scholarly journals On the need to control the state of the upper edge of the prism in a flow-through refractometer for measurements with an error less than 10−4

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012145
Author(s):  
F A Isakov ◽  
V V Davydov ◽  
V Yu Rud

Abstract The article substantiates the need to use a flow-through refractometer to control the state of a flowing liquid during scientific research, when automating a technological process, etc. The main negative factors that affect an increase in the measurement error of the refractive index n of a flowing liquid are determined. It was found that one of these factors is the formation of a thin film (plaque) on the upper face of the prism, which is in contact with the medium under study. The study of the influence of this film on the measurement error has been carried out. A method has been developed to eliminate plaque from the upper face of the prism during the operation of the refractometer. The results of experimental studies are presented.

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
В.В. Давыдов ◽  
А.В. Мороз ◽  
Д.И. Николаев

The necessity of developing a new method for measuring the refractive index of a liquid in a turbulent mode of its flow in a pipeline is substantiated. A new method for measuring the refractive index of a medium n is presented. For its practical implementation, a new design of a flow-through refractometer has been developed, which makes it possible to measure n in both laminar and turbulent fluid flow. A new design of the optical part of the refractometer is considered. A new way of placing it on the vertical section of the pipeline for measuring n is proposed. All this makes it possible to make insignificant the influence on the measurement result of n flowing liquid of errors associated with multiple reflections of laser radiation from optical elements, with the formation of voids or vortex flows in the pipeline and with temperature fluctuations. In the design of a refractometer with a new method for measuring n, there are no restrictions on determining the value of n of a flowing liquid, in contrast to the used industrial flow-through refractometers, the principle of which is based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection of laser radiation at the interface of two media. The results of experimental studies of various media are presented.


2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
В.В. Давыдов ◽  
А.В. Мороз

Factors that are affected the influence of the measurement error of the refractive index n in the flowing liquid (change in its optical density and temperature) are established. A during the using a differential flow type refractometer for measuring n flowing fliquid on the error in measuring the refractive index is additionally influenced by the scattering of radiation in the cell transducer and the wedge-shaped glass of the cell. New design of a differential refractometer for investigation of the optical density influence of the flowing liquid on the measurement error n is developped. New results confirming the influence of changes in the optical density of the flowing liquid on the measuring error of the refractive index n are recived. Compensation technique of the changes influence a optical density on the measurement error n is offered.


Author(s):  
В.В. Давыдов ◽  
Н.С. Мязин ◽  
В.И. Дудкин ◽  
Р.В. Давыдов

The necessity of simultaneous measurement of the longitudinal T1 and transverse T2 relaxation times for monitoring the state of the flowing liquid during the study in the range of flow rate q changes by at least two orders of magnitude has been substantiated. A new method for measuring T1 has been developed. For its implementation, the design of a differential nuclear magnetic spectrometer has been proposed, which makes it possible to measure T1 in the entire range of measurement of flow rate q. The results of experimental studies are presented.


2018 ◽  
pp. 106-126
Author(s):  
O. V. Anchishkina

The paper deals with a special sector of public procurement — G2G, in which state organizations act as both customers and suppliers. The analysis shows the convergence between contractual and administrative relations and risks of transferring the negative factors, responsible for market failures, into the administrative system, as well as the changing nature of the state organization. Budget losses in the sector G2G are revealed and estimated. There are doubts, whether the current practice of substitution of market-based instruments for administrative requirements is able to maintain integrity of public procurement in the situation of growing strategic challenges. Measures are proposed for the adjustment and privatization of contractual relations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3s) ◽  
pp. 420-423
Author(s):  
Д.А. Жуков ◽  
В.В. Амеличев ◽  
Д.В. Костюк ◽  
А.И. Крикунов ◽  
Д.В. Васильев ◽  
...  

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований магнитострикционных и магниторезистивных свойств тонкопленочных многослойных наноструктур Ta/FeNiCo/CoFe/Ta и Ta/FeNiCo/CoFeВ/Ta на окисленных кремниевых подложках диаметром 100 мм. Экспериментально установлена зависимость величины анизотропного магниторезистивного эффекта от величины механических деформаций в экспериментальных образцах наноструктур. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the magnetostriction and magnetoresistive properties of thin-film multilayer nanostructures Ta/FeNiCo/CoFe/Ta and Ta/FeNiCo/CoFeB/Ta on oxidized silicon substrates with a diameter of 100 mm. The dependence of the magnitude of the anisotropic magnetoresistive effect on the magnitude of mechanical strains in experimental samples of nanostructures has been experimentally established.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Zhong Lijing ◽  
Roman A. Zakoldaev ◽  
Maksim M. Sergeev ◽  
Andrey B. Petrov ◽  
Vadim P. Veiko ◽  
...  

Laser direct writing technique in glass is a powerful tool for various waveguides’ fabrication that highly develop the element base for designing photonic devices. We apply this technique to fabricate waveguides in porous glass (PG). Nanoporous optical materials for the inscription can elevate the sensing ability of such waveguides to higher standards. The waveguides were fabricated by a single-scan approach with femtosecond laser pulses in the densification mode, which resulted in the formation of a core and cladding. Experimental studies revealed three types of waveguides and quantified the refractive index contrast (up to Δn = 1.2·10−2) accompanied with ~1.2 dB/cm insertion losses. The waveguides demonstrated the sensitivity to small objects captured by the nanoporous framework. We noticed that the deposited ethanol molecules (3 µL) on the PG surface influence the waveguide optical properties indicating the penetration of the molecule to its cladding. Continuous monitoring of the output near field intensity distribution allowed us to determine the response time (6 s) of the waveguide buried at 400 µm below the glass surface. We found that the minimum distinguishable change of the refractive index contrast is 2 × 10−4. The results obtained pave the way to consider the waveguides inscribed into PG as primary transducers for sensor applications.


Photonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Qais M. Al-Bataineh ◽  
Mahmoud Telfah ◽  
Ahmad A. Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad M. Alsaad ◽  
Issam A. Qattan ◽  
...  

We report the synthesis and characterization of pure ZnO, pure CeO2, and ZnO:CeO2 mixed oxide thin films dip-coated on glass substrates using a sol-gel technique. The structural properties of as-prepared thin film are investigated using the XRD technique. In particular, pure ZnO thin film is found to exhibit a hexagonal structure, while pure CeO2 thin film is found to exhibit a fluorite cubic structure. The diffraction patterns also show the formation of mixed oxide materials containing well-dispersed phases of semi-crystalline nature from both constituent oxides. Furthermore, optical properties of thin films are investigated by performing UV–Vis spectrophotometer measurements. In the visible region, transmittance of all investigated thin films attains values as high as 85%. Moreover, refractive index of pure ZnO film was found to exhibit values ranging between 1.57 and 1.85 while for CeO2 thin film, it exhibits values ranging between 1.73 and 2.25 as the wavelength of incident light decreases from 700 nm to 400 nm. Remarkably, refractive index of ZnO:CeO2 mixed oxide-thin films are tuned by controlling the concentration of CeO2 properly. Mixed oxide-thin films of controllable refractive indices constitute an important class of smart functional materials. We have also investigated the optoelectronic and dispersion properties of ZnO:CeO2 mixed oxide-thin films by employing well-established classical models. The melodramatic boost of optical and optoelectronic properties of ZnO:CeO2 mixed oxide thin films establish a strong ground to modify these properties in a skillful manner enabling their use as key potential candidates for the fabrication of scaled optoelectronic devices and thin film transistors.


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