Conceptualizing Scientific Progress Needs a New Humanism

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ilya Т. Kasavin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
New Humanism

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

Scientific progress is like doing a puzzle, not building a wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa M. Tullett ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Replication Research

AbstractWe contest the “building a wall” analogy of scientific progress. We argue that this analogy unfairly privileges original research (which is perceived as laying bricks and, therefore, constructive) over replication research (which is perceived as testing and removing bricks and, therefore, destructive). We propose an alternative analogy for scientific progress: solving a jigsaw puzzle.

Scientific Progress in Psi?

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-548
Author(s):  
Victor A. Benassi
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress

Race on Both Sides of the Razor

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence D. Keel
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Biological Differences

The proliferation of studies declaring that there is a genetic basis to health disparities and behavioral differences across the so-called races has encouraged the opponents of social constructionism to assert a victory for scientific progress over political correctness. I am not concerned in this essay with providing a response to critics who believe races are expressions of innate genetic or biological differences. Instead, I am interested in how genetic research on human differences has divided social constructionists over whether the race concept in science can be used for social justice and redressing embodied forms of discrimination. On one side, there is the position that race is an inherently flawed concept and that its continued use by scientists, medical professionals, and even social activists keeps alive the notion that it has a biological basis. On the other side of this debate are those who maintain a social constructionist position yet argue that not all instances of race in science stem from discriminatory politics or the desire to prove that humans belong to discrete biological units that can then be classified as superior or inferior. I would like to shift this debate away from the question of whether race is real and move instead toward thinking about the intellectual commitments necessary for science to expose past legacies of discrimination.

Scientific progress is like doing a puzzle, not building a wall

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Mary Tullett ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Replication Research

We contest the “building a wall” analogy of scientific progress. We argue that this analogy unfairly privileges original research (which is perceived as laying bricks, and therefore constructive) over replication research (which is perceived as testing and removing bricks, and therefore destructive). We propose an alternative analogy for scientific progress: solving a jigsaw puzzle.

Soil Chemical Pollution and Aggressive Pathologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2278-2282
Author(s):  
Stelian Ioan Morariu ◽  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Alina Costina Luca ◽  
Florina Popescu ◽  
Liliana Pavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Physician ◽  
Solid Liquid

Maintaining the soil in optimal parameters is vital for mankind, given its essential role in providing the alimentary base, as well as its extremely slow formation and regeneration (hundreds or thousands of years). The direct and indirect pollution of the soil and especially its chemical pollution represent a corollary of other types of pollution, given that it is produced by solid, liquid and gaseous residues. It may be involved in a wide range of diseases (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, renal, haematological, osteoarticular, neurological) of allergic, infectious, degenerative or neoplastic nature, from infancy to the old age. Although there are natural causes of soil pollution (e.g. volcanic eruptions), most pollutants come from human activities, which are the most incriminated in its pollution, degradation and erosion at an accelerated pace. The growing concern of all nations for the adoption of measures to limit the chemical pollution of the soil is partially found so far in viable and effective solutions intended to combat soil contamination and degradation and ensure its restoration. Chemical industrialization leads to technical and scientific progress, but at the same time it can develop related pathologies, which means that the role of the occupational health physician is essential in ensuring prophylaxis and the early detection of occupational diseases. Besides that, the role of the pediatrician is equally precious for the detection of specific diseases caused by chemical pollutants to children, because they will develop into adults with pathological stigma.The chemical pollution of the soil is a major challenge for ecologists, given that it is an important risk factor for many types of afflictions. It requires maximum attention from civil society, health care professionals and government institutions. The specialist in occupational medicine, as well as the pediatrician bear an essential responsibility in both, prevention and treatment.

