Contextual factors associated with gender-based violence and related homicides perpetrated by partners and in-laws: A study of women survivors in India

Scholars have identified crimmigration – or the criminalization of “irregular” migration in law – as a key issue affecting migrant access to justice in contemporary immigrant-receiving societies. Yet the gendered and racialized implications of crimmigration for diverse migrant populations remains underdeveloped in this literature. This study advances a feminist intersectional approach to crimmigration and migrant justice in Canada. I add to recent research showing how punitive immigration controls disproportionately affect racialized men from the global south, constituting what Golash-Boza and Hondagneu-Sotelo have called a “gendered racial removal program” (2013). In my study, I shift analytical attention to consider the effects of the contemporary crimmigration system on migrant women survivors of gender-based violence. While such cases constitute a small sub-group within a larger population of migrants in detention, nevertheless scholarly attention to this group can expose the multiple axes along which state power is enacted – an analytical strategy that foundational scholars like Crenshaw (1991) used to theorize “structural intersectionality” in the US. In focusing on crimmigration in the Canadian context, I draw attention to the growing nexus between migration, security, and gender-based violence that has emerged alongside other processes of crimmigration. I then provide a case analysis of the 2013 death while in custody of Lucía Dominga Vega Jiménez, an “undocumented” migrant woman from Mexico. My analysis illustrates how migrant women’s strategies to survive gender-based violence are re-cast as grounds for their detention and removal, constituting what I argue is a criminalization of survivorship.The research overall demonstrates the centrality of gendered and racialized structural violence in crimmigration processes by challenging more universalist approaches to migrant justice.

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Debates and Controversies

Violence against Women in Politics ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190088460.003.0007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-72

Author(s):

Mona Lena Krook

Keyword(s):

Violence Against Women ◽

Academic Engagement ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Short Summary ◽

Gender Based ◽

Forms Of Violence

Chapter 7 applies a more critical, comparative lens to the developments discussed in previous chapters. It outlines a series of debates and controversies emerging from practitioner work, which have been subject at times to tense academic engagement, including disputes over terminology; violence against women or gender-based violence as the defining feature of this phenomenon; differing typologies and classifications of specific forms of violence; views on targets and perpetrators of violence; the presence of intersecting forms of violence based on race, class, age, and other identities; and contextual factors and their role in shaping incidents of violence. The chapter stakes out the position of this book in relation to each of these debates, providing a short summary of the ideas subsequently elaborated at length in the next part of the book.

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Gender-Based Violence and Factors Associated with Victimization among Female Entertainment Workers in Cambodia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520948145 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052094814

Author(s):

Carlijn Willeke Wieten ◽

Pheak Chhoun ◽

Sovannary Tuot ◽

Carinne Brody ◽

Siyan Yi

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Forced Sex ◽

Female Entertainment Workers ◽

Gender Based

Women working in the entertainment industry are confronted with various forms of gender-based violence (GBV). However, their vulnerability remains understudied, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aims to examine the prevalence of GBV among female entertainment workers (FEWs) in Cambodia and identify factors associated with victimization. We conducted a cross-sectional study in November 2018 for the impact evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. We used a stratified random sampling method to recruit 600 FEWs from different entertainment venues in the capital city and three other provinces. Female data collectors administered a structured questionnaire, and we performed multiple logistic regression analyses. Of the total, 60.5% had experienced a form of GBV during their lifetime; of whom, 37.5% experienced the GBV in the past 6 months. The prevalence of emotional abuse, forced substance use, physical abuse, and forced sex was 51.5%, 25.0%, 20.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. Forced substance use and forced sex were mainly perpetrated by clients, physical abuse by intimate partners, and emotional abuse by others such as entertainment establishment owners or managers. FEWs victimized by clients (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.07, 0.53]) and others (RRR = 0.11, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.44]) were less likely to be married compared with victims of intimate partner violence. Factors associated with sexual harassment were working in beer gardens (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.39, 95% CI = [1.20, 4.73]) and restaurants/cafés (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = [1.01, 2.69]), and having higher acceptance of violence against women (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.24]). FEWs in Cambodia experience high levels and unique forms of GBV as they are confronted with different types of perpetrators. Interventions need to be tailored to fit the specific needs of FEWs. Interventions aimed at reducing client-perpetrated violence should specifically focus on forced substance use and forced sex, while physical abuse by intimate partners should also be addressed.

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Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with perpetration of gender-based violence in a community sample of men in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

South African Medical Journal ◽

10.7196/samj.2016.v106.i12.11233 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (12) ◽

pp. 1211

Author(s):

N Mngoma ◽

S Fergus ◽

A Jeeves ◽

R Jolly

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Community Sample ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Psychosocial Risk ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Gender Based

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Attitudes and Factors Associated With Occurrence of Gender-Based Violence in Rural and Urban Households in Ibadan

Sumerianz Journal of Social Science ◽

10.47752/sjss.39.115.121 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 115-121

Author(s):

Adegbite Motunrade Betty

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Family Influence ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Public And Private ◽

Urban Households ◽

Favourable Attitude ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Gender Based

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is the resultant of gender-related power inequalities at both public and private spheres. GBV occurrence in rural and urban areas of Ibadan is the focus of this study. The study evaluated the attitude and factors associated with GBV occurrence among rural and urban households in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected from 200 respondents in Ibadan using interview schedule and structured questionnaire. Descriptive (frequency counts and percentages) and inferential statistics (PPMC and Regression analysis) were used to analyse the data collected. Many of the respondents (53.3%) had a favourable attitude against GBV. Household size (β = 0.204), attitude against GBV (β = -0.394), family influence (β = 0.287), superiority complex (β = 0.633) and substance abuse (β = 0.347) were factors associated with the rate of GBV occurrence. Despite the favourable attitude of people against GBV, the menace is still prevalent in the society. The general public needs enlightenment on the jeopardy associated with GBV. It is therefore recommended that suitable strategies like social media advocacy and entertainment education be put in place to enlighten the populace on the magnitudes of GBV occurrence so as to abate it among inhabitants.

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Psychological Reactions to Different Types of Gender-Based Violence in Women Survivors of Violence in the Context of a Developing Country

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211047966 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110479

Author(s):

Farzana Akter ◽

Farah Deeba

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Women Survivors ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Economic Violence ◽

Different Types ◽

Gender Based ◽

Forms Of Violence

Literature on the psychological effects on women survivors of violence (WSV) suggests there may be a relationship between the specific type of gender-based violence and patterns in the development of mental health consequences. Understanding these relationships would support early targeted (or early specialist) intervention. Since violence against women in families is a common social health problem in developing countries, the study attempted to explore the abuse specific reaction patterns within such a context. A total of 600 WSV ( mean age = 26.86, SD = 7.47) were recruited from different social service organizations working for WSV in Bangladesh. To identify the type of gender-based violence (i.e., physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and economic violence) experienced and psychiatric sequelae (i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse) in WSV, multiple reliable and valid measures were used. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that amongst the various different types of violence, only psychological, sexual, and economic violence have a significant independent predictive ability on PTSD, anxiety, and depression in the Bangladeshi WSV. Violence related factors such as witnessing violence in childhood among parents and history of childhood abuse had the unique predictive ability on suicidal ideation and substance abuse, respectively. Our result suggested that accepting physical and emotional abuse at any stage of life is very common for Bangladeshi women. This study suggested that non-physical forms of violence have the most significant independent predictive ability in the development of psychiatric symptoms. It is suggested that to develop appropriate support services for WSV within this socio-cultural context, further research is required which focuses on the psychological impact of non-physical forms of violence.

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