Homeschooling, Perceived Social Isolation, and Life Trajectories: An Analysis of Formerly Homeschooled Adults

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Daniel Hamlin ◽  
Albert Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

P2263Prognostic impact of perceived social isolation in patients with heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
K Iwatsu ◽  
K Matsumura ◽  
H Ashikawa ◽  
K Takabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Rehospitalization Rate ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Perceived social isolation (SI), the subjective sense of feelings of loneliness or isolation, has a negative impact on health outcomes, particularly in older adults. Although SI may also contribute to poor prognosis in patients with HF, evidence on the relationship between SI and outcomes in patients with HF is limited. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SI and hospital readmission in patients with HF. Methods This study was a single center prospective cohort study. We consecutively enrolled 203 patients (mean age 72.9±11.7) who admitted for acute HF or exacerbation of chronic HF. At hospital discharge, we assessed perceived SI by using Lubben Social Network Scale - 6 (LSNS-6). Lower scores in LSNS-6 represents greater SI. Study outcome was rehospitalization for worsening HF within 180 days after discharge. We selected the optimal cutoff point of LSNS-6 that predict a worse outcome by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We investigate the association between SI and 180-days HF rehospitalization by using Cox proportional-hazard models, controlling for potential confounding factors. Results During follow up, A total of 40events (19.7%) were observed. The optimal cut-off point of LSNS-6 score was 17 points (the area under the ROC curve: 0.62, p<0.05, sensitivity: 82.5%, specificity 42.4%). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that those patients with greater SI (LSNS-6≤17) presented significantly higher HF rehospitalization rate (Figure). After adjusting for several pre-existing prognostic factors, LSNS-6≤17 was independently associated with HF rehospitalization (hazard ratio2.15,95% confidence interval 1.00–4.89). Conclusion The present study shows that SI is a independent predictor of HF rehospitalization in patients with HF. Assessing SI in the clinical practice with a brief screening tool may help identify patients with heart failure at greater risk of rehospitalization.

Effects of perceived social isolation, fear of social isolation and gratitude during COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety in Malaysia (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cher Yi Tan ◽  
Jia Yi Ng ◽  
Mei-Hua Lin ◽  
Min Hooi Yong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic compelled many countries including Malaysia to impose movement restrictions to curb spreading the virus. Evidence shows that prolonged isolation has negative effects on both physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to examine (1) the mediating effect of perceived social isolation (SI) and fear of social isolation (FSI) on the relationship between gratitude and anxiety, and (2) to explore the moderating effect of age, education and socioeconomic status on the mediation model. METHODS We collected data from 427 participants currently living in Malaysia during the movement restriction order (Mage = 37.90, SD = 16.51, 313 females) from an online survey containing questions pertaining to isolation and gratitude. RESULTS Our mediation analysis showed that gratitude has a positive effect on overcoming anxiety as it also lowers feelings of SI and FSI (B = -.229, β = .128, bootstrap SE = .049, 95% bootstrap CI = [-.332, -.138]). The moderated mediation analyses revealed the indirect effect of gratitude on anxiety through SI was significant for young adults (B = -.148, β = .083, 95% bootstrap CI [-.274, -.042]) and middle-aged (B = -.099, β = -.055, 95% bootstrap CI [-.177, -.033]) but not for older adults (B = -.026, β = -.015, 95% bootstrap CI [-.129, .047]). Results were similar for FSI in that it was significant for middle aged and not significant for older adults (all CIs does not include zero). However the mediation effect was not significant for young adults (B = -.020, β = -.011, 95% bootstrap CI [-.066, .016]). When we examined the moderating effect of education and SES in the parallel mediation model, results showed that the mediation effect of SI and FSI for those with lower levels of education was significant for all SES levels (all CIs did not contain zero). As for those with medium levels of education, the conditional indirect effect of SI and FSI was significant only for low and medium levels of SES but not for high SES. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of having some coping mechanism and social connection during the pandemic to have higher wellbeing and quality of life, especially for middle-aged sample and people from low education and SES background. CLINICALTRIAL None

scholarly journals Loneliness, social isolation, and pain following the COVID-19 outbreak: data from a nationwide internet survey in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Yamada ◽  
Kenta Wakaizumi ◽  
Yasuhiko Kubota ◽  
Hiroshi Murayama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Pain Prevalence ◽  
Pain History ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

