated: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atriscuta, B. (B.) bisianumu, B. (B.) bogiae, B. (B.) bubiae, B. (B.) bukaensis, B. (B.) caccabata, B. (B.) centraliae, B (B.) dysoxyli, B. (B.) expandosa, B. (B.) fumica, B. (B.) gabensiae, B. (B.) kaiauiae, B. (B.) kauiae, B. (B.) keravatiae, B. (B.) kokodiae, B. (B.) kunvawaensis, B. (B.) labubulu, B. (B.) laensis, B. (B.) manusiae, B. (B.) meraiensis, B. (B.) monostriata, B. (B.) neoabdonigella, B. (B.) neoaeroginosa, B. (B.) ohuiae, B. (B.) paraendiandrae, B. (B.) paraochracea, B. (B.) pometiae, B. (B.) raunsepnaensis, B. (B.) rounaensis, B (B.) rutilana, B. (B.) saramandiae, B. (B.) sari, B. (B.) sylvania, B. (B.) tikelingiae, B. (B.) trivirgulata, B. (B.) waidoriae, B. (B.) yayamiae, Bactrocera (Bulladacus) curiosa, Bactrocera (Calodacus) insolita, Bactrocera (Hemizeugodacus) neoaglaiae, B. (H.) wilhelmiae, Bactrocera (Neozeugodacus) leblanci, Bactrocera (Semicallantra) cerberae, B. (S.) malasaitiae, Bactrocera (Tetradacus) arbuscula, B. (T.) novotnyi, B. (T.) procera, Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) aiyurae, B. (Z.) anglimpiae, B. (Z.) bainingsiae, B. (Z.) madangiae, B. (Z.) magiae, B. (Z.) mitparingii, B. (Z.) oiyaripensis, B. (Z.) parasepikae, B. (Z.) rufoscutella, B. (Z.) xanthovelata, Dacus (Callantra) nigrolobus, D. (Mellesis) alatifuscatus, Dacus (Neodacus) asteriscus, D. (N.) bimaculosus, D. (N.) curvabilis, D. (N.) kreeriae, D. (N.) lalokiae and D. (N.) neosignatifrons. Females of B. (Bactrocera) daruensis Drew, B. (Bactrocera) nigella (Drew) and B. (Bactrocera) thistletoni Drew are described and a revised description of B. (Bactrocera) torresiae Huxham & Hancock is presented. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) denigrata (Drew) is withdrawn from synonymy with B. longicornis Macquart, and a full description of B. longicornis is presented from a study of the holotype and 27 newly collected specimens. New geographical distribution, host plant and male lure records are presented for some species. The major pest species that occur in the geographical region covered by this publication are reviewed and their biosecurity risks to other regional countries discussed. The land mass of Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua contains a richer fauna than any other from South-east Asia to the eastern Pacific, presumably resulting from speciation in the rich rainforest ecosystem. Differences of opinion on the status of some species in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex and on the supraspecific classification within the genus Bactrocera are evident in the literature. We have acknowledged and discussed these differences and, as authors, have presented conclusions based on our own research data.

Materials and methods.

2022 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Meredith C. Romig
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Large numbers of dacine specimens were collected throughout Papua New Guinea by trapping and host fruit sampling. Steinertype fruit fly traps, baited with cue lure, methyl eugenol or vanillylacetone (zingerone), were set in many localities over a wide range of ecosystems. In most cases, the traps were serviced on 2-week cycles for at least 1 year. Samples of rainforest and cultivated fruits were collected in some provinces. All specimens collected were preserved in a dry state and sent to R.A.I. Drew at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, for microscopic identification and curation. Data and photographs of Bactrocera longicornis were received from the Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. The subgeneric classification used herein follows Drew and Hancock (2016) and Hancock and Drew (2006, 2015, 2016, 2017a,b,c,d,e, 2018a,b,c, 2019).

scholarly journals Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a New Guinea rain forest

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Novotny ◽  
Anthony R. Clarke ◽  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Solomon Balagawi ◽  
Barbara Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Single Genus

Frugivorous dacine fruit flies were studied in a lowland tropical rain forest in Papua New Guinea to determine their host specificity, abundance, and the number of species attacking various plant species. Plant species hosted 0–3 fruit fly species at median (1–3 quartile) densities of 1 (0–17) fruit flies per 100 fruits. Fruit flies were mostly specialized to a single plant family (83% species) and within each family to a single genus (88% species), while most of the species (66%) were able to feed on >1 congeneric plant species. Only 30 from the 53 studied plant species were colonized by fruit flies. The plant–fruit fly food web, including these 30 plant species and the total of 29 fruit fly species feeding on them, was divided into 14 compartments, each including 1–8 plant species hosting mutually disjunct assemblages of fruit flies. This structure minimizes indirect interactions among plant species via shared herbivores. The local species pool was estimated at 152±32 (±SE) fruit fly species. Forty per cent of all taxonomically described species known from Papua New Guinea were reared or trapped in our study area. Such a high proportion indicates low beta-diversity of fruit flies. Steiner traps were highly efficient in sampling the lure-responsive fruit fly species as they re-collected 84% of all species trapped in the same area 5 y before. Fruit fly monitoring by these traps is a cheap, simple and efficient method for the study of spatial and temporal changes in rain-forest communities.

