Core-edge 2D fluid modeling of full tokamak discharge with varying magnetic equilibrium: from WEST start-up to ramp-down

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Scotto d'Abusco ◽  
Giorgio Giorgiani ◽  
Jean-Francois Artaud ◽  
Hugo Bufferand ◽  
Guido Ciraolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Electron Heat ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fusion Operation ◽  
Discharge Simulation ◽  
Plasma Core ◽  
First Time ◽  
Magnetic Equilibrium

Abstract In the present work we investigate for the first time the 2D fluid transport of the plasma in WEST during an entire discharge from the start-up to the ramp-down (shot #54487). The evolution of density profile, electron and ion temperatures together with the experimental magnetic equilibrium, total current and gas-puff rate is investigated. Comparisons with the interferometry diagnostic show a remarkable overall qualitative agreement during the discharge that can be quantitative at some locations in the plasma core. If at the onset of the X-points during the ramp-up the electron heat flux is dominant at the target, present results show that the ion heat flux becomes dominant during the stationary phase of the discharge. Using a simple model for erosion, present results assess the tungsten sputtering due to deuterium ions during the start-up and ramp-up phases of the discharge and confirms the need to consider full discharge simulation to accurately treat the W source of contamination. This work also demonstrates the interest of developing magnetic equilibrium free solver including efficient time integration to step toward predictive capabilities in the future for fusion operation.

The New Business Road Test: What Entrepreneurs and Investors Should Do Before Launching a Lean Startup, by John Mullins

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
José Luis Albites Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Road Test ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Plan B ◽  
Entrepreneurial Team ◽  
New Business ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lean Startup ◽  
Thought Leaders

John Mullins is a researcher, teacher and one of the world’s foremost thought leaders in entrepreneurship. Over the years, John has been hailed as an inspiration for entrepreneurs who have employed the models outlined in books such as Getting to Plan B or The Customer-Funded Business, in order to transform their ideas into global startup companies. Now in its 5th edition, The New Business Road Test guides the reader through the complex yet gripping process of testing a business idea. How can you be completely sure that your list of start-up ideas is good or bad? How much time or money should you invest in each of these ideas? And, for first-time entrepreneurs, should you embark upon a start-up just because you love your idea? Should you leave a stable job and focus entirely on what feels to you like a good business idea? Mullins’ book offers thoughtful readers guidance on the thorny issues associated with entrepreneurship that you yourself may be facing even as you read this introduction. In order to fully understand the theories behind the tools and advice for testing your idea, we must start by understanding Mullins’ vision of the entrepreneurial world. The book begins by defining three elements crucial to the success of a business: the market, the industry, and the entrepreneurial team.

The role of electron heat flux in guide-field magnetic reconnection

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5387-5397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hesse ◽  
Masha Kuznetsova ◽  
Joachim Birn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
Electron Heat

scholarly journals Annual Southern Ocean heat flux measured for first time

Eos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (44) ◽  
pp. 452-452
Author(s):  
Colin Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals The electron heat flux in the polar solar wind: Ulysses observations

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2129-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl E. Scime ◽  
Allen E. Badeau ◽  
J. E. Littleton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electron Heat

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship Education and Disability: An Experience at a Spanish University

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Muñoz ◽  
Yolanda Salinero ◽  
Isidro Peña ◽  
Jesus David Sanchez de Pablo
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

The European Commission considers the following groups of entrepreneurs: females, family businesses, liberal professions, migrants, and seniors. Disabled people are not included, and this paper could, therefore, open up a new field of research and an important issue to be considered among the European Union’s social objectives. The University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) in Spain provides an entrepreneurship education course, “Entrepreneurship and disability,” for disabled students. It is the first time that a course with these characteristics has been taught at a Spanish University, which signifies that there is no similar research of this nature. Keeping in mind its originality, this study makes an important contribution to the field. The main objective is to analyze whether the motivation to start up a business differs between students with disabilities and those without. We analyzed “before” and “after” data in order to test the potential impact of entrepreneurship education on the students’ entrepreneurial attitude. An analysis of variance with several demographic variables has allowed us to prove that the education that students received, their business experience, and their field of study have significant effects. This statistical test showed no significant differences between disabled and non-disabled students.

