Ethnicity as political cleavage: The political agenda of the Polish national minority in Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Janušauskienė

This article examines the role of ethnicity in the formation of political cleavage and is based on the analysis of the political agenda of the Polish national minority in Lithuania after the re-establishment of the independent state in 1990. It analyzes the political performance of the Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania (EAPL), an ethnic-based “niche” political party that tends to keep a monopoly over the representation of interests of the Polish minority in Lithuania and collects a vast majority of the votes of citizens of Polish origin. The article considers how specific in comparison to the titular nation the interests of the Polish national minority are, and how different in comparison to the political agendas of other political parties the political agenda of the EAPL is.

Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi

Chapter 3 investigates the process of party formation in France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy, and demonstrates the important role of cultural and societal premises for the development of political parties in the nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid in this context to the conditions in which the two mass parties, socialists and Christian democrats, were established. A larger set of Western European countries included in this analysis is thoroughly scrutinized. Despite discontent among traditional liberal-conservative elites, full endorsement of the political party was achieved at the beginning of the twentieth century. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of the interwar totalitarian party, especially under the guise of Italian and German fascism, when ‘the party’ attained its most dominant influence as the sole source and locus of power. The chapter concludes by suggesting hidden and unaccounted heritages of that experience in post-war politics.


Author(s):  
Ishaq Rahman ◽  
Elyta Elyta

ABSTRACT A country that implements the system as mentioned earlier is more towards an authoritarian system of government which aims to dominate and dominate the power of the state towards the people. Democracy cannot survive from such a closed state. In a basic concept of democracy, there is a fundamental principle, namely the principle of sovereignty of the people who run the government.Political communication is one of the many roles played by political parties in various available arrangements. The political party is required to communicate knowledge, issues and political thoughts.Constitutionally, the Government adopts a Presidential System in which the ministers in the cabinet are responsible to the president. But in practice the SBY-JK administration is more of a Parliamentary System. Keywords: political parties, democracy, SBY government


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Luthfi Widagdo Eddyono

Perubahan UUD 1945 yang dilakukan pada tahun 1999-2002 salah satunya bermaksud untuk memperkuat peran dan kedudukan partai politik dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Sebelum perubahan UUD 1945, frasa “partai politik” tersebut sama sekali tidak ada dalam naskah UUD 1945. Penguatan kedudukan partai politik tersebut terlihat pada Pasal 6A dan Pasal 8 UUD 1945 yang terkait dengan pengusulan pasangan calon presiden dan wakil presiden dan pemberian kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk memutus pembubaran partai politik (Pasal 24C UUD 1945), termasuk kedudukan partai politik sebagai peserta pemilihan umum anggota DPR dan DPRD (Pasal 22E UUD 1945). Secara kumulatif, frasa “partai politik” hanya enam kali disebutkan dalam UUD 1945. Walaupun demikian, berdasarkan original intent, sangat terasa upaya untuk memperkuat peran strategis partai politik sebagai sarana penunjang demokrasi konstitusional yang diupayakan terkonsolidasi secara berkesinambungan.Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji original intent perubahan UUD 1945 terkait dengan peran dan kedudukan partai politik dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia, termasuk dengan kebutuhan adanya desentralisasi partai politik di Indonesia. Hasilnya adalah jika dikaitkan dengan desentralisasi peran dan tanggung jawab partai politik di tingkat pusat kepada partai politik di tingkat daerah, tidak terdapat original intent yang terkait dengan hal tersebut, akan tetapi jika dikaitkan dengan Pasal 18 UUD 1945 yang berkenaan dengan Pemerintahan Daerah, maka pemaknaan sistematis UUD 1945 tentu saja meliputi desentralisasi peran partai politik tersebut. Apalagi berdasarkan ketentuan normatif konstitusi, partai politik juga mempunyai kewenangan untuk mencalonkan anggota dewan perwakilan rakyat daerah. Oleh karena itu, pengaturan mengenai desentralisasi peran dan tanggung jawab partai politik perlu dinormakan dalam format Undang-Undang agar moralitas konstitusional desentralisasi hubungan pusat dan pemerintahan daerah dapat terjadi dan terkonsolidasi dengan baik. Dengan demikian, partai politik diharapkan mampu menjalankan perannya sebagai sarana komunikasi politik, sosialisasi politik (political socialization), pengatur konflik (conflict management) dan akhirnya menjadi sarana rekruitmen politik (political recruitment) baik di tingkat pusat maupun di tingkat daerah.Amendment to the 1945 Constitution which was conducted in 1999-2002 intends to strengthen the role and position of political parties in the Indonesian state administration system. Before the change of the 1945 Constitution, the phrase “political party” was completely absent in the text of the 1945 Constitution. The strengthening of the political party’s position was seen in Article 6A and Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution related to the nomination of the pair of presidential and vice presidential candidates and the authority of the Constitutional Court to decide upon the dissolution of political parties (Article 24C of the 1945 Constitution), including the status of political parties as participants in the general election of members of the DPR and DPRD (Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution). Cumulatively, the phrase “political party” is only mentioned six times in the 1945 Constitution. However, based on the original intent, it is felt the efforts to strengthen the strategic role of political parties as a supporting the consolidation of constitutional democracy.This paper is intended to examine the original intent of the 1945 Constitution about the role and position of political parties in the Indonesian state administration system, including the need for decentralization of political parties in Indonesia. The result is there is no original intent relating the decentralization of roles and responsibilities of political parties at the central level to political parties at the regional scale, but if associated with Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution with respect to local Government, the systematic The 1945 Constitution, of course, covers the decentralization of the role of the political party. Moreover, based on the normative provisions of the law, political parties also have the authority to nominate members of the regional legislature. Therefore, the regulation on the decentralization of the roles and responsibilities of political parties should be formalized in the Law so that constitutional morality of the decentralized central and local government relations can occur and be consolidated well. Thus, political parties are expected to play their role as a means of political communication, political socialization, conflict management and eventually become a means of executive recruitment both at the central and regional levels.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Bayu Dwi Anggono