Ant-tended scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Myzolecanium) within lowland rain forest trees in Papua New Guinea

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny J. Gullan ◽  
Ralf C. Buckley ◽  
Philip S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Host Trees

ABSTRACTEight species of Myzolecanium Beccari (Hemiptera: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) are reported from ant nests in stem cavities of living lowland rain forest trees in Papua New Guinea. The coccids are confined to this microhabitat but are associated with a taxonomically broad range of ants and host trees. Attendant ants belonged to six species in three genera and two subfamilies: Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe (Dolichoderinae), Crematogaster Lund (Myrmicinae) and Podomyrma F. Smith (Myrmicinae). Host plants belonged to at least five families and included both apparently specialized (with domatia) and unspecialized species. Saplings containing the nests of Anonychomyrma scrutator (F. Smith), Anonychomyrma sp. 1 and Podomyrma laevifrons F. Smith were dissected and the structure of nest chambers and their contents recorded. Only some chambers had entrance holes, but many were interconnected by transverse passages. The coccids were in low numbers and fairly evenly distributed between ant-occupied chambers. The characteristics of the Myzolecanium-ant association, the role of the coccids as trophobionts, and the nature of the plant associations are discussed. Taxonomically, new combinations are proposed by P. J. Gullan for three species previously placed in Cryptostigma Ferris: Myzolecanium endoeucalyptus (Qin & Gullan), M. magnetinsulae (Qin & Gullan), and M. robertsi (Williams & Watson).

Corrigendum to: Rodent management issues in South Pacific islands: a review with case studies from Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Peter R. Brown ◽  
Ken P. Aplin ◽  
Lyn A. Hinds ◽  
Jens Jacob ◽  
Sarah E. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The South ◽  
South Pacific Islands ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Rodents are a key pest to agricultural and rural island communities of the South Pacific, but there is limited information of their impact on the crops and livelihoods of small-scale farmers. The rodent pest community is known, but the type and scales of damage to different crops on different islands are unknown. Knowledge about rodent pest management in other geographical regions may not be directly transferable to the Pacific region. Many studies on islands have largely focussed on the eradication of rodents from uninhabited islands for conservation benefits. These broadscale eradication efforts are unlikely to translate to inhabited islands because of complex social and agricultural issues. The livelihoods, culture and customs of poor small-scale farmers in the South Pacific have a large bearing on the current management of rodents. The aim of the present review was to describe the rodent problems, impacts and management of rodents on South Pacific islands, and identify gaps for further research. We compared and contrasted two case studies. The situation in Papua New Guinea is emergent as several introduced rodent species are actively invading new areas with wide-ranging implications for human livelihoods and conservation. In Vanuatu, we show how rodent damage on cocoa plantations can be reduced by good orchard hygiene through pruning and weeding, which also has benefits for the management of black pod disease. We conclude that (1) damage levels are unknown and unreported, (2) the impacts on human health are unknown, (3) the relationships between the pest species and their food sources, breeding and movements are not known, and (4) the situation in Papua New Guinea may represent an emergent crisis that warrants further investigation. In addition, there is a need for greater understanding of the invasive history of pest rodents, so as to integrate biological information with management strategies. Ecologically based rodent management can be achieved on Pacific Islands, but only after significant well funded large-scale projects are established and rodent ecologists are trained. We can learn from experiences from other locations such as Southeast Asia to guide the way.

Nacoleia octasema. [Distribution map].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Nacoleia octasema (Meyr.) (Lamprosema octasema Meyr.) (Lep., Pyralidae) (Banana Scab Moth). Host Plants: Banana, Manila hemp, maize, Nipa palm, Heliconia, Pandanus. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Fiji, New Celedonia, New Hebrides, Papua New Guinea, Samoa Solomon Islands, Tonga, Wallis Islands, Irian Jaya.

Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc De Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
African Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Environmental Requirements

Abstract C. rosa is a polyphagous African species. Its known distribution is mainly southern and eastern Africa. It is considered to be a major pest of a number of commercial fruits, including fruits that are grown in subtropical or more temperate environments (but see remark under host plants). It has similar environmental requirements to Ceratitis capitata except that it can withstand less dry conditions. It should be considered as a potential invasive species in other parts of Africa, outside its current range, and in other parts of the world (Tanga et al., 2018). The most likely pathway of dispersal and introduction is as larvae in infested fruits with commercial shipments or in the luggage of travellers. C. rosa is of quarantine significance for EPPO, JUNAC and OIRSA.

Puccinia citricolor. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Unidentified Species

Abstract A description is provided for P. citricolor. Information on dispersal and transmission, geographical distribution (Papua New Guinea), and host plants (an unidentified species of Smilax) is included.

Andaspis dasi Williams identical with A. numerata Brimblecombe (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a species found on tea and associated with the fungus Septobasidium

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Short Account ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Area

AbstractAndaspis dasi Williams, which was described from India, is made a synonym of A. numerata Brimblecombe, which was described from Australia. The species is now known from several localities and host-plants in the Pacific area and is often found on tea. A short account is given of its association with the fungus Septobasidium in Papua New Guinea.

Release and establishment of the baculovirus disease of Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Papua New Guinea

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gorick
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Release Site ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Western Samoa ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
New Britain ◽  
Establishment Phase

AbstractOryctes rhinoceros (L.) is a major pest of coconut palms in Papua New Guinea but has a limited distribution within the country. Pre-release monitoring showed that no baculovirus disease was present in the country prior to its importation. A consignment of O. rhinoceros larvae infected with a baculovirus disease was imported into Papua New Guinea from Western Samoa in 1977. The virus proved highly infectious to both larvae and adults of the local population of O. rhinoceros. During 1978 and 1979, adults were perorally infected with the baculovirus and released at nine sites on Manus Island, four sites on New Ireland and twelve sites on the Gazelle Peninsula of East New Britain. The infected adults were active disseminators of the virus into the field population, and the virus became established at nearly all the release sites. The shortest time between virus release and recapture of newly infected adults from a release site was eight weeks. Three different examples indicated the virus spread at approximately 1 km/month. During a fourteen-week period in the early establishment phase, significantly more females than males were collected in traps but a significantly higher percentage of the males was infected.

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