Abstract
Synergistic regulation in leaf architecture and photosynthesis is essential for salt tolerance. However, how plant sex and inorganic nitrogen sources alter salt stress-dependent photosynthesis remains unknown. Leaf anatomical characteristics and photosynthesis of Populus cathayana Rehder females and males were investigated under salt stress conditions combined with NO3− and NH4+ supplies to clarify the underlying mechanisms. In salt-stressed females, we observed an increased mesophyll spongy cell density, a reduced chloroplast density, a decreased surface area of chloroplasts adjacent to the intercellular air space (Sc/S) and an increased mesophyll cell area per transverse section width (S/W), consequently causing mesophyll conductance (gm) and photosynthesis inhibition, especially under NH4+ supply. Conversely, males with a greater mesophyll palisade tissue thickness and chloroplast density, but a lower spongy cell density had lower S/W and higher Sc/S, and higher gm and photosynthesis. NH4+-fed females had a lower CO2 conductance through cell wall and stromal conductance perpendicular to the cell wall, but a higher chloroplast conductance from the cell wall (gcyt1) than females supplied with NO3−, while males had a higher chloroplast conductance and lower CO2 conductance through cell wall when supplied with NO3− instead of NH4+ under salt stress. These findings indicate sex-specific strategies in coping with salt stress related to leaf anatomy and gm under both types of N supplies, which may contribute to sex-specific CO2 capture and niche segregation.
Modulation of ion uptake in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants with exogenous application of calcium under salt stress condition
