The New Cranberry Wisconsin Research Station: Renovation Priorities of a ‘Stevens’ Cranberry Marsh Based on Visual Mapping, Genetic Testing, and Yield Data

The effect of Stylosanthes little leaf disease on Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca seed yield was monitored over 2 consecutive seasons at Southedge Research Station in northern Queensland. The time of initial symptom expression was recorded during weekly assessments to determine what effect time of infection after planting had on seed yield. First flowering date was recorded to establish whether the developmental stage of the plant, as indicated by the onset of reproductive activity, at the time of symptom expression influenced the effect of Stylosanthes little leaf disease on yield. At the end of each season, both diseased and asymptomatic plants were harvested and seed yield determined. Seed yield data from the 1999 season showed that there was no significant difference between the mean yield of symptomatic plants, regardless of when they first showed symptoms, and that of asymptomatic plants. However, during the 2000 season plants that showed symptoms early in the season had a significantly lower seed yield than both asymptomatic plants and plants that became diseased later in the season. This decrease in productivity amounted to a yield loss of 98.8 and 56.5% when the plants showed symptoms at 79�and 110 days, respectively, after planting. If plants became diseased within 30 days of first flowering, they did not produce significant amounts of seed. Yield remained low even when the time between first flowering and initial symptom expression increased up to 60 days, after which yield was extremely variable but within the range of that observed for individual asymptomatic plants. It is concluded that Stylosanthes little leaf disease has little or no effect on seed yield if plants have been flowering for about 8 weeks before symptom expression.

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USING CERES-WHEAT MODEL TO SIMULATE GRAIN YIELD PRODUCTION FUNCTION FOR FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN, CONDITIONS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479713000185 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 461-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. BAKHSH ◽

I. BASHIR ◽

H. U. FARID ◽

S. A. WAJID

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Yield Function ◽

Management Tool ◽

Research Station ◽

Computer Simulation Model ◽

Yield Data ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Yield Production

SUMMARYUsing computer simulation model as a management tool requires model calibration and validation against field data. A three-year (2008–2009 to 2010–2011) field study was conducted at the Postgraduate Agricultural Research Station of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to simulate wheat grain yield production as a function of urea fertilizer applications using Crop Environment REsource Synthesis (CERES)-Wheat model. The model was calibrated using yield data for treatment of urea fertilizer application at the rate of 247 kg-urea ha−1 during growing season 2009–2010 and was validated against independent data sets of yield of two years (2008–2009 and 2010–2011) for a wide variety of treatments ranging from no urea application to 247 kg-urea ha−1 application. The model simulations were found to be acceptable for calibration as well as validation period, as the model evaluation indicators showed a mean difference of 8.9%, ranging from 0.05 to 15.38%, root mean square error of 356 having its range from 242 to 471 kg ha−1, against all observed grain yield data. The scenario simulations showed maximum grain yield of 4100 kg ha−1 for 350 kg-urea ha−1 in 2008–2009; 4600 kg ha−1 for 300 kg-urea ha−1 in 2009–2010 and 5200 kg ha−1 for 340 kg-urea ha−1 in 2010–2011. Any further increase in urea application resulted in decline of grain yield function. These results show that model has the ability to simulate effects of urea fertilizer applications on wheat yield; however, the simulated maximum grain yield data need field-based verification.

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Intercropping red clover with silage corn for soil erosion control

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss91-013 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

G. J. Wall ◽

E. A. Pringle ◽

R. W. Sheard

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Cropping System ◽

Red Clover ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Research Station ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Yield Data ◽

