Structural equation modelling of potential risk factors for pedestrian accidents in rural and urban roads

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Sheykhfard ◽  
Farshidreza Haghighi ◽  
Trond Nordfjærn ◽  
Mostafa Soltaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents

scholarly journals Relative impact of red blood cell transfusion and anaemia on 5-year mortality in cardiac surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Tran ◽  
Guri Greiff ◽  
Alexander Wahba ◽  
Hilde Pleym ◽  
Vibeke Videm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Rbc Transfusion ◽  
Preoperative Anaemia

Abstract Graphical Abstract OBJECTIVES The aim was to compare the relative effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and preoperative anaemia on 5-year mortality following open-heart cardiac surgery using structural equation modelling. We hypothesized that patient risk factors associated with RBC transfusion are of larger importance than transfusion itself. METHODS This prospective cohort study, part of the Cardiac Surgery Outcome Study at St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, included open-heart on-pump cardiac surgery patients operated on from 2000 through 2017 (n = 9315). Structural equation modelling, which allows for intervariable correlations, was used to analyse pathway diagrams between known risk factors and observed mortality between 30 days and 5 years postoperatively. Observation times between 30 days and 1 year, and 1–5 years postoperatively were also compared with the main analysis. RESULTS In a simplified model, preoperative anaemia had a larger effect on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion (standardized coefficients: 0.17 vs 0.09). The complete model including multiple risk factors showed that patient risk factors such as age (0.15), anaemia (0.10), pulmonary disease (0.11) and higher creatinine level (0.12) had larger effects than transfusion (0.03). Results from several sensitivity analyses supported the main findings. The models showed good fit. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative anaemia had a larger impact on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion. Differences in 5-year mortality were mainly associated with patient risk factors.

scholarly journals Safety Analysis of an Automobile Workshop Using Qualitative Risk Assessment Method and Risk Analysis Through the Structural Equation Modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Ayomide Olawale Akintimehin ◽  
Sunday Ayoola Oke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Repair Service ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Automobile repair service hazards are risk factors for multiple severe accidents, and scientific proof reveals a relationship between repair activity hazards and accidents in the auto-mechanic workshop. In this research, the investigators approximated the impact of risk factors for automobile repair activities, using novel parameters, for severity of hazards and influences on subjects, and based on literature. Next, insights into the relationship between latent variables which are appraised by manifest variables using the structural equation modelling were pursued. The respondents answered questionnaires on probability of hazard occurrence, severity and some identified measured variables. The authors appraised 44 out of the 80 and 98 out of 99 distributed questionnaires for the first and second modules, respectively. The risk levels ranged between low and medium for the medium scale establishment due to the nature of work done in the automobile repair centre which exposes the workers to the level of risk. For the second module involving the use of structural equation modelling, the factor loading was the least for safety behaviours (0.06) and highest for machine efficiency (0.90). Of the fifteen hypotheses formulated six were accepted. It is concluded that the safety behaviour of workers depends safety on the workers in the firm irrespective of other factors such as management commitment to safety, environmental contributions and safety, communications. Understanding the impact of risk factors for automobile repair activities in workers is necessary in elevating awareness absent these parameters and to eliminate accidents.

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Fatalities during Memorial Day Weekends, 1981-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Tang ◽  
Kendra L Ratnapradipa ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
Motao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Fatality Risk ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: Our aims were to determine which day(s) during the holiday had highest motor vehicle fatality risk compared to non-holiday travel and to identify potential risk factors. Results: Of 43,457 traffic fatalities studied, 15,292 (35%) occurred during the holiday, with Saturday being deadliest but Monday having highest odds. Both sexes, all years, age <65, drivers and passengers, rural and urban, and all regions in the United States were at increased risk during the holiday versus non-holiday periods.

scholarly journals The Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: A Genomic Structural Equation Modelling Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle F Foote ◽  
Benjamin M Jacobs ◽  
Georgina Mathlin ◽  
Cameron J Watson ◽  
Phazha LK Bothongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractBackgroundTargeting modifiable risk factors may have a role in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanisms by which these risk factors influence Alzheimer’s risk remain incompletely understood. Genomic structural equation modelling can reveal patterns of shared genetic architecture that provide insight into the pathophysiology of complex traits.MethodsWe identified genome-wide association studies for Alzheimer’s disease and its major modifiable risk factors: less education, hearing loss, hypertension, high alcohol intake, obesity, smoking, depression, social isolation, physical inactivity, type 2 diabetes, sleep disturbance and socioeconomic deprivation. We performed linkage disequilibrium score regression among these traits, followed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.ResultsWe identified complex networks of linkage disequilibrium among Alzheimer’s disease risk factors. The data were best explained by a bi-factor model, incorporating a Common Factor for Alzheimer’s risk, and three orthogonal sub-clusters of risk factors, which were validated across the two halves of the autosome. The first sub-cluster was characterised by risk factors related to sedentary lifestyle behaviours, the second by traits associated with reduced life expectancy and the third by traits that are possible prodromes of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease was more genetically distinct and displayed minimal shared genetic architecture with its risk factors, which was robust to the exclusion of APOE.ConclusionShared genetic architecture may contribute to epidemiological associations between Alzheimer’s disease and its risk factors. Understanding the biology reflected by this communality may provide novel mechanistic insights that could help to prioritise targets for dementia prevention.

scholarly journals Where to Ride? An Explorative Study to Investigate Potential Risk Factors of Personal Mobility Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Jihun Oh ◽  
Jeongseob Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Analysis System

As a mobility of future, the popularity of personal mobility vehicles (PMs) is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, this boom in the use of PMs has resulted in a substantial number of accidents involving not only PM users but also other road users including pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicle drivers. This study aims to explore the potential risk factors for the occurrence of PM-related accidents and the resulting injury severity using the Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) of South Korea between 2017 and 2019. We found that PM–pedestrian accidents tend to occur on roads with wider sidewalks and bike lanes, possibly because the pedestrian–PM conflict increases in this road condition. There is still ongoing debate on whether it is appropriate for PMs to share the sidewalk with pedestrians. Some countries, including Korea, prohibit the use of PMs on sidewalks; however, in reality, this regulation is not well-observed because using PMs on roadways involves higher crash risk with motor vehicles. This study suggests one potential solution to ensure safety of PM users: expansion of bike lane infrastructure having physically separated bike lanes and sidewalks/motorways in addition to the formation and strict enforcement of appropriate safety rules for PM users.

scholarly journals The transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an intensive care unit: a space–time clustering and structural equation modelling approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. RUSHTON ◽  
M. D. F. SHIRLEY ◽  
E. A. SHERIDAN ◽  
C. V. LANYON ◽  
A. G. O'DONNELL
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Modelling Approach

SUMMARYWe investigated the incidence of cases of nosocomial pathogens and risk factors in an intensive treatment unit ward to determine if the number of cases is dependent on location of patients and the colonization/infection history of the ward. A clustering approach method was developed to investigate the patterns of spread of cases through time for five microorganisms [methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Candida spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa] using hospital microbiological monitoring data and ward records of patient-bed use. Cases of colonization/infection by MRSA, Candida and Pseudomonas were clustered in beds and through time while cases of Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were not. We used structural equation modelling to analyse interacting risk factors and the potential pathways of transmission in the ward. Prior nurse contact with colonized/infected patients, mediated by the number of patient-bed movements, were important predictors for all cases, except for those of Pseudomonas. General health and invasive surgery were significant predictors of cases of Candida and Klebsiella. We suggest that isolation and bed movement as a strategy to manage MRSA infections is likely to impact upon the incidence of cases of other opportunist pathogens.

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