Regulation of the solar wind electron heat flux from 1 to 5 AU: Ulysses observations

1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (A12) ◽  
pp. 23401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl E. Scime ◽  
Samuel J. Bame ◽  
William C. Feldman ◽  
S. Peter Gary ◽  
John L. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electron Heat ◽  
Solar Wind Electron

A nitrate biosensor based methodology for monitoring anoxic activated sludge activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sin ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Single Step ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
High Data ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Nitrate Uptake Rate ◽  
First Time

An improved methodology based on a nitrate biosensor is developed and applied successfully for in-depth monitoring and study of anoxic activated sludge activities. The major advantages of the methodology are its simplicity, reliability and high data quality. The resulting data allowed for the first time to monitor anoxic respiration rate of activated sludge (nitrate uptake rate (NUR)) at a high time resolution making it clearly comparable with high frequency oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurements obtained under aerobic conditions. Further, the anoxic respiration data resulting from a pulse addition of carbon source to endogenously respiring anoxic activated sludge shows a clear start-up phenomenon and storage tail that is usually also observed in high-frequency OUR measurements. Finally, the improved methodology can be expected to serve as an anoxic respirometer for activated sludge treatment plants where denitrification process occurs in single-step. Further, it can be used for a variety of purposes e.g. for toxicity and activity monitoring, process control and parameter estimation of the activated sludge process, similar to the aerobic respirometers.

The Initial Decrease in Effective Peritoneal Surface Area is Not Caused by an Increase in Hematocrit

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk G. Struijk ◽  
Raymond T. Krediet ◽  
Ger C.M. Koomen ◽  
Elisabeth W. Boeschoten ◽  
Franciscus J. Hoek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Transport Kinetics ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fluid Removal ◽  
Peritoneal Surface ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
First Time

The possible relationship between Initial changes In functional characteristics of the peritoneal membrane In time and hemoglobin (Hb) or hematocrit (Ht) was analyzed as part of a prospective longitudinal study. The patients were Investigated twice: the first time within 3 months after the start of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and again 4 months later. Mass transfer area coefficients (MTC) for low molecular weight solutes and net fluid removal were calculated during a 4-hour dwell, glucose 1.36%. Thirty-four patients were analyzed. MTC (mean±SD, mL/min/1.73 m2) were higher during the first examination: urea 22.6 versus 19.9, p<0.05; lactate 15.6 versus 13.8, p<0.001; creatinine 10.5 versus 9.3, p<0.05; glucose 9.4 versus 7.9, p<0.001. Net fluid removal was lower during the first examination: 28 versus 99 mL/mln/1.73 m2, p<0.05. Hb and Ht increased between the two examinations (Hb: 5.4 vs 6.1 mmol/L, p<0.001; Ht: 0.26 vs 0.29, p<0.001). No relation was found between the absolute or relative change In Hb or Ht and the absolute or relative change In solute and fluid transport between the same examinations. In conclusion, Hb and Ht Increased between the first and second examinations. The simultaneously observed changes in peritoneal transport kinetics could not be attributed to changes In Hb or Ht. Therefore, the changes In transport kinetics during the first months on CAPD are probably due to the recent start of the treatment, possibly by an Increase In peritoneal surface area. LocalIrritation by the dialysate may be the causative mechanism.

A new MHD model for Io's and Europa's plasma interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljona Blöcker ◽  
Lorenz Roth ◽  
Nickolay Ivchenko ◽  
Emmanuel Chané ◽  
Ronny Keppens
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Inelastic Collisions ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Plasma Interaction ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Electron Heat ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Auroral Emissions

&lt;p&gt;Io and Europa are embedded in Jupiter&amp;#8217;s magnetosphere and the moons&amp;#8217; surfaces and atmospheres interact with the surrounding moving magnetized plasma forming a complex plasma&amp;#160;interaction. The interaction scenarios for both moons are characterized by inhomogeneities in the atmospheres from local outgassing. These inhomogeneities affect the electromagnetic&amp;#160;environment but can also lead to localized features in the moons' auroral emissions. The moons&amp;#8217; aurora in turn is sensitive to the energy or temperature of the exciting electrons in the plasma. To simulate the&amp;#160;interaction scenarios including atmospheric inhomogeneities and aurora generation, we expand the magnetohydrodynamic code MPI-AMRVAC by implementing a self-consistent description of&amp;#160;the electron temperature and the electron density where the cooling by inelastic collisions between the magnetospheric electrons and the atmosphere, and the electron heat flux from the&amp;#160;magnetospheric plasma to the moons&amp;#8217; ionosphere are included. Furthermore, the numerical schemes of MPI-AMRVAC are able to handle discontinuities that arise from the atmospheric inhomogeneities. Here,&amp;#160;we demonstrate the&amp;#160;implementation of the physical effects and first modeling results of Io&amp;#8217;s and Europa&amp;#8217;s plasma interaction with the advanced MHD code.&lt;/p&gt;

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