Religion and the state in Turkey and Iran: a comparative overview†

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Refat Sayed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Common Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Broad Outline

The question of the relationship between religion and the state in the Islamic world is as old as Islam itself. The experiences of Turkey and Iran during the past 30 years qualify among the most instructive applications of the relationship. In these two cases, the interaction between the systems of governance, on the one hand, and the Islamic cultural and legislative heritage, on the other, represents a common factor, whereas they differ in terms of the doctrinal reference on which each of these experiences is based. They also differ in perspective, application mechanisms and their relations with the West. The present research can be encapsulated, in broad outline, under five main headlines which raise questions more than provide answers: (1) the historical background of the relationship between religion and the state in the Turkish and Iranian models; (2) the effect of the ascent of revolutionary Islam in Iran, after the revolution of 1979, on the problematic of state–religion relations; (3) from ‘well-being’ to ‘justice and development’: limitations and prospects of a historical compromise between religion, secularism and the state; (4) points of controversy and commonalities in the Turkish and Iranian experiences from the 1980s to the end of 2012; and (5) looking into the relationship of each of these two models with the Arab Spring revolutions: are they determinants of these revolutions or investing in their development?

scholarly journals Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

scholarly journals JOVENS BRASILEIROS, DESCENDENTES DE ITALIANOS: relações transnacionais e significados da dupla cidadania

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Santagati
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Great Cost ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que reconstrói biografias de jovens brasileiros que são descendentes de italianos, com a cidadania italiana ou à espera de retorno ou de partida para a Itália. A análise propõe uma exploração dos múltiplos sentidos, instrumentais e simbólicos, da cidadania e aprofunda o relacionamento dos oriundi com o seus antepassados: por um lado, os jovens entrevistados são colocados em um "mercado da cidadania", dirigido por profissionais mais ou menos competentes e honestos, que se propõem buscar a documentação necessária para a aquisição da cidadania, vendendo a um preço elevado o "sonho italiano". Por outro lado, eles pretendem viajar para a Itália em busca de suas raízes, impulsionados pela memória e lembranças de família, em uma mobilidade facilitada por redes transnacionais de familiares e amigos. O estudo de caso mostra que as migrações nunca são definitivas, mas são viagens de ida e volta: o caminho para a Itália destes jovens é um caminho oposto aos avós e bisavós, que vieram no passado do Brasil, e caracteriza a trajetória de pessoas que, ao mesmo tempo, reivindicam um vínculo formal e emocional com a terra de seus antepassados, mas estão procurando melhores oportunidades de vida na Itália e na Europa.Palavras-chave: Jovens. Cidadania. Migrações. Redes transnacionais.YOUNG BRAZILIANS WITH ITALIAN ORIGINS: transnational relationships and meanings of dual citizenshipAbstract: The article presents the outcomes of a qualitative investigation whose objective was to write the biography of young Brazilians with Italian origins, young Brazilians waiting for or already possessing Italian citizenship and young Brazilians waiting to get back to Italy. The study examines the multiple meanings of citizenship and analyzes the relationship of Italian Oriundi Brazilians with the country of their ancestors:on the one hand, the interviewees live in a sort of "market of citizenship", managed by officers with variable levels of expertise and honesty. These officers are responsible for searching the documents required to obtain Italian citizenship and sell the "Italian dream" at great cost. On the other hand, young Brazilians consider their journey to Italy as a way back to their origins, guided by their memories and those of their family and supported by transnational networks of relatives and friends. The case study here presented highlights how migrations are actually endless. These are instead more similar to round trips: young Brazilians'way back to Italy is opposite to that of their grandparents and great grandparents travelling to Brazil in the past; furthermore, it is a way for them to restore an emotional bond as well as a formal link with the land of their ancestors, but also to search for better opportunities in Italy and in Europe.Keywords: Youngs. Citizenship. Migrations. Transnational networks.JÓVENES BRASILEÑOS, DESCENDIENTES DE ITALIANOS: relaciones transnacionales y sentido de la doble ciudadaníaResumen: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa, que ha tenido el objetivo principal de recoger algunas biografías de jóvenes brasileños, descendientes de italianos, con ciudadanía italiana o en espera de obtenerla, sino también de regreso o en espera de la partida hacia Italia. El análisis ofrece una exploración de una moltitud de sentidos, instrumentales y simbólicos, de la ciudadanía y profundiza la relación de los oriundi con el país de sus ancestros: por una parte, los jóvenes entrevistados se colocan en un "mercado de la ciudadanía", administrado por expertos más o menos eficientes y honestos, que se proponen lograr la documentación necesaria a la adquisición de la ciudadanía, vendiendo a precios altos el "sueño italiano". Por la otra, ellos miran al viaje hacia Italia como a un recorrido para encontrar sus orígenes, acompañados por la memoria y los recuerdos familiares, facilitados en la movilidad gracias a las redes transnacionales de familiares y conocidos. A través del caso examinado, se ve que las migraciones nunca son definitivas, sino viajes de ida y vuelta: el recorrido hacia Italia de estos jóvenes representa un camino inverso respecto a lo de los abuelos y bisabuelos que han llegado en pasado a Brasil y caracteriza la trayectoria de personas que, en el mismo tiempo, reclaman una relación afectiva y formal con la tierra de los ancestros, pero buscan también mejores oportunidades de vida en Italia y Europa.Palabras clave: Jóvenes. Ciudadanía. Migraciones. Redes transnacionales.

