Measuring the response of variable bulk solid fertiliser application by computer-controlled delivery from aircraft

Author(s):  
Miles C. E. Grafton ◽  
Matthew E. Irwin ◽  
Eduardo A. Sandoval-Cruz
2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario F. Dulay ◽  
Dona K. Murphey ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yadin B. David ◽  
John H. R. Maunsell ◽  
...  

Cortical mapping with electrical stimulation (ES) in neurosurgical patients typically involves the manually controlled delivery of suprathreshold electrical current to a discrete area of the brain. Limited numbers of trials and imprecise current delivery methods increase the variability of the behavioral response and make it difficult to collect quantitative mapping data, which is especially important in research studies of human cortical function. To overcome these limitations, the authors developed a method for computer-controlled delivery of defined electrical current to implanted intracranial electrodes. They demonstrate that stimulation can be time locked to a behavioral task to rapidly and systematically measure the detection threshold for ES in human visual cortex over many trials. Computer-controlled ES is well suited for the systematic and quantitative study of the function of virtually any region of cerebral cortex. It may be especially useful for studying human cortical regions that are not well characterized and for verifying the presence of stimulation-evoked percepts that are difficult to objectively confirm.


2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülkü Şermet Elbay ◽  
Mesut Elbay ◽  
Emine Kaya ◽  
Ülkem Cilasun

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare pain, efficacy and postoperative complications of anesthesia in first primary mandibular molars anesthetized with either intraligamentary (IL) or supraperiosteal (SP) anesthesia using a computer-controlled delivery system (CCDS). Study design: This randomized, controlled-crossover, blind clinical trial was conducted with 90 children requiring bilateral extraction, pulpotomy or restorative treatment of first mandibular primary molars. A CCDS was used to deliver IL anesthesia to 1 deciduous tooth and SP anesthesia to the contralateral tooth in each patient. Severity of pain and efficacy of anesthesia during the treatments were evaluated using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (PRS) and comfort and side effects were assessed using post-injection and post-treatment questionnaires. Data were analyzed using χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: According to PRS scores, pain levels during extraction were significantly higher with IL when compared to SP. Patients reported significantly less pain during needle insertion with SP when compared to IL; however, rates of postoperative complications were significantly higher with SP when compared to IL. Conclusions: CCDS-administered IL anesthesia and SP anesthesia were similarly effective when used during restorative treatment and pulpotomy of primary mandibular molars; however, SP was more effective than IL when used during extraction procedures.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e47443 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Alan C. Mutch ◽  
Daniel M. Mandell ◽  
Joseph A. Fisher ◽  
David J. Mikulis ◽  
Adrian P. Crawley ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Prenger ◽  
Robert C. Hansen ◽  
Carolyn Glynn ◽  
Daniel A. Herms

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Mageras ◽  
K. C. Podmaniczky ◽  
R. Mohan

Author(s):  
M.F. Schmid ◽  
R. Dargahi ◽  
M. W. Tam

Electron crystallography is an emerging field for structure determination as evidenced by a number of membrane proteins that have been solved to near-atomic resolution. Advances in specimen preparation and in data acquisition with a 400kV microscope by computer controlled spot scanning mean that our ability to record electron image data will outstrip our capacity to analyze it. The computed fourier transform of these images must be processed in order to provide a direct measurement of amplitudes and phases needed for 3-D reconstruction.In anticipation of this processing bottleneck, we have written a program that incorporates a menu-and mouse-driven procedure for auto-indexing and refining the reciprocal lattice parameters in the computed transform from an image of a crystal. It is linked to subsequent steps of image processing by a system of data bases and spawned child processes; data transfer between different program modules no longer requires manual data entry. The progress of the reciprocal lattice refinement is monitored visually and quantitatively. If desired, the processing is carried through the lattice distortion correction (unbending) steps automatically.


Author(s):  
R. J. Lee ◽  
J. S. Walker

Electron microscopy (EM), with the advent of computer control and image analysis techniques, is rapidly evolving from an interpretative science into a quantitative technique. Electron microscopy is potentially of value in two general aspects of environmental health: exposure and diagnosis.In diagnosis, electron microscopy is essentially an extension of optical microscopy. The goal is to characterize cellular changes induced by external agents. The external agent could be any foreign material, chemicals, or even stress. The use of electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool is well- developed, but computer-controlled electron microscopy (CCEM) has had only limited impact, mainly because it is fairly new and many institutions lack the resources to acquire the capability. In addition, major contributions to diagnosis will come from CCEM only when image analysis (IA) and processing algorithms are developed which allow the morphological and textural changes recognized by experienced medical practioners to be quantified. The application of IA techniques to compare cellular structure is still in a primitive state.


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