Fabrication of 3D hierarchical Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Exploring and fabricating a suitable photoanode with high catalytic activity is critical for enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. Herein, a novel 3D hierarchical Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode was fabricated by a hydrothermal route, combining with an annealing process. The morphology, crystal structure were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results reveal the successful preparation of Fe2O3 nanothorns on the surface of SnO2 nanosheets. The as-fabricated 3D Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode yields obviously promoted PEC performance with a photocurrent density of approximate 5.85 mA cm-2, measured in a mixture of Na2S (0.25 M) and Na2SO3 (0.35 M) aqueous solution at 1.23 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). This value of photocurrent is about 53 times higher than that of the bare SnO2 photoanode. The obvious improved PEC properties can be attributed to the 3D Fe2O3/SnO2 heterostructures that offer outstanding light harvesting ability as well as improved charge transport and separation. These results suggest that exploring a suitable 3D hierarchical photoanode is an effective approach to boost PEC performance.approach to boost PEC performance.

Preparation and photoelectrochemical performance of nano Bi2S3–TiO2 composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senlin Li ◽  
Jinliang Huang ◽  
Xiangmei Ning ◽  
Yongchao Chen ◽  
Qingkui Shi
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
External Bias ◽  
Transmission Electron

TiO2 nanorod (NR) arrays were prepared on FTO by the simple hydrothermal synthesizing method. On this basis, a layer of Bi2S3 quantum dots (QDs) was covered on the surface of TiO2 NRs array by solvothermal method, by which the Nano Bi2S3/TiO2 NRs composites films were obtained. The phase structure, morphologies, optical absorptions and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical workstation. The results indicate that the concentration of tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) has a great influence on the morphology of the film, with the increase of TBT content, the array of TiO2 NRs changed from loose to tight, and the thin films were cracked when the TBT volume is up to 0.7[Formula: see text]mL; The absorption of the TiO2 NRs array film to the visible light is enhanced significantly when sensitized with Bi2S3 and the absorption wavelength is increased from 400[Formula: see text]nm to 800[Formula: see text]nm. Compared with the pure TiO2, the fluorescence intensity of the TiO2/Bi2S3 NRs is weakened, and there is no obvious fluorescence diffraction peak. Under the irradiation of standard (AM1.5[Formula: see text]G 100[Formula: see text]mW/cm[Formula: see text], the photocurrent density of the composite film increased significantly. When the external bias voltage is 1.2[Formula: see text]V, the current density of the composite films is five times of that of the pure TiO2.

Investigation of interfacial phenomena in Ag–Si multilayers during the annealing process

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2888-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Zhao ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
R. P. Liu ◽  
X. Y. Zhang ◽  
L. M. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Interfacial Phenomena ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Interfacial phenomena and microstructure in Ag–Si multilayers with a modulation period of 7.64 nm during annealing from 323 to 573 K were investigated by in situ x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Uphill and downhill diffusion were observed on annealing. The temperature dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient from 373 K (as to downhill diffusion regime) to 523 K was De = 2.02 × 10−20 exp(−0.24 eV/kBT) m2/s. Diffusion of silicon atoms along silver grain boundaries was proposed as the main diffusion mechanism. After annealing, continuous silver sublayers changed to nanometer-sized silver particles (about 4.5 nm) coated completely by amorphous silicon.

scholarly journals On the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction on Ni-MoOx composite catalysts in alkaline solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borka Jovic ◽  
Uros Lacnjevac ◽  
Vladimir Jovic ◽  
Ljiljana Gajic-Krstajic ◽  
Nedeljko Krstajic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Catalysts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Kinetics Of

MoO3 particles were co-deposited with Ni onto smooth or rough Ni supports from modified Watt?s baths of different compositions. Morphology and composition of the electrodeposits were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts for H2 evolution in alkaline solutions was determined by quasi-stationary polarization curves. Activity increases with MoOx content in the Ni deposit up to a limiting value. Composite Ni-MoOx catalyst performed high catalytic activity, similar to that of commercial Ni-RuO2 catalyst. Stability tests showed that Ni-MoOx codeposits are stable under condition of constant current and exhibit excellent tolerance to repeated short-circuiting.

