scholarly journals LV. On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and alcohol, with observations on the composition and properties of the resulting compound

1826 ◽  
Vol 68 (343) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Henry Hennell
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Mutual Action

scholarly journals XI. On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced

1826 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 140-162 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Carbonaceous Matter ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Mutual Action

In a Paper on new compounds of carbon and hydrogen , lately honoured by the Royal Society with a place in the Philosophical Transactions, I had occasion briefly to notice, the peculiar action exerted on certain of those compounds by sulphuric acid. During my attempts to ascertain more minutely the general nature of this action, I was led to suspect the occasional combination of the hydro-carbonaceous matter with the acid, and even its entrance into the constitution of the salts, which the acid afterwards formed with bases. Although this opinion proved incorrect, relative to the peculiar hydro-carbons forming the subject of that Paper, yet it led to experiments upon analogous bodies, and amongst others, upon naphthaline, which terminated in the production of the new acid body and salts now to be described. Some of the results obtained by the use of the oil gas products are very peculiar. If, when completed, I find them sufficiently interesting, I shall think it my duty to place them before the Royal Society, as explicatory of that action of sulphuric acid which was briefly noticed in my last Paper.

3. On certain Laws observed in the Mutual Action of Sulphuric Acid and Water.

1857 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 482-486
Author(s):  
Balfour Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Mutual Action

The object of this paper was to show that where sulphuric acid combines with water, distinct reference is made to certain definite compounds or hydrates of sulphuric acid.

On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and alcohol, with observations on the composition and properties of the resulting compound

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 271-273
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Original State ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Litmus Paper ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Mutual Action

At the commencement of this paper Mr. Hennell describes certain peculiarities in the properties of oil of wine, which induced him to consider sulphuric acid as one of its proximate elements; and on following up his analytical experiments upon it he found that about 37 per cent, of that acid might be obtained during its decomposition, although in its original state it affords no indications of that acid by the tests of the soluble salts of baryta,—a circumstance which he refers to the presence of hydrocarbon exerting a peculiar saturating influence upon the acid. Of this hydrocarbon he next determines the composition, and finds that its elements correspond in their relative proportions with those of olefiant gas. When oil of wine is mixed with solution of muriate of baryta, and gently heated, the mixture becomes acid, reddening litmus paper, but yet does not precipitate the barytic salt. Several experiments are detailed illustrating the nature of this acid, from which it appears that it forms very soluble compounds with baryta and potassa; the latter is a crystallizable salt, which burns with flame when heated, and leaves a bisulphate of potassa. Its analysis, the details of which are given at length in the paper, shows it to consist of two proportionals of sulphuric acid, one of potassa, four of carbon, and four of hydrogen; and it is remarked that the latter elements, namely, the carbon and hydrogen, appear in the present instance to be equivalent to, or to exert a saturating power over, one of the proportionals of sulphuric acid. Some slight discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical results of these analyses are adverted to, which the author thinks himself justified in attributing to water of crystallization in the salt, which he could not succeed in obtaining in a perfectly anhydrous state.

On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 265-265
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Sour Taste ◽  
Distinct Class ◽  
Mutual Action

In this communication Mr. Faraday shows that when sulphuric acid and naphthaline act upon each other, a peculiar compound pos­sessed of distinct acid characters is the result. This acid is most readily obtained by heating two parts of naphthaline with one of sulphuric acid. The mixture concretes on cooling, and separates into two parts, the uppermost of which is little else than naphthaline, but the lower, heavier part contains the peculiar acid, which, being soluble in water, is easily separated by that fluid, not, however, pure, but still containing mixed sulphuric acid. The author, however, ob­tained the pure acid by decomposing its compound with baryta, which is soluble, by sulphuric acid. It then had a bitter sour taste, and formed a distinct class of salts with the different bases, all of which are soluble in water and in alcohol, and combustible. By careful evaporation of the aqueous solution of this acid, a white crystalline deliquescent solution was obtained, evolving water when heated, and at high temperatures affording sulphurous acid, char­coal, and naphthaline. To determine the ultimate component parts of this acid, its compound with baryta was subjected to rigid analysis.

