Strong Spatial Aggregation of Martian Surface Temperature Shaped by Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Meteorological and Environmental Factors

Author(s):  
Yaowen Luo ◽  
Jianguo Yan ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Jean-Pierre Barriot
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2206
Author(s):  
Yaowen Luo ◽  
Jianguo Yan ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Bo Li

Variations in the Martian surface temperature indicate patterns of surface energy exchange. The Martian surface temperature at a location is similar to those in adjacent locations; but, an understanding of temperature clusters in multiple locations will deepen our knowledge of planetary surface processes overall. The spatial coherence of the Martian surface temperature (ST) at different locations, the spatio-temporal variations in temperature clusters, and the relationships between ST and near-surface environmental factors, however, are not well understood. To fill this gap, we studied an area to the south of Utopia Planitia, the landing zone for the Tianwen-1 Mars Exploration mission. The spatial aggregation of three Martian ST indicators (STIs), including sol average temperature (SAT), sol temperature range (STR), and sol-to-sol temperature change (STC), were quantitatively evaluated using clustering analysis at the global and local scale. In addition, we also detected the spatio-temporal variations in relations between the STIs and seven potential driving factors, including thermal inertia, albedo, dust, elevation, slope, and zonal and meridional winds, across the study area during 81 to 111 sols in Martian years 29–32, based on a geographically and temporally weighted regression model (GTWR). We found that the SAT, STR, and STC were not randomly distributed over space but exhibited signs of significant spatial aggregation. Thermal inertia and dust made the greatest contribution to the fluctuation in STIs over time. The local surface temperature was likely affected by the slope, wind, and local circulation, especially in the area with a large slope and low thermal inertia. In addition, the sheltering effects of the mountains at the edge of the basin likely contributed to the spatial difference in SAT and STR. These results are a reminder that the spatio-temporal variation in the local driving factors associated with Martian surface temperature cannot be neglected. Our research contributes to the understanding of the surface environment that might compromise the survival and operations of the Tianwen-1 lander on the Martian surface.


2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIHIRO SHIOMOTO ◽  
YASUTAKA FUJIMOTO ◽  
NAOYA MIMURA ◽  
AKIHIRO SASAKI ◽  
DAICHI ITOI ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Torres-Huerta ◽  
Ramón Andrés López-Pérez ◽  
Margarito Tapia-García ◽  
Adolfo Gracía

Information on the relationship between batoid demersal assemblages and environmental factors is scarce. We captured a total of 23414 batoids belonging to 16 species with bottom trawls at 243 sampling stations in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico. The species Urotrygon rogersi, Urotrygon chilensis and Narcine vermiculatus represented 70.1% of the abundance and 46.3% of the biomass. Five batoid assemblages were identified using hierarchical cluster and similarity profile analyses. Four assemblages were located at depths less than 40m and one assemblage was located at depths between 40 and 62m. The main batoid group was located in front of the most important lagoon complexes. The abundance biomass comparison method indicated that small species were dominant in terms of abundance in most assemblages. The set of environmental conditions and habitat characteristics (longitude, depth and sea surface temperature) present in the Gulf of Tehuantepec predicted important changes in the batoid community and affected its spatiotemporal distribution pattern.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Ben Niu ◽  
Xiaojie Yang ◽  
Song Gu

We examined the response of soil CO2emissions to warming and environmental control mechanisms in an alpine swamp meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Experimental warming treatments were performed in an alpine swamp meadow ecosystem using two open-top chambers (OTCs) 40 cm (OA) and 80 cm (OB) tall. The results indicate that temperatures were increased by 2.79°C in OA and 4.96°C in OB, that ecosystem CO2efflux showed remarkable seasonal variations in the control (CK) and the two warming treatments, and that all three systems yielded peak values in August of 123.6, 142.3, and 166.2 g C m−2 month−1. Annual CO2efflux also showed a gradual upward trend with increased warming: OB (684.1 g C m−2 year−1) > OA (580.7 g C m−2 year−1) > CK (473.3 g C m−2 year−1). Path analysis revealed that the 5 cm depth soil temperature was the most important environmental factor affecting soil CO2emissions in the three systems.


Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1811-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Singh ◽  
Aakriti Grover ◽  
Jinyan Zhan

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Zhou ◽  
Yuhong Tian ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy ◽  
Yongjiu Dai ◽  
Haishan Chen

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Martono Martono

Sea surface temperature plays an important role in air-sea interactions. This research was conducted to understand seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters. The data used in this research was daily sea surface temperature in 1986 to 2015 which was obtained from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center - National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Method used in this study was the anomaly analysis. The result showed that the seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters varied. Seasonal variations of SST in the Makasar Strait, Sulawesi Sea, and Halmahera Sea were low. High seasonal variations of sea surface temperature occurred in the southern waters of Java, Timor Sea, Arafura Sea, and Banda Sea, which were allegedly due to the upwelling process. In addition, interannual variation of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters fluctuated. From 1986 to 2000, it showed a negative anomaly dominant. Meanwhile, from 2001 to 2015, it showed a positive anomaly dominant. The effect of Indian Ocean Dipole on the fluctuation of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters was stronger than ENSO. Within the last 30 years, the sea surface temperature in the Indonesian water indicated a rising trend. The highest sea surface temperature rise occurred in the Halmahera Sea that reached 0.66 OC/30 years and the lowest was in the Timor Sea of 0.36 OC/30 years.


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