Abstract The aim of cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between pain and loneliness and increased social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 25,482 participants, aged 15–79 years, were assessed using an internet survey; the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Short Form 3-item (UCLA-LS3-SF3) was used to assess loneliness, and a modified item of the UCLA-LS3-SF3 was used to measure the perception of increased social isolation during the pandemic. The outcome measures included the prevalence/incidence of pain (i.e., headache, neck or shoulder pain, upper limb pain, low back pain, and leg pain), pain intensity, and chronic pain history/prevalence. Pain intensity was measured by the pain/discomfort item of the 5-level version of the EuroQol 5 Dimension scale. Odds ratios of pain prevalence/incidence and chronic pain history/prevalence according to the UCLA-LS3-SF3 scoring groups (tertiles) and the frequency of the perceived increase in social isolation (categories 1–5) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The mean pain intensity values among different loneliness and social isolation levels were tested using an analysis of covariance. Increased loneliness and the severity of the perceived social isolation were positively associated with pain prevalence/incidence, intensity, and the history/prevalence of chronic pain.

scholarly journals In the Eye of the Beholder: Individual Differences in Perceived Social Isolation Predict Regional Brain Activation to Social Stimuli

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Cacioppo ◽  
Catherine J. Norris ◽  
Jean Decety ◽  
George Monteleone ◽  
Howard Nusbaum
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
The Right ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
Shed Light

Prior research has shown that perceived social isolation (loneliness) motivates people to attend to and connect with others but to do so in a self-protective and paradoxically self-defeating fashion. Although recent research has shed light on the neural correlates of social perception, cooperation, empathy, rejection, and love, little is known about how individual differences in loneliness relate to neural responses to social and emotional stimuli. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that there are at least two neural mechanisms differentiating social perception in lonely and nonlonely young adults. For pleasant depictions, lonely individuals appear to be less rewarded by social stimuli, as evidenced by weaker activation of the ventral striatum to pictures of people than of objects, whereas nonlonely individuals showed stronger activation of the ventral striatum to pictures of people than of objects. For unpleasant depictions, lonely individuals were characterized by greater activation of the visual cortex to pictures of people than of objects, suggesting that their attention is drawn more to the distress of others, whereas nonlonely individuals showed greater activation of the right and left temporo-parietal junction to pictures of people than of objects, consistent with the notion that they are more likely to reflect spontaneously on the perspective of distressed others.

Child Physical Abuse and Self-Perceived Social Isolation Among Adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Elliott ◽  
Susan M. Cunningham ◽  
Meadow Linder ◽  
Melissa Colangelo ◽  
Michelle Gross
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

scholarly journals The default network of the human brain is associated with perceived social isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nathan Spreng ◽  
Emile Dimas ◽  
Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
Philipp Koellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

AbstractHumans survive and thrive through social exchange. Yet, social dependency also comes at a cost. Perceived social isolation, or loneliness, affects physical and mental health, cognitive performance, overall life expectancy, and increases vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias. Despite severe consequences on behavior and health, the neural basis of loneliness remains elusive. Using the UK Biobank population imaging-genetics cohort (n = ~40,000, aged 40–69 years when recruited, mean age = 54.9), we test for signatures of loneliness in grey matter morphology, intrinsic functional coupling, and fiber tract microstructure. The loneliness-linked neurobiological profiles converge on a collection of brain regions known as the ‘default network’. This higher associative network shows more consistent loneliness associations in grey matter volume than other cortical brain networks. Lonely individuals display stronger functional communication in the default network, and greater microstructural integrity of its fornix pathway. The findings fit with the possibility that the up-regulation of these neural circuits supports mentalizing, reminiscence and imagination to fill the social void.

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