Social capital in the urban context: Diversity and social contacts in Chilean cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Matias Garreton ◽  
Vicente Espinoza ◽  
Roberto Cantillan
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Gabriel Otero ◽  
Beate Volker ◽  
Jesper Rozer

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Nisic ◽  
Sören Petermann

Despite the significance of spatially proximate social contacts, there is little evidence about the effects of residential mobility on the social capital available to an individual. Based on theoretical considerations of the accumulation process of social capital after relocation, we derive hypotheses about the consequences of residential mobility on social capital. Firstly, we expect a partial devaluation of social capital in the origin region after the move and compensatory investments in social capital at the new location. Secondly, we assume that social capital increases with the length of residence and distinguish accumulation and consolidation phases. Multivariate analysis based on survey data yields the expected consequences of mobility. Movers and native residents possess an equal amount of social capital; however, the composition of social capital differs between the two groups. Additionally, we decompose the length of residence into several time intervals to provide evidence for both the constituting and consolidating phases in the creation of social capital.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Castellanos ◽  
Sarah Zalwango ◽  
Trang Quach ◽  
Robert Kakaire ◽  
Leonardo Martínez ◽  
...  

Abstract Background. Exposure to an individual with tuberculosis is necessary for transmission to occur. Previously, we developed a score that measures contact between tuberculosis cases and their social networks in an African urban context. This score was built using exploratory factor analysis and identified contact as the conjunction of two domains – setting and relationship. Now, our aim is to determine whether this score covaries with the presence of tuberculous infection among social contacts of tuberculosis cases.Methods. This was a large cross-sectional study conducted in Kampala, Uganda from 2012-2016. Tuberculous infection was assessed in social contacts of adult tuberculosis cases. We estimated the prevalence of tuberculous infection in this population, overall and according to the setting and relationship domains. We calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) for the association between increasing scores in the setting and relationship domains and tuberculous infection, adjusted by other covariates, using modified Poisson regression models. Results. We enrolled 955 household and community contacts from 119 tuberculosis cases. The overall prevalence of tuberculous infection in the social networks was 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48-55). The prevalence of tuberculous infection in very low, low, medium, and high setting-contact quartiles was 44%, 40%, 53%, and 70% respectively (Ptrend<.0001). By the relationship score, the prevalence of tuberculous infection in very low, low, moderate and high-contact groups was 41%, 47%, 53% and 66% respectively (Ptrend<.0001). The effect of the setting score in the prevalence of tuberculous infection was higher among children between 5-14 years (PR=1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.39) whereas the relationship score was associated with tuberculous infection in children of 0-4 years (PR=1.42; 95% CI 1.10-1.82)Conclusion. In this large observational study from an urban African setting, participants, especially children, with higher setting and relationship scores were more likely infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among contacts of a tuberculosis case.


Author(s):  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Matthew Kelly ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra

Although it is often not known what proportion of migrants return to their countries of origin, it can be hypothesized that as their reasons for return vary, the stresses on return will also vary. In addition, it is possible that their social support and social capital will have changed in their absence, which may affect their social support and social capital. The research on return migration is somewhat limited, but some studies indicate that levels of stress in returning migrants are high and can lead to the development of psychiatric disorders. In order to function well, they will have to review and re-establish their social contacts, as well as their social context. The clinical care and health services need to be aware of the mental and physical health needs of such individuals and appropriate interventions need to be in place.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Acedo ◽  
Marco Painho ◽  
Sven Casteleyn

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE GRAY

ABSTRACTHow can the ‘social capital’ inherent in social networks provide contacts through which older people access practical and emotional support? What is the relative importance of kin and non-kin, and of participation in organisations and informal ties such as contacts with neighbours? Following a brief contextualisation that draws on previous literature, this paper addresses these questions through analysis of British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data. It examines the extent to which people feel they can count on emotional and practical support from friends and relatives. A dependent variable was created that measures the outcome of the ‘social capital’ residing in a respondent's social network. Relatively poor support was found amongst elders who were childless or had been continuously without a partner; relatively rich support was found amongst those who had frequent contact with other people, who interacted frequently with neighbours, and who regarded their neighbourhood as a positive social environment. Being active in organisations had less effect on social support than informal social contacts. Amongst many different forms of organisational activity, the only ones that had a positive association with social support were being in contact with others through religious activities, and engaging in sports clubs. The social support of working-class elders, even those ‘well networked’ in formal or informal ways, was strengthened less by their social capital than was that of the professional and managerial occupational groups.


2020 ◽  
pp. 003802612094560
Author(s):  
Stefan Bernhard

What types of social contacts and support networks do recent migrants build when arriving in their host countries? The literature on social capital stresses the distinction between bonding ties (to people from the same ethnic group) and bridging ties (to people from other groups) and discusses their respective effects on migrants. However, recent critics of these approaches suggest a closer examination of bonding and bridging ties as well as what meaning they have and how they manage the flow of resources. Following this lead, I suggest a dynamic and contextualised approach to social capital that rests upon a detailed understanding of the meaning-making within supportive ties. Empirically, the article investigates bridging ties that ‘reach in’ from recently arrived refugees to more established residents in Germany. I distinguish reaching-in links from reaching-in ties and argue that both interweave in complex ways with institutions and discourses in the host country. Furthermore, the analysis suggests network-related inequalities within the group of refugees. In particular, refugees’ ego-networks vary considerably with respect to possibilities to produce and convert social capital into other forms of capital, such as cultural capital.


Author(s):  
Rosina Nasir

Why do people trust each other? Do people form groups through mutual trust or self-interest? How does the theory of rational choice and accompanying individualism affect the concept of social capital? Are social cohesiveness in groups and financial success related? Such questions generate interest in conditions promoting association and group emergence, such as trust, reliability, reciprocity, and shared values, which are inherent factors for cohesion. Self-help groups (SHGs) in an urban context are used to comprehend the aforementioned questions. The proposed study is based on the following hypothesis: the formation of groups is not based on trust but on material- and non-material- need-based individual rational choices that force them to cooperate with each other. It is found that a sense of insecurity among migrant women, an emotional need, led the formation of the imagined communities and has paved the way to construct trust. Thus, trust is found to be secondary in construction and sustainability of social capital. Castes, regions, and religions are strong factors; however, they are found to be less effective for the migrants than native SHG members. Therefore, among migrants, trust channelized itself vertically around a sense of fear.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document