Effects of temperature and catalytic reduction of sulfur content on kinematic viscosity and specific gravity of tire pyrolysis oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Job Bosire Omwoyo ◽  
Richard Kyalo Kimilu ◽  
John Mmari Onyari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

E EVALUASI MUTU MINYAK BUMI DENGAN DISTILASI TRUE BOILING POINT (TBP) BERDASARKAN PARAMETER UJI SIFAT FISIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUK KEROSIN DAN AVTUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dian Kurnia Sari ◽  
Rian Ternando
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Copper Strip

Minyak bumi dievaluasi guna menentukan potensi minyak bumi sebagai bahan baku kilang minyak untuk menghasilkan fraksi yang dikehendaki. Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian sifat umum minyak bumi, klasifikasi minyak bumi dengan distilasi True Boiling Point (TBP) wide cut (pemotongan jarak lebar) serta analisis fraksi kerosin. Fraksi kerosin yang dihasilkan dari primary process dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar rumah tangga (minyak  tanah) dan bahan bakar lampu penerangan. Selain itu fraksi kerosin juga dapat dioalah menjadi bahan bakar untuk pesawat terbang jenis jet (avtur). Avtur adalah kerosin yang dengan  spesifikasi yang diperketat, terutama mengenai titik uap dan titik beku. Untuk melakukan pengolahan pada minyak bumi perlu diketahui karakteristik dan spesifikasi minyak  bumi (bahan baku) yang akan diolah untuk mengetahui mutu dan manfaat minyak bumi tersebut. Salah satu parameter uji analisis minyak bumi yaitu parameter sifat fisika. Dari data distilasi TBP diperoleh persentase fraksi kerosin Crude Oil 99 PT HS sebesar 29 % vol sedangkan Crude Oil 165 PT RT sebesar 23 % vol. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisika yang meliputi Specific Gravity, Refractive Index nD20, Freezing Point, Smoke Point, Flash Point “Abel”, Aniline Point, Copper Strip Corrosion, Kinematic Viscosity dan Characterization KUOP. Crude Oil 99 dan Crude Oil 165 memiliki mutu yang baik serta memenuhi spesifikasi produk kerosin maupun produk avtur.

scholarly journals Oxidative Desulfurization of Tire Pyrolysis Oil over Molybdenum Heteropolyacid Loaded Mesoporous Catalysts

Reactions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-472
Author(s):  
Jasmine Kaur ◽  
Sundaramurthy Vedachalam ◽  
Philip Boahene ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
X Ray

Pyrolysis oil derived from waste tires consists of sulfur content in the range of 7000 to 9000 ppm. For use in diesel engines, its sulfur content must be lowered to 10 to 15 ppm. Though conventional hydrodesulfurization is suitable for the removal of sulfur from tire pyrolysis oil, its high cost provides an avenue for alternative desulfurization technologies to be explored. In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), a low-cost technology, was explored for the desulfurization of tire pyrolysis oil. Two categories of titanium-incorporated mesoporous supports with 20 wt% loaded heteropoly molybdic acid catalyst (HPMo/Ti-Al2O3 and HPMo/Ti-TUD-1) were developed and tested for ODS of tire pyrolysis oil at mild process conditions. Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET-N2 physisorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The incorporation of Ti into Al2O3 and TUD-1 frameworks was confirmed by XPS. The surface acidity of catalysts was studied by the temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and pyridine FTIR analyses. HPMo/Ti-Al2O3 and HPMo/Ti-TUD-1 catalysts contained both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. The presence of titanium in catalysts was found to promote the ODS activity of phosphomolybdic acid. The Ti-TUD-1-supported catalysts performed better than the Ti-Al2O3-supported catalysts for the ODS of tire pyrolysis oil. Hydrogen peroxide and cumene peroxide were found to be better oxidants than tert-butyl hydroperoxide for oxidizing sulfur compounds of tire pyrolysis oil. Process parameter optimization by the design of experiments was conducted with an optimal catalyst along with the catalyst regeneration study. An ANOVA statistical analysis demonstrated that the oxidant/sulfur and catalyst/oil ratios were more significant than the reaction temperature for the ODS of tire pyrolysis oil. It followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics over HPMo/Ti-TUD-1.

