Recurrence of Hamstring Injuries and Risk Factors for Partial and Complete Tears in the National Football League: An Analysis From 2009-2020

Author(s):  
Blake M. Bodendorfer ◽  
Steven F. DeFroda ◽  
Alexander C. Newhouse ◽  
Daniel S. Yang ◽  
Henry T. Shu ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Zachary L. Mannes ◽  
Erin G. Ferguson ◽  
Nicole Ennis ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin ◽  
Linda B. Cottler

Over 80% of National Football League (NFL) retirees experience daily pain. Pain acceptance is an important psychological construct implicated in the intensity of chronic pain, though these findings have not been extended to NFL retirees. Therefore, the current study examined the association between pain acceptance and pain intensity among former NFL athletes. NFL retirees (N = 90) recruited from 2018 to 2019 completed questionnaires that assessed pain, substance use, and NFL career information. Multiple linear regression examined the association between current pain acceptance and pain intensity while adjusting for other risk factors of pain. NFL retirees reported average scores of 33.31 (SD = 10.00), and 2.18 (SD = 2.40) on measures of pain acceptance and pain intensity, respectively. After covariate adjustment, greater pain acceptance (β = −0.538, p < .001) was associated with lower pain intensity. These findings can further inform the behavioral and mental health care of retired NFL athletes.


Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Y Chang ◽  
Shannon J FitzGerald ◽  
John Cannaday ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Amit Patel ◽  
...  

A high prevalence of obesity exists among national football league (NFL) players as classified by body mass index (BMI). It has not been established whether this elevated BMI is associated with a greater prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors or coronary artery disease in former NFL players as in non-athletes. This study compared CV risk factors and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among retired NFL players versus community controls. The design was a case-control study of retired NFL players against matched controls from the population-based Dallas Heart Study (DHS) and a second physically active sample from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). CV risk factors were assessed by survey and health screening visit. Coronary atherosclerosis was determined with computed tomography measurements of coronary artery calcium (CAC). 201 NFL players completed measurements of CAC. Compared to DHS men, retired NFL players had a significantly lower prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, a sedentary lifestyle and the metabolic syndrome, yet a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and hyperlipidemia. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of positive CAC (46 v 48.3%, p=0.69) or the distribution across subgroups of CAC (0 –10, 10 –100, 100 – 400, 400+, p=0.11) between the retired NFL players and DHS men. These results were not significantly different when controlling for ethnicity or linemen status. When compared to physically active controls (ACLS), retired NFL players had a greater BMI, waist size and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, but no difference in other CV risk factors or CAC scores. Conclusions: Despite their large body size, former NFL players do not have a greater prevalence of CV risk factors or amount of CAC than community controls when matched by BMI and/or age. Age and hyperlipidemia, not body size, were the most significant predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among retired NFL players. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA National Center. CV Risk Factors, Retired NFL Players versus Dallas Heart Study Participants


2018 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene M. Dunne ◽  
Catherine W. Striley ◽  
Zachary L. Mannes ◽  
Breton M. Asken ◽  
Nicole Ennis (formerly Whitehead) ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711881331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Owora ◽  
Brittany L. Kmush ◽  
Bhavneet Walia ◽  
Shane Sanders

Background: Multiple risks predispose professional football players to adverse health outcomes and, in extreme cases, early death; however, our understanding of etiological risk factors related to early mortality is limited. Purpose: To identify etiological risk factors associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among National Football League (NFL) players. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Articles examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors among previous NFL players were identified by systematically searching: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1990 to 2017. Study eligibility and quality were evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Results: A total of 801 nonduplicated studies were identified through our search strategy. Of these, 9 studies examining 11 different risk factors were included in the systematic review. Overall, the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was lower among NFL players than among the general male population in the United States. Nonwhite athletes, those in power positions, and those with a high playing-time body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) were associated with elevated all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks. Conclusion: Methodological issues associated with the examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors preclude a definitive conclusion of etiological protective or risk effects. Comparison groups less prone to selection bias (“healthy worker effect”) and a life-course approach to the evaluation of suspected risk factors are warranted to identify etiological factors associated with early mortality among NFL players.


2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM de Visser ◽  
M Reijman ◽  
MP Heijboer ◽  
PK Bos

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hauge Engebretsen ◽  
Grethe Myklebust ◽  
Ingar Holme ◽  
Lars Engebretsen ◽  
Roald Bahr

Joints ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Nicola Bisciotti ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
Emanuele Cena ◽  
Giulia Carimati ◽  
Alessandro Bisciotti ◽  
...  

AbstractHamstring injuries and reinjuries are one of the most important sport lesions in several sport activities including soccer, Australian football, track and field, rugby, and in general in all sport activities requiring sprinting and acceleration. However, it is important to distinguish between the lesions of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus and semimembranosus. Indeed, three muscles representing the hamstring complex have a very different injury etiology and consequently require different prevention strategies. This fact may explain, at least in part, the high incidence of reinjuries. In soccer, hamstring injuries cause an important rate of time loss (i.e., in average 15–21 matches missed per club per season). The hamstring injury risk factors may be subdivided in three categories: “primary injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk factors mainly causing a first lesion), “recurrent injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk that can cause a reinjury), and bivalent injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk factors that can cause both primary injuries and reinjuries). The high incidence of hamstring lesions caused consequently an important increase in hamstring injury research. However, although the prevention has increased paradoxically, epidemiological data do not show a loss in injuries and/or reinjuries but, on the contrary, they show an increase in hamstring injuries. This apparent paradox highlights the importance both of the improvement in the prevention programs quality and the criteria for return to play after hamstring injury.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596711876707 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Kantrowitz ◽  
Ajay S. Padaki ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
T. Sean Lynch

Background: The indications for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are vaguely defined despite the frequency of its use as a treatment for athletes. While select studies have advocated for its efficacy, the majority of orthopaedic research conducted on the topic has been equivocal. Purpose: To define the use of PRP in elite athletes by team physicians from professional sports leagues. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey assessing treatment timing, usage patterns, indications, and complications was generated by fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons. The survey was distributed to team physicians from the National Football League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, National Hockey League, Major League Soccer, and the “Power 5” Division I conferences of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. From a compilation of publicly available email addresses and those available from professional team physician associations, 149 team physicians were sent this PRP assessment tool. Results: Of the 149 professional and collegiate team physicians contacted, 59 started the survey and 46 completed it, resulting in a 39.6% participation rate and a 30.9% completion rate. Approximately 93% of physicians stated that they use PRP in their practices, and 72% use ultrasonography for injection guidance. On average, collegiate team physicians and National Football League physicians treated the most players per season with PRP (69.4 and 60.4 players, respectively), while National Hockey League physicians treated the fewest (18.0 players). The majority of respondents reported no complications from PRP injections (70%), with pain being the most common complication reported (26%). There was no consensus on the most important aspect of PRP formulation, with the top 2 responses being platelet concentration (48%) and white blood cell concentration (39%). When grading the importance of indications to use PRP, physicians found athlete desire on average (7.5 ± 2.2 [SD]; out of 10) to be more important than reimbursement (2.2 ± 2.2) ( P < .001). Importantly, physicians stated that they moderately (5.4 ± 2.3) believed in the evidence behind PRP. Physicians listed hamstring injuries as the most common injury treated with PRP. Hamstring injuries were treated with a mean 3.14 PRP injections, as opposed to 2.19 injections for nonhamstring injuries. Conclusion: Professional and collegiate team physicians frequently use PRP despite a lack of consensus regarding the importance of the formulation of the product, the timing of treatment, and the conditions that would most benefit from PRP treatment.


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