Trirachys holosericeus (apple stem borer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Rapid Transport ◽  
Crown Dieback

Abstract Trirachys holosericeus, a highly polyphagous longhorned beetle, is native to southern Asia from Pakistan to the Philippines. It is a stem-boring pest in natural and planted forests and fruit trees. It attacks primarily hardwoods, and at least one conifer. Both healthy and stressed trees are attacked, often leading to crown dieback and possibly tree death after one or more years of infestation. Cut logs can remain attractive to egg-laying adults for nearly a year after felling. T. holosericeus has not become established outside its native range of Asia, but it could be moved inadvertently in live plants, logs, and solid wood packaging. Chemical treatments, including injecting insecticides into active galleries, are often used on live trees, especially fruit trees. In forest stands, heavily infested trees are often cut and destroyed. For recently cut logs, rapid transport to sawmills and quick utilization, or at least debarking, are recommended.

Annona muricata (soursop).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Jennifer Datiles ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Old World ◽  
Evergreen Tree ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A. muricata is a small evergreen tree up to 9 m tall. It is native to tropical America but is widely planted in home gardens in South-East Asia. In Brazil, several small commercial plantations are in operation (about 2000 hectares are planted) with more planned. It was one of the earliest fruit trees introduced to the old world, brought to the Philippines by the Spanish. It is valued chiefly for its edible fruits, which are large (> 1 kg), heart-shaped and dark green in colour. The flesh is tart, desirable for ice creams and drinks, fruit jellies and sweetcakes. In the Philippines, young fruits with seeds still soft are used as a vegetable.

scholarly journals A synopsis of the orchid weevil genus Orchidophilus Buchanan (Curculionidae, Baridinae), with taxonomic rectifications and description of one new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1783 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENS PRENA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Native Range ◽  
One New Species

Six species of the weevil genus Orchidophilus Buchanan are recognized: O. epidendri (Murray) comb. n. (=Acythopeus genuinus Pascoe syn. n., =Baris orchivora Blackburn syn. n., =Apotomorhinus orchidearum Kolbe syn. n.), O. aterrimus (Waterhouse), O. eburifer (Pascoe) comb. n. (=Acythopeus gilvonotatus Barber syn. n.), O. peregrinator Buchanan, O. ran Morimoto and O. insidiosus Prena sp. n. These species appear to be native to Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore but are dispersed frequently with orchid cultivars by global trade. Orchidophilus aterrimus has been intercepted most frequently and now is established in several Indo-Pacific regions outside its native range. Nearly as common as, and occasionally confused with, the former is O. epidendri. Orchidophilus ran is of some significance in Japan and Korea, while O. peregrinator, O. eburifer and O. insidiosus were intercepted occasionally at scattered locations before 1970. An identification key for the six species is provided. Lectotypes are designated for Baridius aterrimus Waterhouse, Acythopeus genuinus Pascoe, Baris orchivora Blackburn and Apotomorhinus orchidearum Kolbe; a neotype is designated for Centrinus epidendri Murray.

Bacillus thuringiensisisolates from the Philippines: habitat distribution, δ-endotoxin diversity, and toxicity to rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Theunis ◽  
R.M. Aguda ◽  
W.T. Cruz ◽  
C. Decock ◽  
M. Peferoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Grain Dust

AbstractBacillus thuringiensisBerliner isolates were detected in 57% of 801 samples of rice grain dust, soil, rice field arthropods, and miscellaneous habitats (rice straw compost and mammal faeces) collected at 100 sites in the Philippines. The collection yielded 3950 isolates ofB. thuringiensis(8.7 isolates/positive sample). Grain dust from rice mills was the richest source (63% of the samples were positive, with 10.2 isolates/positive sample), followed by rice field arthropods, soil, and miscellaneous habitats. Polyclonal antibodies to six δ-endotoxin groups (Cry1A, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1E, and Cry3A) were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to characterize the toxins produced by each isolate. Subsamples of isolates representing the diversity of isolate sources and δ-endotoxin profiles were bioassayed against the yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker) and striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker). Eighteen isolates highly toxic to both species were selected for characterization of δ-endotoxin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific to 14 genes or gene subfamilies, and Western blotting with Cry2A antibodies. At least two novel δ-endotoxin genes, related tocry1Bandcry1F, were detected by DNA sequencing of PCR products.

How to Fight Savage Tribes

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elbridge Colby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
International Law ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Slight Damage

In the April, 1926 number of this Journal, Professor Quincy Wright remarks, apropos of the Damascus bombardment:Does international law require the application of laws of war to peopleof a different civilization? The ancient Israelites are said to have denied the usual war restrictions to certain tribes against which they were sworn enemies, the ancient Greeks considered the rules of war recognized among Hellenes inapplicable to barbarians, and medieval Christian civilization took a similar attitude toward war with the infidel. An English writer in1906 draws attention to “ the peculiarly barbarous type of warfare which civilized powers wage against tribes of inferior civilization. When I contemplate,” he adds, “ such modem heroes as Gordon, and Kitchener, and Roberts, I find them in alliance with slave dealers or Mandarins, orcutting down fruit trees, burning farms, concentrating women and children, protecting military trains with prisoners, bribing other prisoners to fight against their fellow countrymen. These are performances which seem to take us back to the bad old times. What a terrible tale will the recording angel have to note against England and Germany in South Africa, against France in Madagascar and Tonquin, against the United States in the Philippines,against Spain in Cuba, against the Dutch in the East Indies,against the Belgians in the Congo State.” Possibly the emphasis, in most accounts of the recent bombardment of Damascus, upon the fact that relatively slight damage was done to Europeans and Americans indicates the existence of this distinction in the moral sense of western communities.