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel from babassu oil using methanol-ethanol blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Fernando Carvalho Silva ◽  
Kiany Sirley Brandão Cavalcante ◽  
Hilton Costa Louzeiro ◽  
Katia Regina Marques Moura ◽  
Adeilton Pereira Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
A Value ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Maranhão state in Brazil presents a big potential for the cultivation of several oleaginous species, such as babassu, soybean, castor oil plant, etc... These vegetable oils can be transformed into biodiesel by the transesterification reaction in an alkaline medium, using methanol or ethanol. The biodiesel production from a blend of these alcohols is a way of adding the technical and economical advantages of methanol to the environmental advantages of ethanol. The optimized alcohol blend was observed to be a methanol/ethanol volume ratio of 80 % MeOH: 20 % EtOH. The ester content was of 98.70 %, a value higher than the target of the ANP, 96.5 % (m/m), and the biodiesel mass yield was of 95.32 %. This biodiesel fulfills the specifications of moisture, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and percentages of free alcohols (methanol plus ethanol) and free glycerin.

Predicting the Cetane Number, Yield Sooting Index, Kinematic Viscosity, and Cloud Point for Catalytically Upgraded Pyrolysis Oil Using Artificial Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Kessler ◽  
Thomas Schwartz ◽  
Hsi-Wu Wong ◽  
J. Hunter Mack
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract The conversion of biomass using fast pyrolysis has the potential to be significantly less expensive at scale compared to alternative methods such as fermentation and gasification. Selective upgrading of the products of fast pyrolysis through chemical catalysis produces compounds with lower oxygen content and lower acidity; however, identifying the specific catalytic pathways for producing viable fuels and fuel additives often requires a trial-and-error approach. Specifically, key properties of the compounds must be experimentally tested to evaluate the viability of the resultant compounds. The present work proposes predictive models constructed with artificial neural networks (ANNs) for cetane number (CN), yield sooting index (YSI), kinematic viscosity (KV), and cloud point (CP), with blind test set median absolute errors of 5.14 cetane units, 3.36 yield sooting index units, 0.07 millimeters squared per second, and 4.89 degrees Celsius, respectively. Furthermore, the cetane number, yield sooting index, kinematic viscosity, and cloud point were predicted for over three hundred expected products from the catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis oil. It was discovered that 130 of these compounds have predicted cetane numbers greater than 40, with four of these compounds possessing predicted yield sooting index values significantly less than that of diesel fuel and predicted viscosities and cloud points comparable to that of diesel fuel.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI KELAPA DENGAN METODE KERING

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesung Allo Padang ◽  
Mirmanto Mirmanto
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Result Show

Producing biodiesel by dry method has been conducted in the Laboratory of Energy Conversion, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mataram University. In the conventional method, coconut flesh is scrabbed and then squizzed to separate the coconut milk then from this milk obtained oil. In dry method, the flesh is cut in to small pieces then cook in the sealed container.Its vapor is collected , condensated and eventually oil is produced.By transesterification process biodiesel is obtained. The combination of metanol : coconut oil is varied as follow :10 (K0), 1:10 (K10), 2:10 (K20), dan 3:10 (K30). Biodiesel produced is then tested to evaluate its specific gravity,kinematic viscosity,flash point and calorifiec value.The result show that increased methanol concentration reduced specific gravity,kinematic viscosity,flash point and calorifiec value. Specific gravity for K0, K10, K20, and K30 in the transesterification process are 0.864, 0.851, 0.849, and 0.843, respectively. Kinematic viscosity for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 5.65 mm2/s, 4.80 mm2/s, 4.29 mm2/s, and 3.52 mm2/s, respectively. Flash point for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 62.330C, 58.670C, 54.670C, and 520C. Calorifiec value for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 19601.842 Btu/lb, 19105.375 Btu/lb, 17803.337 Btu/lb, and 16548.844 Btu/lb.