Runoff Reduction ◽

Erosion Protection

A red clover intercrop was evaluated in terms of its ability to provide soil erosion protection and its effects on silage corn yields on a Conestoga loam soil at the Elora Research Station, Elora, Ontario. The soil and runoff losses from experimental plots of silage corn (corn system) and silage corn intercropped with red clover (corn/clover system) were compared using the Guelph Rainfall Simulator II. Measurements were made in November 1987 and October 1988, and in April, May, June of 1988 and 1989. Rainfall was applied for 10 min (15 min in June of 1988) on a 1-m2 quadrat at an intensity of 16 cm h−1. Soil loss was significantly (P < 0.05) lower from the corn/clover cropping system than the corn system for all months except June 1989. Runoff reduction with the corn/clover system ranged from 45 to 87%, with largest reductions occurring in June. Reduction of soil loss from the corn/clover system as compared to the corn system ranged from 46 to 78%. Silage corn yield data from 1984 to 1989 illustrated that, where no additional N was added, yields from the corn/clover system consistently exceeded yields from the corn system. Where N was added, continuous corn yields were only slightly greater than those from the corn/clover system. It is concluded that intercropping silage corn with red clover can provide soil erosion protection without significant effect on silage corn yields. Key words: Runoff, erosion, rainfall simulation, residue

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Resistance of Inzen™ grain sorghum to multiple PRE- and POST-applied acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.69 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hunter D. Bowman ◽

Tom Barber ◽

Jason K. Norsworthy ◽

Trenton L. Roberts ◽

Jason Kelley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Research Station ◽

Yield Data ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Double Mutation ◽

Height Reduction

Abstract A non-GMO trait called Inzen™ was recently commercialized in grain sorghum to combat weedy grasses, allowing the use of nicosulfuron POST in the crop. Inzen™ grain sorghum carries a double mutation in the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene Val560Ile and Trp574Leu, which potentially results in cross-resistance to a wide assortment of ALS-inhibiting herbicides. To evaluate the scope of cross-resistance to Weed Science Society of America Group 2 herbicides in addition to nicosulfuron, tests were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station near Marianna, AR, the Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville, AR, and in 2016 at the Pine Tree Research Station near Colt, AR. The tests included ALS-inhibiting herbicides from all five families: sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, pyrimidinylthiobenzoics, triazolinones, and triazolopyrimidines. Treatments were made PRE or POST to grain sorghum at a 1× rate for crops in which each herbicide is labeled. Grain sorghum planted in the PRE trial were Inzen™ and a conventional cultivar. Visible estimates of injury and sorghum heights were recorded at 2 and 4 wk after herbicide application, and yield data were collected at crop maturity. In the PRE trial, no visible injury, sorghum height reduction, or yield loss were observed in plots containing the Inzen™ cultivar. Applications made POST to the Inzen™ grain sorghum caused visible injury, sorghum height reduction, and yield loss of 20%, 13%, and 35%, respectively, only in plots where bispyribac-Na was applied. There was no impact on the crop from other POST-applied ALS-inhibiting herbicides. These results demonstrate that the Inzen™ trait confers cross-resistance to most ALS-inhibiting herbicides and could offer promising new alternatives for weed control and protection from carryover of residual ALS-inhibiting herbicides in grain sorghum.

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Adaptability of the Arginine Maturity Index Method To Virginia Type Peanuts in North Carolina1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-7-2-6 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patricia G. Fincher ◽

Clyde T. Young ◽

Johnny C. Wynne ◽

Astor Perry

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Maturity Index ◽

Research Station ◽

Yield Data ◽

Index Method ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Prediction Curve ◽

One Year

Abstract The Arginine Maturity Index (AMI)- method for estimation of optimum maturity and highest quality of peanuts was evaluated in a two-year research station study (1977 and 1978) of large-seeded Virginia type peanuts grown in North Carolina. A one year study was conducted on farms in seven North Carolina counties in 1978. Samples were collected weekly from both the research station and farms and analyzed for arginine by the modified Sakaguchi reaction. Maximum yield corresponded to minimum AMI values for each cultivar in 1977 and for the NC 5 cultivar in 1978 in the research station study. Prediction curves were derived from each cultivar for each year using a quadratic polyonomial equation. Large differences in AMI data existed between 1977 and 1978 and between cultivars in 1978 at early harvest dates; however, near minimum AMI values, all six curves appear to be similar. AMI and yield data obtained from individual county farms fluctuated throughout the growing season. Generally, higher AMI values were observed for Virginia type than have been reported for Spanish type peanuts. Using the prediction curve derived in Georgia, and subtracting one week, predicted digging dates were within 4 days of the date of maximum dollar return per ha in five of the seven counties. Based on previous experience, the farm data of six counties (with the exception of Nash), was used to derive a tentative optimum harvest prediction equation for North Carolina.

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