SYNTHESIS AND FIELD EMISSION PROPERTIES OF SnS2 AND In-DOPED SnS2 WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

NANO ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. X. ZHONG ◽  
C. X. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Emission Properties ◽  
Field Emission Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron

A simple hydrothermal route was employed to prepare flower-like SnS2 and In -doped SnS2 by using biomolecular L-cysteine as sulfur source. The synthetic samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in detail. Furthermore, the field emission from both the materials was investigated, it was found that both of them have excellent field emission properties, and the doped In has enhanced the field emission properties.

Environmentally Synthesis of Metallic Oxide Short-Nanorod with Biological Compatibility by Organic Solvent Assisted Annealing Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
Zao Yang ◽  
Quan Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Future Work

Metallic oxide ZnO short-nanorod of 33-83 nm in diameters and length up to 0.3um.with biological compatibility are environmentally fabricated by organic solvent-assisted annealing pro- cess. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It demonstrates that the obtained ZnO short-nanorods have good crystal quality. A growth mechanism is proposed. This paper establish base for application of Metallic oxide short-nanorod to the area of bioscience in our future work.

scholarly journals Mechanochemically Synthesized Supported Magnetic Fe-Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Efficient Vanillin Production

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Márquez‐Medina ◽  
Daily Rodríguez-Padrón ◽  
Alina M. Balu ◽  
Antonio A. Romero ◽  
Mario J. Muñoz-Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Vanillyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Precursor ◽  
Transmission Electron

Magnetically separable nanocatalysts were synthesized by incorporating ironnanoparticles on a mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-SBA-15) through a mechanochemical grindingpathway in a single step. Noticeably, magnetic features were achieved by employing biomass wasteas a carbon source, which additionally may confer high oxygen functionalities to the resultingmaterial. The resulting catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry, andmagnetic susceptibility. The magnetic nanocatalysts were tested in the selective oxidative cleavagereaction of isoeugenol and vanillyl alcohol to vanillin. As a result, the magnetic nanocatalystsdemonstrated high catalytic activity, chemical stability, and enormous separation/reusabilityqualities. The origin of catalytic properties and its relationship with the iron oxide precursor wereanalyzed in terms of the chemical, morphological, and structural properties of the samples. Suchanalysis allows, thus, to highlight the superficial concentration of the iron entities and the interactionwith Al as key factors to obtain a good catalytic response.

A High Resolution Study of G.P. Zones in Aluminum - 4.2 at % Silver

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 722-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Study

The phenomenon of clustering in Al-Ag alloys has been extensively studied since the early work of Guinierl, wherein the pre-precipitation state was characterized as an assembly of spherical, ordered, silver-rich G.P. zones. Subsequent x-ray and TEM investigations yielded results in general agreement with this model. However, serious discrepancies were later revealed by the detailed x-ray diffraction - based computer simulations of Gragg and Cohen, i.e., the silver-rich clusters were instead octahedral in shape and fully disordered, atleast below 170°C. The object of the present investigation is to examine directly the structural characteristics of G.P. zones in Al-Ag by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

The Effect of the Microstructure of Diffusion Barriers on the Palladium Activation for Electroless Copper Deposition

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Woo Hong ◽  
Yong Sun Lee ◽  
Ki-Chul Park ◽  
Jong-Wan Park
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Copper Deposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plan View ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electroless Copper ◽  
Sheet Resistance Measurement ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe effect of microstructure of dc magnetron sputtered TiN and TaN diffusion barriers on the palladium activation for autocatalytic electroless copper deposition has been investigated by using X-ray diffraction, sheet resistance measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and plan view transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The density of palladium nuclei on TaN diffusion barrier increases as the grain size of TaN films decreases, which was caused by increasing nitrogen content in TaN films. Plan view TEM results of TiN and TaN diffusiton barriers showed that palladium nuclei formed mainly on the grain boundaries of the diffusion barriers.

Palladium Nanowire Thin Films via Template Growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghai Wang ◽  
David T. Johnson ◽  
Byron F. McCaughey ◽  
J. Eric Hampsey ◽  
Jibao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conductive Substrate ◽  
Palladium Nanowires ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
Silica Thin Film

AbstractPalladium nanowires have been electrodeposited into mesoporous silica thin film templates. Palladium continually grows and fills silica mesopores starting from a bottom conductive substrate, providing a ready and efficient route to fabricate a macroscopic palladium nanowire thin films for potentially use in fuel cells, electrodes, sensors, and other applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate it is possible to create different nanowire morphology such as bundles and swirling mesostructure based on the template pore structure.

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