The puppetry by Viesturs Kairišs: a Holzweg between uncomfortable history and new humanism

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Lauma Mellēna-Bartkeviča
Keyword(s):  
New Humanism

Pēc vairākiem nozīmīgiem operas iestudējumiem Viesturs Kairišs atgriezies dramatiskajā teātrī un kino pie „lielajiem naratīviem” par sabiedrību un kultūru mūsdienās un nesenā pagātnē. 2018./2019. gada teātra sezonas iestudējumi – Ivana Turgeņeva stāsta „Mumu” dramatizējums Mihaila Čehova Rīgas Krievu teātrī un izrāde „Baltiešu gredzens”, kura pamatā ir Zīgfrīda fon Fēgezaka romāns „Baltiešu traģēdija”, Latvijas Nacionālajā teātrī – iezīmē pavērsienu V. Kairiša režijas stilā un skatuves valodā. Analizētajos iestudējumos lelles darbojas reizē kā metode un metafora. Vienlaikus tās iezīmē jaunus paņēmienus V. Kairiša meklējumos: pirmkārt, leļļu un aktieru mijiedarbība tiek izmantota kā izteiksmes līdzeklis; otrkārt, abos iestudējumos V. Kairišs veidojis arī scenogrāfiju un vizuālo tēlu (kopā ar jaunajiem māksliniekiem Aneti Bajāri-Babčuku un Tomu Babčuku); treškārt, prozas dramatizēšana mērķtiecīgi pakārto tekstu iestudējuma vajadzībām. V. Kairišs meklē mūsdienu patērētāju sabiedrībā, bezjēdzīgos politiskos ķīviņos un vienaldzībā zudušo cilvēcību, cenšoties atdzemdināt tās cilvēces vērtības, kuras stāv pāri etniska un nacionāla rakstura aizspriedumiem, emocionāli aizkustināt un stimulēt indivīda aktīvu līdzdalību sabiedrības veidošanā. Viņa stratēģija un mērķis ir aktivizēt kritisko domāšanu. Un, lai arī idejas ne vienmēr ir skaidri formulētas (tādēļ Martina Heidegera lietotais jēdziens malkasceļš ir atbilstošs, aprakstot radošos meklējumus), leļļu izmantošana dramatiskā teātra iestudējumos ir efektīvs izteiksmes līdzeklis gan formā, gan saturā.

From Top-Down Control to Self-Organisation: The “Thaw” and Motor Action Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-156
Author(s):  
Irina Sirotkina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New Models ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Moscow School

The period from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s in the Soviet Union was known as the “Thaw,” a political era that fostered hopes of restoring the rule of law and democracy to the country. In that period cybernetics came to symbolize both scientific progress and social change. The Soviet intelligentsia had survived the hardship of Stalinist repression and now regarded the new discipline, which brought together the natural sciences and the human sciences, as a pathway to building a freer and more equal society. After decades of domination by Pavlovian doctrine, a paradigm shift was under way in physiology and psychology. Cybernetics reinforced the new paradigm, which put forward ideas of purposive behavior and self-organization in living and non-living systems. The conditioned reflex and a simplistic one-to-one view of connections in the nervous system gave way to more sophisticated and complex models, which could be formalized mathematically. Previous models of control in living organisms were mostly hierarchical and included top-down control of peripheral movement by the motor centers. The new models supplemented this picture with feedback commands from the periphery to the center. By the time cybernetics had made its appearance in the Soviet Union, new models of control had already been formulated in physiology by Nikolay Bernstein (1896– 1966). He termed the feedback from afferent signals “sensorial corrections,” meaning that they play an important part in adapting central control to the changing situation at the periphery of movement. The new paradigm emphasized horizontal connections over vertical ones, and new models took hold based on less “totalitarian” and more “democratic” principles, such as the idea of automatic or autonomous functioning of intermediate centers, the mathematical concept of well-organized functions, the theory of “the collective behavior of automata,” etc. This line of research was carried out in the USSR as well as abroad by Bernstein’s students and followers who formed the Moscow School of Motor Control. The author argues that this preference for less hierarchical models was one expression of the Thaw’s trend toward liberalization of life within the USSR and greater involvement in international politics.

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