Zinc coated urea enhanced the growth and quality of rice cultivated under aerobic and anaerobic culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

scholarly journals Quality and shelf life of packaged fresh sliced mushrooms stored at two different temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GONZÁLEZ-FANDOS ◽  
A. SIMON JIMENES ◽  
V. TOBAR PARDO
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Pvc Film ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Quality And Shelf Life

The sensory and microbiological quality of sliced mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus L.) packaged in films of perforated and non-perforated PVC and stored at 3 and 9ºC, was studied. The carbon dioxide and oxygen content inside the packages, colour, weight loss, sensory attributes, mesophiles, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, aerobic and anaerobic spore formers were determined. The atmosphere generated with the perforated PVC film was similar to that of air atmosphere at 3 or 9ºC. T.he non-perforated PVC film generated inside the packages CO2 : O2 concentrations of 3.4% : 8.1% at 3ºC and CO2 : O2 concentrations of 4.5% : 0.15% at 9ºC. Browning of mushrooms was lower at 3 than at 9ºC. The quality of sliced mushrooms packaged in perforated PVC and stored at 3ºC was adequate after 9 days. However, at 9ºC, the slice deformation and brown blotches incidence were severe after 9 days. The atmosphere generated with non-perforated PVC inhibited aerobic microorganism growth compared to mushrooms packaged in perforated PVC. At 3ºC, the shelf life of mushrooms packaged in non perforated PVC was around 13 days. However, the extremely low O2 atmospheres generated at 9ºC was accompanied by off-odours and growth of anaerobic spore formers, although the appearance of sliced mushrooms was acceptable.;

Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Incubation On the Quality of Ram Semen

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
M.U. Samo . ◽  
R.F.E. Axford . ◽  
T.A. Qureshi . ◽  
A.A. Memon . ◽  
M.M. Memon .
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Resuscitation of Injured Salmonella spp. and Coliforms from Foods

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALLACE H. ANDREWS
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Because damaged cells may account for a substantial proportion of the bacterial population in processed foods, the food microbiologist must choose the most appropriate methods for detecting damaged as well as noninjured cells. Any method intended to recover damaged organisms should include a resuscitative, or repair, process that will restore the injured cells to a sound physiological condition before subjecting them to the severity of selective enrichment media. It should also provide a reliable indication of the microbiological safety and quality of any particular food. This paper reviews various factors that affect the recovery of Salmonella spp., which include: (a) sample rehydration, (b) period of preenrichment, (c) incubation in both aerobic and anaerobic environments, (d) media composition and (e) the relative merits of preenrichment and direct selective enrichment. Because resuscitation of injured Salmonella cells does not occur during the selective enrichment step and beyond, the effect and interaction of these factors are considered primarily for the preenrichment step of the isolation procedure for Salmonella. This paper also reviews five methods recently developed for recovery of coliforms, which include: (a) hydrophobic grid membrane filtration, (b) radiometry, (c) electrical impedance, (d) fluorogenic assay and (e) the Petrifilm system. Each of these methods may incorporate a step for resuscitation of injured organisms.

A Bacteriological Survey of Raw Ground Beef1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES F. FOSTER ◽  
JAMES L. FOWLER ◽  
WARREN C. LADIGES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The microbiological quality of 150 units of raw ground beef obtained from a local retail store was determined. The range of aerobic plate counts was from 6.9 × 104 to 8.3 × 107/g. By using the most probable number method 96.7% of the 150 units were positive for coliforms, 94.7% for Escherichia coli and 61.3% for Staphylococcus aureus. By the plate methods, 99.3% of the units were positive for fecal streptococci and 56% were positive for Clostridium perfringens. No salmonellae were isolated. Aerobic and anaerobic organisms were isolated and identified. E. coli was the most frequently isolated aerobe followed by organisms in the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group. Among the anaerobic isolates, C. perfringens was the organism most frequently encountered.

Occurrence of Bacillus cereus and the Bacteriological Quality of Chinese “Take-Out” Foods

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. SCHIEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Litmus Milk ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Gelatin Hydrolysis

One hundred sixty-five samples of various foods were collected from 24 different Chinese take-out restaurants for bacteriological examination which included enumeration of Bacillus cereus by three media, MYP, KG and blood agars. Blood agar was less selective but no quantitative differences in recovery were apparent. Twenty-eight samples (15%) yielded B. cereus in excess of 100 per gram, and 20 of these were fried rice (33% positive), which also showed the poorest overall bacteriological quality. Biochemical characterization of 232 isolates of B. cereus showed 96% or more positive for catalase, nitrate reduction, beta-haemolysis, subterminal-ellipsoidal spores, aerobic and anaerobic utilization of glucose, Voges-Proskauer, fermentation of glycerol, gelatin hydrolysis, and alkaline peptonization of litmus milk; and a negative reaction in mannitol. Variable results were obtained for motility, fermentation of sucrose and salicin, and starch hydrolysis. Thirty-three isolates were susceptible to 12 of 19 antibiotics tested, and resistant to colistin. Six (18%) were susceptible to penicillin.