Legislative aspects of interaction between the state and religious organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
S. Savushkin
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Political Factor ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we write about the relationship of religious and moral traditions and the state regulatory apparatus. The significant place of religion in the Constitution and legislative acts of Russia and other countries is emphasized. The work deals with some aspects of the Federal law "On freedom of conscience and religion" and the danger of missionary expansion from the outside. Religion is not only a part of the spiritual life of the country, a source of ethical norms, but also a serious political factor. Through non-cultural religious groups, the country may weaken and lose its state sovereignty. In Russia, statehood was formed on the basis of the traditions of the Orthodox Church, so the opportunities in the development of the Russian state largely depend on its well-being. Qualitative and balanced stateconfessional relations are the basis of Russia's spiritual security.

The Treatment of Phthisis in Asylums by Urea and its Salts

1903 ◽  
Vol 49 (204) ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
J. Lougheed Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Division I ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Division 2

There has been a considerable amount of attention called to the subject of phthisis in asylums lately, and since the publication of the report of the Tuberculosis Committee the subject has appeared in a broader light. Although much is being and has been done for the prevention of phthisis by means of the Sanatorium movement, and the varieties of the technique of hygiene which are included in that treatment, yet there are still many aspects of the disease (both in the sane and insane) which require precise investigation, such as the variations in the composition of the secretions and excretions when the body is in the state of phthisical toxæmia; the relationship of the tuberculous toxæmia to other toxæmias, such as the influenzal (27), gouty, etc.; the accumulation of toxins, and its relations to recurrent forms of disease. The number of deaths from tubercle here during the past year we find to be ten; in 1900 it was nine, and 1899 it was fifteen, so that from a percentage of 1.3 in 1899 it has dropped to 0'85 in 1901. On examining the position of this asylum in the tables drawn up by the Tuberculosis Committee (1) we find it tenth in the asylums in England and Wales which are classified under Division i, which asylums have a tubercular death-rate of from 0.5 to 2.2, the county asylum at Exminster having a percentage of 1.3. This compares favourably with other asylums, some in the Division 2 having a tubercular death-rate of 5.1 and 8 per cent. respectively.

scholarly journals Specificity of Palamite theology, its origins and later reception

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-441
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Biryukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Modern Natural Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A conversation with Dmitry Biryukov, Doctor of Philosophy, a researcher of the work of the late Byzantine theologian Gregory Palamas (1296–1359), is devoted to a discussion of the peculiarities of the doctrine of this authoritative church teacher, as well as the reception of his legacy in the 19th–20th centuries after centuries of oblivion. In the course of the conversation, the basic metaphysical scheme of Palamite theology is indicated — the distinction between essence and energies in God; on the one hand, the continuity of this scheme in relation to the theology of the Cappadocian Fathers is traced, and, on the other hand, its novelty is revealed; the origins and parallels of this distinction are discussed, in particular its connection with Christology, as well as the influence of Evagrianism on Palamas; the types of divine energies in the Palamite doctrine are indicated and the question of the difference in theological languages in which the idea of deification (theosis) as a union of man with God is expressed. Particular attention is paid to the concept of “energy” and its various connotations, including those associated with its modern natural science understanding. The philosophical dimension of the theology of Palamas, including in connection with the intellectual culture of his time, is discussed, as well as the relationship of hesychasm as a monastic practice and Palamism as a theological and philosophical doctrine. The concluding part of the conversation, dedicated to the reception of Palamism after centuries of oblivion, traces the history of the study, interpretation and actualization of the teachings of Gregory Palamas over the past two centuries — from Slavophiles to Soviet and contemporary researchers. Particular attention is paid to the so-called neo-Palamism in its various versions — both religious-philosophical and theological.

Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Dennis Michael Warren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

Bastard Feudalism and the Framing of Thirteenth-Century England

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coss
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In the introduction to his great work of 2005, Framing the Early Middle Ages, Chris Wickham urged not only the necessity of carefully framing our studies at the outset but also the importance of closely defining the words and concepts that we employ, the avoidance ‘cultural sollipsism’ wherever possible and the need to pay particular attention to continuities and discontinuities. Chris has, of course, followed these precepts on a vast scale. My aim in this chapter is a modest one. I aim to review the framing of thirteenth-century England in terms of two only of Chris’s themes: the aristocracy and the state—and even then primarily in terms of the relationship between the two. By the thirteenth century I mean a long thirteenth century stretching from the period of the Angevin reforms of the later twelfth century on the one hand to the early to mid-fourteenth on the other; the reasons for taking this span will, I hope, become clearer during the course of the chapter, but few would doubt that it has a validity.

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