Penerapan Pancasila sebagai cita hukum bangsa Indonesia dan sekaligus sumber segala sumber hukum negara masih menghadapi sejumlah permasalahan salah satunya kemauan politik pembentuk peraturan perundang-undangan yang merupakan anggota Partai politik. Akibat pembentukan yang tidak bersumber pada Pancasila maka peraturan perundang-undangan yang diberlakukan di pusat maupun daerah menimbulkan permasalahan. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini mengenai cara meningkatkan peran partai politik untuk mewujudkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berdasarkan kepada nilai-nilai Pancasila. Metode pendekatan yang dipergunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah dengan pendekatan konseptual, dengan mendasarkan pada kedudukan Pancasila sebagai cita hukum, serta fungsi partai politik dalam negara demokratis. Temuan yang didapat yaitu fungsi legislasi sering dikesampingkan dibanding fungsi pengawasan dan anggaran, politik mayoritas menjadi dasar pemikiran para pembuat peraturan perundang-undangan dan bukan ukuran ideologi atau konstitusional, pragmatisme perekrutan calon anggota parlemen, serta adanya perilaku korupsi legislasi. Untuk meningkatkan peran partai politik mewujudkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berdasarkan pada Pancasila dapat dilakukan dengan cara mewajibkan Parpol di semua tingkatan menyusun desain politik legislasi dalam masa kampanye Pemilu, kepengurusan Parpol dibagi ke dalam 3 (tiga) komponen salah satunya calon anggota lembaga perwakilan, ketegasan Parpol untuk menarik atau mengganti anggotanya di lembaga perwakilan yang lalai dalam menjalankan politik legislasi Pancasila, memasukkan kurikulum pendidikan Pancasila dalam pengkaderan anggota Parpol secara berjenjang dan berkelanjutan, dan negara segera membuat panduan atau pedoman sebagai dokumen resmi dalam menafsirkan dan memahami sila-sila Pancasila.The application of Pancasila as the legal idealsm of the Indonesia and as the source of all legal sources still dealing with some problems, one of which were the political will of laws and regulations maker which are the members of political parties. As a result of the formation that does not originate from Pancasila, the laws and regulations that are enforced at the central and regional levels cause problems. The issues discussed in this paper are about how to increase the role of political parties to refine laws and regulations based on Pancasila values. The method of approach used in this paper is a conceptual approach, based on the standing of the Pancasila as a legal idealism, as well as the function of political parties in a democratic country. The findings obtained are that the legislative function is often ruled out compared to the controlling and budgeting functions, political majorities become the rationale for legislators and not ideological or constitutional measures, pragmatism for recruiting parliament candidates, and the existence of corrupt behaviour in the legislation. To increase the role of political parties in refining laws and regulations based on Pancasila can be done by requiring the political parties at all levels to construct political legislation design in the election campaign period, management of political parties are divided into three (3) components one of which members of the legislature candidate, the firmness of political parties to withdraw or change the members in the legislature that fail to implement the Pancasila political legislation, including the Pancasila education curriculum in the cadre of political party members gradually and continuously, and the state immediately made guidelines as official documents in interpreting and understanding the Pancasila principles.


Author(s):  
Nasrullah Muhammad Nur

The discussion on the role of Islamic political parties in Muslim-majority countries is a hot conversation not only among the political elite but also in the lower society. Is a political party based on Islam is right to fight for the rights of Muslims or just a mere mask behind the Religion alias in the name of Islam in order to achieve certain goals? This article highlights the issue of how the role of Islamic political parties or the participation of Islamic parties in building the welfare of the people mandated to them especially when they are in power. How can an Islamic party gain a vote, take the sympathy of society when many of the people who are in doubt about the labeling of Islam in the party.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Andi Misbahul Pratiwi