Equilibrium between Sulphuric Acid and Sulphates in Aqueous Solution

1899 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 484-522
Author(s):  
Sydney A. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Law Of Mass Action ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
General Law ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Mutual Action

In the year 1847, as one of the results of an investigation to determine the part played by the mass action of water in chemical reactions, H. Rose (Pogg. Ann., lxxxii. 545) showed that an acid sulphate in aqueous solution is progressively decomposed into free acid and neutral sulphate by increasing quantities of water. His observations were confirmed and extended by the thermo-chemical researches of Thomsen (Pogg. Ann. 1869, cxxxviii. 72), and Berthelot (Ann. Chim. Phys., 1873, xxix. 433), who indicated more exactly the course and extent of this decomposition, and from whose work it is known that in the solution of an acid sulphate there exist free sulphuric acid, neutral sulphate and acid sulphate. Finally Ostwald, in his first memoir on chemical affinity (Jour, prakt. Cliem. 1879, xix. 483), showed how to determine the magnitude of this decomposition, and was able to approximately measure the quantity of free acid in solutions of the acid sulphates at different dilutions. In a later paper (ibid., 1880, xxii. 305), Ostwald investigated the question of the influence of water on the action between sulphuric acid and a neutral sulphate. He measured the changes of volume which occurred when solutions of sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate were mixed in varying proportions, and at different dilutions, and obtained results in agreement with his previous work. He also pointed out, that if the mutual action between the acid and neutral sulphate obeyed the general law of mass action, it should follow that, for example, one molecule sodium sulphate plus three molecules sulphuric acid, give the same quantity of acid sulphate as one molecule sulphuric acid, and three molecules sodium sulphate, the volume of the mixture being the same in each case.

On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and alcohol, and on the nature of the process by which ether is formed

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 350-350
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Mutual Action

The most abundant product resulting from the mutual action of sulphuric acid and alcohol, without the application of heat, is the sulphovinic acid; but on distillation this peculiar product disappears, and ether is formed; and it becomes a question what part the sulphovinic acid plays in this process. In opposition to the assertion of Messrs. Dumas and Boullay, that this acid is not concerned in the production of ether, the author contends that whenever ether is formed, it is in consequence of the decomposition of the sulphovinic acid. He obtained ether from this latter fluid by distillation, when neither sulphuric acid nor alcohol were present; but if a certain quantity of water has been previously added, the sulphovinic acid is resolved into alcohol and sulphuric acid, and no ether is obtained; whereas during the distillation of ether in the ordinary way, the sulphovinic acid is re-converted, more or less, entirely into sulphuric acid. Hence he infers that the formation of the sulphovinic acid is a necessary and intermediate step to the production of ether from alcohol and sulphuric acid. As ether may be formed from alcohol, by the intermedium of sulphuric acid, so by the same intermedium may alcohol be obtained from ether,—the sulphovinic acid being in either case formed according to the mode of combination of the hydrocarbonous base. This theory is also illustrated by the employment of olefiant gas as the hydrocarbonous base, for by combining this gas with sulphuric acid, we may form sulphovinic acid, from which we may obtain at pleasure, by varying the circumstances of the decomposition, either alcohol or ether.

XVII. On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and alcohol, with observations on the composition and properties of the resulting compound

1826 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Mutual Action

The following experiments were originally undertaken with the view of ascertaining the nature of that singular product of the distillation of sulphuric acid and alcohol, which has long been known in the pharmaceutical laboratory under the name of oil of wine, and which has generally been regarded by chemists as a modification of sulphuric ether. The results however of my enquiries have led me to very different conclusions, and induce me to regard it as a hitherto undescribed compound of sulphuric acid and carbon and hydrogen; the latter elements existing in the same proportions as in olefiant gas, and exerting a peculiar saturating power in respect to the acid. I have also ascertained that hydrocarbon, with an additional proportion of sulphuric acid, affords a compound which is capable of uniting with salifiable bases, and of forming a distinct series of products. of oil of wine. As I originally considered the elements of oil of wine to be the same as those of ether, I endeavoured to ascertain their relative proportions by passing its vapour over red hot oxide of copper in a glass tube, in the apparatus contrived for such decompositions by Dr. Prout and Mr. Cooper, Trans. Soc. Arts XLI. p. 56. In these experiments I always obtained, along with the other products, a considerable proportion of sulphurous acid, and afterwards upon washing the contents of the tube with water upon a filter, it was of a bluish tint, and held sulphate of copper in solution ; a result which I could not readily account for, as every precaution had been taken to free the oil of wine which I used from all adhering sulphurous and sulphuric acid.

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