scholarly journals Review of Current Nursery Accreditation and Seedling Certification Systems for Forest and Fruit Trees in Leyte and Samar Islands, the Philippines

2010 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mangaoang
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Planting Stock

Forest nursery and seedling production in Leyte and Samar has been an unsustainable development and livelihood undertaking, the focus of which has been solely to serve the usual funded reforestation projects that merely recognize quantity rather than quality of planting materials produced. As a consequence, forest nursery and seedling production has never been established as a sustainable business venture, particularly at the smallholder and local community level. Forest nursery accreditation and planting stock certification is believed to be a sound strategy that can promote high quality forest tree seedling production which would eventually establish the activity as a lucrative livelihood venture especially for smallholders and local communities. The nursery accreditation and planting material certification experiences for fruit and forest trees in Leyte and Samar provide a useful basis and guide in developing and formalizing a system suitable for forest nursery accreditation and planting stock certification. The DA-BPI and DBP accreditation systems can serve as a guide in framing-up the physical standard for a viable and sustainable forest nursery business, with necessary consideration for smallholder operators. Both, however, lack the necessary technical menu and the required best management practices that are crucial in coming up with an improved nursery accreditation and planting stock certification scheme that is achievable and affordable, particularly for smallholder nursery operators.

scholarly journals Anredera vesicaria (Texas madeira vine).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Northern South America

Abstract Anredera vesicaria is a herbaceous vine native from the south of the USA to northern South America. It is cultivated as an ornamental for its fragrant flowers, and has been introduced in the Philippines and some Caribbean islands. It is not recorded as invasive in any country but is regarded as a potential invasive species in Cuba as it has become naturalized outside its native range, has a tendency to proliferate and has a high dispersal capacity. Although A. vesicaria appears in EDDMapS for USA, it is not included as an invasive but rather for "comparison reasons" without further details given. It is also reported in the Invasive Plant Atlas, but without any information. The species is not included in the latest FLEPPC Invasive Plant List Species.

scholarly journals Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The World

Abstract Eragrostis pilosa is an annual grass native to Eurasia and Africa that has become naturalized in many other tropical and temperate regions of the world. It is a common weed in disturbed areas such as roadsides and crop fields. It is invasive in a number of Pacific Islands, the Philippines, Australia, and North America but no further information is available about its impacts or invasiveness in natural or semi-natural habitats in its non-native range.

scholarly journals Reduction of population numbers of Melolontha spp. adults – a review of methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Woreta
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Population Numbers

Abstract The article provides information about control of Melolontha spp. adults, the methods used in the past, chemical pest control as well as treatments applied today. In old times, cockchafer populations were reduced mechanically, by manual collection during the swarming period or by covering soil surfaces to prevent egg lying by females. Chemical pest control methods were introduced in the fifties of the 1900s, and in subsequent 50 years, they were improved to be less and less environmentally threatening. In many countries, including Poland, there have recently been introduced progressive restrictions on the use of insecticides in forestry. Banning chemical treatments against cockchafers resulted in going back to traditional methods and seeking alternate solutions, e.g. biological control agents. In the 1990s, polyethylene nets were used to prevent egg laying in the soil by cockchafer females. At the same time, there was tested possible usefulness of a botanical insecticide derived from neem (Azadirachta indica) to combat cockchafer adults. The net, which needs to be spread flat on the ground, can be effective in orchards, however, in forested areas, the success of this method was limited due to the specific structure of forest land. In general, both methods stimulated no interest on the part of forestry on account of technical obstacles and too high cost of the botanical insecticide. Neglecting treatments toward reduction of cockchafer excessive numbers during their ongoing outbreak can bring about adverse changes in the forest structure.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of an Invasive Sarotherodon Species from the Atchakpa Freshwater Reservoir (Ouémé River Basin, Benin) and Comparison within S. melanotheron Using COI Markers

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya Pèlèbè ◽  
Ibrahim Imorou Toko ◽  
Erik Verheyen ◽  
Maarten Van Steenberge
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Target Species ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

The Atchakpa freshwater reservoir (Ouémé Basin, Benin) was found to harbour an unexpected population of a cichlid species that was presumed to be Sarotherodon melanotheron. This species became dominant in the reservoir and became the main fisheries target species. We applied DNA barcoding to identify this population. Besides specimens from the reservoir, we also sequenced S. melanotheron from its native range in Benin at the lower Ouémé and Sô Rivers, and from Lake Nokoué, and Porto-Novo Lagoon. High sequence similarity indicated that all specimens were conspecific. Hence, we cannot exclude that a natural range extension led to the presence of the species in the reservoir. A comparison with sequences from NCBI GenBank confirmed that all samples belonged to the subspecies S. m. melanotheron, which is native to Benin. This comparison also showed that this subspecies was previously introduced in the Philippines. We call for further studies to investigate the socioeconomic, ecological and environmental impacts of the species in the Atchakpa reservoir.

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