The toxicity of copper to the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Schreiber ◽  
Andrew S. Gordon ◽  
Frank, J. Millero
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The toxicity of copper to the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus was examined. Experiments were conducted with both aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Calorimetric and radiochemical techniques were used to examine the effect of copper on heat production, respiration, and carbon assimilation by the cultures. Plate counts were used to determine the number of viable cells present. Copper was more toxic to the bacterium in anaerobic culture (mean toxic concentration (TC50) = 2.1 μM)) than in aerobic culture (TC50 = 6.4 μM). Both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects were observed. The cytotoxic effect was not significantly different under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The cytostatic effect, observed only in anaerobic culture, resulted in a decrease in the rate of metabolism of the surviving cells. The magnitude of the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were dependent on the copper concentration, exhibiting saturation at higher concentrations. Organic chelators EDTA and nitrilotriacetic acid protected the anaerobic cultures from the copper, indicating that Cu–organic complexes are not toxic to the organism.

Effects of nitrogen applied through new carriers on yield and quality of sugarcane

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
R. S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Neem Cake Coated Urea ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Plant Crop

SUMMARYIn a field experiment at Lucknow in 1985/87 and 1986/88, the ‘new’ N carriers urea super granules (USG), neem-cake-coated urea (NCU) and dicyandiamide-treated urea (DCD) and the traditional source of N, prilled urea (PU), were used to supply 150 kgN/ha to the plant crop (first crop after planting) of the cultivar Col 148. The ratoon crop was fertilized at 0 and 150 kgN/ha with PU over all the plant crop treatments. In both plant and ratoon crops, N application increased cane yields but decreased quality: differences in yield resulting from use of the new carriers were not significant, though the fertilizers tended to increase the final plant population density. Uptake and recovery of N were significantly greater using USG, NCU and DCD than using PU. The direct effect of N was 184 kg cane/kg of N applied to the ratoon crop but residual and cumulative effects of N applied to the plant crop on yield and quality of the ratoon crop were small. Adequate direct application of N is therefore suggested for increasing the yields of ratoon cane.

scholarly journals In vivo efficacy of combination therapy with albendazole and atovaquone against primary hydatid cysts in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
shigehiro enkai ◽  
Hirokazu Kouguchi ◽  
Daniel Ken Inaoka ◽  
Takao Irie ◽  
Kinpei Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Primary Cyst

Abstract Purpose Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. Chemotherapy for AE involves albendazole (ABZ), which has shown insufficient efficacy. More effective chemotherapy for AE is needed. Previously, we have demonstrated that atovaquone (ATV), an anti-malarial, inhibits mitochondrial complex III of E. multilocularis and restricts the development of larval cysts in in vivo experiments. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of ABZ and ATV combination therapy on E. multilocularis in culture and in vivo experiments. Methods Protoscoleces were treated with 50 µM ABZ and/or ATV in the medium; the duration of parasite elimination was determined under aerobic and anaerobic culture. In the in vivo experiment, the effects of ABZ and ATV combination treatment in BALB/c mice infected orally with eggs from the feces of an adult-stage E. multilocularis-infected dog were compared with those of standard oral ABZ therapy. Results In the culture assay, the duration of elimination associated with ABZ and ATV combination treatment was 1 day shorter than that associated with ATV alone under aerobic conditions. Protoscolex viability progressively reduced owing to the combination treatment under anaerobic conditions; however, either drug used singly did not exhibit antiparasitic effects under hypoxia. Furthermore, compared with ABZ alone, the combination treatment significantly reduced the growth of the primary cyst in the liver of mice infected orally with parasite eggs. Conclusion ATV enhanced the effect of ABZ in the treatment of AE in mice.

scholarly journals A Single Basal Application of MEISTER (Polyolefin-coated Urea) to the Strawberry Greenhouse Soil in Kumamoto, South Japan

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 663c-663
Author(s):  
Y. Suenaga ◽  
K. Takamori ◽  
F. Nishimot ◽  
S. Miyoshi ◽  
T. Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Physiological Disorders ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Repeated Applications

It is not uncommon that tipburns, deformation, and poor coloring of strawberries, delaying of differentiation of flowering buds and flowering, etc., occur reflecting rapid changes in soil solution concentrations by repeated applications of conventional fertilizers. These physiological disorders contribute to lowering the yield and quality of strawberries to a significant extent. Polyolefin coated urea called “MEISTER” is one of the excellent controlled availability fertilizers whose dissolution is primarily controlled by temperature. Therefore, blended materials of a few MEISTER products can supply N matching the plant demand for the long growing season (8 months). This results in contributing to the prevention of occurrences of the physiological disorders described above. Treatment plots using blended materials of MEISTER products were early dissolution, even dissolution, and late dissolution and were fertilized with a single basal application. Compared with the conventional plot, the late dissolution plot was most suitable for strawberry growth, producing the largest yield of high quality. The new fertilization using MEISTER will contribute to decreasing the amount of fertilizer to apply, eliminating topdressing, saving labor cost, etc.

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