Winner Take All: Case Study of the Double Helix. Fred JevonsA Worm in the Bud: Case Study of the Pesticide Controversy. David Wade ChambersOn the Social Analysis of Science. David Wade ChambersRed and Expert: A Case Study of Chinese Science in the Cultural Revolution. David Wade Chambers

Isis ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Chinese Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Winner Take All ◽  
Take All ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Venice Between Fascism and International Tourism, 1911–45

Modern Italy ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J.B. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Political History ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Italian City ◽  
Fascist Regime ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

SummaryThis article uses Venice as a case study of the ‘cultural revolution’ urged by some historians as a feature of the totalitarianizing ambition of the Fascist regime. But Bosworth finds a Venice which, though plainly affected by Fascism, nonetheless preserved much that was its own and much that expressed a continuity with the liberal era before 1922 and the liberal democratic one after 1945. He shows that many of the rhythms of Venetian life moved in ways which were different from those of political history, and argues that such differences ensured that Fascism scarcely instituted an all-controlling and completely alienating totalitarian society, at least in this Italian city.

Social Information and Gender Differences in Competitive Preferences

2021 ◽  
pp. 056943452110542
Author(s):  
Christopher Roby
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Addition Task ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Winner Take All ◽  
Take All

This is an exploratory study that examines the effect of social information on gender differences in selection into a winner-take-all tournament, using a simple addition task. Participants perform this task in multiple rounds and then select into a competitive or non-competitive pay scheme. Prior to choosing payment schemes, participants are shown selected results about average performance and choices in a similar experiment. I find that the inclusion of social information eliminates any extant gender gap in competitive choices in every treatment. The reduction in the gender gap is not due to greater efficiency of choices by men or women, even though inefficient choices by low-performing individuals are mostly eliminated. Rather, the inclusion of feedback causes men and women to select into a competitive pay scheme in a similar manner, thereby removing the gender gap. Despite these results, the complexity of the social information intervention used leaves some results unexplained. JEL Codes: C9, J2, J16.

The Soviet Discourse on the Origin and Class Character of Islam, 1923-1933

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Totalitarian State ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

AbstractThe article examines the growing radicalization of the Marxist anti-Islamic discourse in the USSR as a case-study of "Soviet Orientalism". To which of Marx's five socio-economic formations should Muslim society be assigned? During the relatively pluralistic period of the New Economic Policy (1921-1927) Marxist scholars offered various answers. Many argued that Islam emerged from the trading community of Mecca and was trade-capitalist by nature (M. Reisner, E. Beliaev, L. Klimovich). Others held that Islam reflected the interests of the agriculturalists of Medina (M. Tomara), or of the Bedouin nomads (V. Ditiakin, S. Asfendiarov); and some even detected communist elements in Islam (Z. and D. Navshirvanov). All authors found support in the Qur'ān and works of Western Orientalists. By the late 1920s Marx' and Engels' scattered statements on Islam became central in the discourse, and in 1930 Liutsian Klimovich rejected the Qur'ān altogether by arguing that the book, as well as Muhammad himself, were mere inventions of later times. By the end of the Cultural Revolution (1929-1931) it was finally "established" that Islam was "feudal" in character, and critical studies of Islam became impossible for decades. The "feudal" interpretation legitimized the Soviet attack on Islam and Muslim societies at that time; but also many of the Marxist writers on Islam perished in Stalin's Terror. We suggest that the harsh polemics the authors directed against each other in the discourse contributed to their later repression. By lending itself to the interests of the totalitarian state, Soviet Marxist Islamology committed suicide—the ultimate form of "Orientalism".

Red service-intellectual: Phouk Chhay, Maoist China, and the Cultural Revolution in Cambodia, 1964–67

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-308
Author(s):  
Matthew Galway
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Intellectual Curiosity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Radical Culture ◽  
Maoist China ◽  
Rural Student ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

This article examines the phenomenon of Cambodian intellectual curiosity about China through the social experiences of Phouk Chhay, a prominent leftist activist-critic and Pol Pot's one-time secretary. Amid Phnom Penh's urban radical culture, Phouk transformed from rural student to Communist guerrilla. He associated with Communists, formed pro-China student associations, and through his networks, went on trips that left lasting impressions. This study draws from issues of the Cambodian-Chinese newspaper Mianhua ribao (Sino-Khmer Daily) and several forced confessions to tell a story of becoming that examines community and network in charting the course of ‘China-curiosity’ as intertwined with Phouk's life trajectory.

scholarly journals Wang Zhen's Role in the Recovery of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corpus (Early 1980s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
D.A. Glazunov
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) or Bingtuan originates to the ancient military settlements (Tuntian or Tunken) on the border territories. Their goal is to protect and develop border areas, restore and progress the economy. Tunken, regardless of historical conditions, has always been an exclusively state-owned economic system. Therefore, the XPCC, despite the fact that it originated in 1952; it is based on the long tradition of its historical predecessors. At the same time, during the Soviet period, Tunken absorbed communist ideals, the experience of Soviet state farms, scientific achievements in the social and national building and military defense. In the subsequent period, in the Cultural Revolution, Bingt^n fell into disrepair and was liquidated. A new stage in the history of the Xinjiang Corps came with the beginning of the era of reform and opening. But all over china, the time of Bingtuan has come to an end: many state-owned enterprises and state farms associated with the development of border territories have totally transformed into independent economic units focused on the market. Thanks to the activities of Wang Zhen, who was well aware of the social realities of the region, an exception was made for Xinjiang, in which Bingtuan was restored in the early 1980s. The paper examines Wang Zhen's role in the revival of the XPCC, the reasons that influenced his position.

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