<pre>Political parties play an important role as a gateway to women's representation. In political party the entire battle to win seats in parliament occurs. Therefore, the policies, practices and politics in the political party determine the face of women's representation in parliament. This study focuses on policy, practice and politics in political parties in the context of encouraging women's representation in regency/city-level legislative council in Indonesia. This research explores the strategy experience and challenges faced by women legislative members in regency/city-level legislative council for the 2014-2019 period of the four parties that passed to parliament in the 2014 elections, namely PDIP, Golkar, Gerindra and one Islamic party, PPP. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and document review of articles of association/bylaws (AD/ART) of political parties. The results showed that 1) AD/ART of a number of political parties has adopted a 30% quota affirmative policy for party management structures and the formation of women’s party wing organizations; 2) the practices of affirmative action policies in the process of recruitment, candidacy and political campaigns have not yet fully adopted the ideology of gender mainstreaming; knowledge, programs and decisions of political parties as well as competition between legislative candidates in competing for votes are still gender biased, thus detrimental to women’s political agenda; 3) Parliamentary women experience psychological violence and intimidation in pushing the political agenda of women in parliament - rooted in patriarchal ideology, while the women’s wing have not standing for women’s agenda.</pre>


SASI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Septi Nur Wijayanti ◽  
Kelik Iswandi

The political parties that emerge in Indonesia have a distinct catch-all character; they are dependent on individual figures and lack a defined socioeconomic foundation. For political parties, the regeneration process has become a struggle. Because certain political parties lack a clear regeneration system, oligarchic recruiting is a common occurrence. Religious affiliations, local links, local commonalities, and proximity to political party leaders all have a role in recruitment trends. This research aims to explain the role of the under bow of the political party on regeneration. This is a legal-normative study that relies on secondary data. The research material is divided into three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The following factors, according to this study, influence political party regeneration and recruitment: 1) political dynasty has an impact on unhealthy regeneration; 2) political dowry has an impact on unhealthy competition among political party members; and 3) popularity factor has an impact on how quickly people can become political party members. Political parties' inability to recruit and regenerate has an impact on their capacity to fulfill their role as the primary source of national leadership selection. Alternative solutions to these problems include strengthening the under bow of political parties. The existence of under bow of political parties will aid in the transmission of political party doctrine. Political parties will be rewarded with the best members who will fight for their vision and goals. Furthermore, the under bow of political parties can serve as educational institutions for potential members before they join the party.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Happy Agung Saputra ◽  
Iwan Rachmad Soetijono ◽  
Shofi Munawwir Effendi

This paper aims to revisit the procedures for internal dispute resolution of political parties through political party courts. Reformulation is the stage of law enforcement in abstracto by the legislature or is limited to the formulation of provisions and substances that will be regulated in law in accordance with the situation and conditions, both present and future. The political party court is an important institution in the law enforcement process that has a mixed-function, namely as a regulator, administrator, and even adjudicator with a quasi-judicial nature. Internal dispute resolution brought to the political party court is to ensure the freedom of political parties, as well as to limit government interference which can lock in the freedom and role of political parties as one of the institutions needed to exercise people's sovereignty. Thus, it is urgent to have the idea of ​​reformulating the procedural arrangements of the political party court which are in accordance with the principles of justice and can be accounted for. This is an answer to the problems of political party disputes so that these dispute cases can be accommodated through strict and perfect regulations.KEYWORDS: Reformulation, Political Party Court, Dispute Resolution, Political Parties.


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Espírito-Santo ◽  
André Freire ◽  
Sofia Serra-Silva

Although the presence of women has been increasing in several parliaments around the world, we still do not know much about the consequences that their presence has for policy representation. Relying on a rich comparative dataset on prospective MPs’ policy preferences in 12 countries and 87 political parties collected between 2006 and 2012 within the Comparative Candidates Survey, this article aims to understand how political parties interplay with prospective MPs’ sex to affect the latter’s policy preferences. Our results show that the descriptive representation of women makes a difference for policy representation, (i) mainly (though not only) when issues that particularly affect women are at stake and (ii) only concerning issues around which political parties do not yet have settled positions (i.e. uncrystallized issues). There are therefore empirical grounds to support an imposed representation of minority groups to deal with issues that are new on the political agenda.


2018 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Mykola Primush

The presented scientific research is devoted to the analysis of factors of influence of symbols of political party on her development and political rhetoric. The emphasis is placed on studying of symbols and the political choice of voters. It is proved that the party symbolics can act as the communication medium between parties and her voter. The scientific facts according to which the political symbolics and party colors bear in themselves sense of a party course of heads of political parties are offered and also display understanding of a role of party in political life of society. Factors of development of political symbolics in Ukraine are offered. Detailed studying of foreign experience has shown that the party symbolics has the logical and symbolical nature. The first shows her historical roots and serves as the political bridge between ideals and values of generations. The second aspect, symbolical — is continuation of the first, but bears in itself nonverbal sense. The essence consists that the political party, enduring certain stages of social and political development of the state, tries to display them in the political symbols, the name, flowers. It becomes not only for mass influence on the choice of electorate and also with the purpose to become main using the force political capable to be on one wave with the voter. Also, in a research it is shown that in the Ukrainian political practice this aspect is given a certain attention, but in general — party heads use opposite symbols and their values.


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