scholarly journals Determination of Quality Properties of Low-Grade Biodiesel and Its Heating Oil Blends

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kleopatra Poyadji ◽  
Marinos Stylianou ◽  
Agapios Agapiou ◽  
Christos Kallis ◽  
Nikolaos Kokkinos
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Heating Oil

This research work examined how biodiesel produced from frying oils affects the physicochemical properties of its mixtures with conventional heating oil. Through the characterization of biodiesel blends and heating oil, the purpose is to produce an improved heating oil that will meet the specifications of the existing legislation for heating oil, while positively contributing to reducing the production of pollutants. The percentage of biodiesel added to a conventional diesel fuel contributes to the reduction of the pollutants produced during combustion. The examined biodiesel is considered the residual product, which was produced at a factory in Cyprus, and was deemed unsuitable for export, because it does not meet the legal requirements. Using specific volumes of these mixtures, twelve parameters were determined in order to investigate the effect of the mixtures: kinematic viscosity, sulfur content, micro carbon residue (MCR), distillation curves, density, cloud point (CP), fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content, heat of combustion, iodine value (IV), cetane index (CI) after distillation, oxidation stability, and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). A number of fuel properties including the kinematic viscosity, MCR, distillation temperature—up to 80% distillate—and density showed an increase as the percentage of FAMEs raised from 2.5 to 50%, while others showed a mixed behavior (e.g., IV, CP, CI, CFPP), and the rest an inverse trend (e.g., sulfur content, heat of combustion and oxidation stability). An efficient potential utilization of a residual domestic product is proposed, while the pollutants that accumulate on the urban atmospheres during the winter months, due to increased heating needs of homes and other public or private buildings, will be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Deasphalting of Atmospheric Iraqi Residue using Different Solvents

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Noha Muhsin Ali ◽  
Tariq Mohammed Naife
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Light Naphtha ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Asphaltene Content ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Solvent Solvent

Different solvents (light naphtha, n-heptane, and n-hexane) are used to treat Iraqi Atmospheric oil residue by the deasphalting process. Oil residue from Al-Dura refinery with specific gravity 0.9705, API 14.9, and 0.5 wt. % sulfur content was used. Deasphalting oil (DAO) was examined on a laboratory scale by using solvents with different operation conditions (temperature, concentration of solvent, solvent to oil ratio, and duration time). This study investigates the effects of these parameters on asphaltene yield. The results show that an increase in temperature for all solvents increases the extraction of asphaltene yield. The higher reduction in asphaltene content is obtained with hexane solvent at operating conditions of (90 °C, 4/1 solvent to oil ratio), where the asphaltene yield was 93%. The highest recorded value of API value at 150 ml for all solvents at the highest temperature and duration time; this value is 32 when using n-heptane solvent at 15/1.

Characters of the Diesel-Like Fraction from Sludge Pyrolysis Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1829-1833
Author(s):  
Ai Min Ji ◽  
Yan Cui ◽  
Hong Ya Liu ◽  
Zu Guo Qian
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain Length ◽  
Low Sulfur Content ◽  
Low Sulfur

Sludge pyrolysis oil has the potential to substitute for refinery petroleum products for its similar characters with petroleum. In this study, the diesel-like fraction, with high heating value and low sulfur content compared with sludge pyrolysis oil, was obtained from sludge pyrolysis oil which was processed by two-step distillation to remove volatile component and compounds with high boiling points. The chemical composition of diesel-like fraction was investigated by Gas Chromatograph / Mass Spectrometer. The results indicated that this part comprises compounds containing N and O element 48.3% and hydrocarbons 51.7%, the hydrocarbon chain length of the alkanes and alkenes distributes across the C10~C20 mass range in the latter which was close to that of diesel. The sulfur content of diesel-like fraction is 10 times higher than that of diesel, and other fuel characters were similar with that of diesel, which indicated that diesel-like fraction was promising to substitute for diesel. After adding 10% diesel-like fraction into 5 # diesel, the fuel characters of diesel changed so little that it did not influence the application of diesel, which would be significant to alleviate the shortage of petroleum.

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