scholarly journals Mathematical model and experimental validation for the prediction of dissolved oxygen saturation in aquaculture ponds

2022 ◽  
Vol 2153 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
K M Valdez-Prudencio ◽  
S Arceo-Diaz ◽  
J A Bricio-Barrios ◽  
E E Bricio-Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Artificial Aeration

Abstract Fluid mechanics is one of the oldest areas of physics with the greatest number of applications in everyday life. This area became more versatile when mass and energy transport equations were incorporated. Together, these equations allow describing a wide variety of case studies with great precision. Among cases available in the open literature, aquaculture is one of the most important due to the growing need for food sources for human consumption, the nutritional value of many fish varieties, the low cost of the maintenance of fish farms. Dissolved oxygen is one of the most relevant parameters ensuring water quality in fish farming. Many fish farms use permanent artificial aeration systems for maintaining the oxygen level within the recommended range used, causing an increasing energy consumption. Therefore, this work proposes an equation and validation, based on equations hydraulics and transport phenomenon, capable of determining the maximum concentration of dissolved oxygen in the body from the operating parameters of the tilapia rearing pond.

scholarly journals The Prtotein Content In Edible Insects And The Nutritional Value Of Macrophytes In Their Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 71-90
Author(s):  
Sattarov Abdumurod Sattarovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Average Survival

This article analyzes the synthesis of the Tenebrio molitor protein (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) belonging to a food insect, depending on its nutrient content. Differences in protein synthesis by Tenebrio molitor larvae were shown when wheat bran and flour from the macrophytesLemna minor and Azollacarolina were added. In particular, it was noted that TMO-2 and TMO-6 T.molitor F6 larvae are synthesized on average 31.02% protein in wheat bran, 38.13% in duckweed and 30.87% in azole. It was found that the larvae of variant F6 grown on wheat bran synthesized protein on average 4.79% less than the variant F1 of wheat. F6 larvae grown in duckweed synthesized 7.11% more protein than larvae grown in wheat bran and 0.15% less protein synthesis than larvae grown in azole. It was found that F6 larvae grown in duckweed produce 7.26% more protein than larvae grown in azole. Summarizing these indicators, it was noted that in the body of larvae eating macrophytes insufficient absorption of nutrients, low moisture content in the feed led to their death, egg laying and larvae of variant F6 produced significantly less protein than variant F1. When feeding macrophytes, it is advisable to takeintoaccountits moisture content or add flour based on them to other food sources. It was studied that egg-laying larvae grown on the basis of azole accounted for 38.14%, whereas in duckweed this indicator was 58.38%. It was found that in larvae grown on wheat bran, the percentage of egg-laying is 68.85%. The mortality rate of larvae feeding on wheat bran was 18.22%, in duckweed - 44.63%, in azole - 62.27%, this is due to insufficient moisture in the composition of duckweed and azole (average humidity 3.4-4.2%), relatively high humidity (average humidity 9.58-10.12%) in wheat bran. Survival coefficients of Tenebrio molitor F6 larvae were determined in three different compositions and sources of nutrients with different humidity (wheat bran, Lemna minor and flour Azollacarolina). Tenebrio molitor F6 larvae of the generation of variants TMO-2 and TMO-6 were grown on wheat bran with an average survival rate of 0.79, on duckweed flour - 0.50, on azolla flour - 0.64. It was noted that the survival rate of larvae grown on wheat bran was 15.5% higher than that of larvae grown on azolla, and it is advisable to explain the source not by the protein reserve, but by the amount of moisture in it. It was noted that the moisture content (9.58-10.12%) (protein 15%) in wheat bran was a factor in the high viability of the larvae compared to azolla (protein-27%, humidity 8.2%). Despite the easy protein synthesis in the body of larvae in duckweed flour (protein - 16.1%, humidity - 4.4%) compared to azolla flour, its content is 3.8% lower than that of azolla, due to the fact that survival the larvae in them were lower than in wheat and azolla. Therefore, along with the protein content, moisture is an important factor when choosing a food source. When summing the survival rates of larvae of the Tenebrio molitor F6 generation in the studied nutrient media, the average survival was calculated as 0.96. This means that based on the established ratios of wheat bran, duckweed and azolla flour, it will be possible to create a nutrient medium with a new content, high nutritional value and low cost

scholarly journals Microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of the water used to Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum species, in Maranhão State

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-438
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília de Sousa CUNHA ◽  
Ana Cristina Vieira COSTA ◽  
Márcia Araújo Vander BOOR ◽  
Francisca Neide COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical

SUMMARY Brazil has favorable hydrographic and climatic conditions for the development of fish farming. The success of this activity depends on the quality of the water, since it directly influences its productivity. Therefore, in order to verify the microbiological and physico - chemical characteristics of the water in the creation of the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) species in fish farming in São Bento, a municipality located in the. State, 16 water samples from six fish farms were evaluated for the physical parameters (Temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, color, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate and nitrite) and microbiological (coliforms and heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria). According to the findings, all samples were contaminated by total and thermotolerant coliforms, 13 (77.15%) were outside the standards recommended by the legislation. As for the mesophilic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, the mean counts ranged from 30.6 x 102 to 4.7 x 104 CFU / mL. As for the physical-chemical parameters, it was verified that the temperature ranged from 27.4°C to 30°C; PH 5.0 to 8.2; Transparency ranged from 0 to 46 cm; Turbidity from 12 to 1,251 NTU, the color from 0 to 666.50 UH; Dissolved oxygen from 7.1 to 14.7 mg / L; Alkalinity of 17.5 to 412 mg / L; Hardness from 14.6 to 1027.8 mg / L; Nitrate from 1 to 160 mg / L and nitrite from 0.01 to 0.45 mg / L. The findings show that the water of fish farms has inadequate microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics for fish farming.

scholarly journals Intelligent conditioning for the intensive production of tilapia in the southern zone of the State of Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Rosa María De Anda-López ◽  
Rodolfo Aguirre-Aranda ◽  
Agripín Sánches-Salinas ◽  
Horacio Jaramillo-Plata
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Control System ◽  
Separate Control ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Alternative Energies

Fish farming is a fundamental sector of the economy for several communities. Traditionally, the processes inherent to this activity, such as the feeding of the fish, the replacement of water, the control of temperature, the level of ammonium, are carried out manually and empirically; However, in recent years they have begun to incorporate technological tools for their automation. In the present work we seek to integrate intelligent and separate control systems that exist in the market to generate a single intelligent control system, with the ability to control temperature, ammonia, water clarity, food, in such a way that is presented as a flexible and integrated production process, that meets the requirements of aquaculture health, this system should provide, to small producers in the southern area of the State of Mexico, the certainty that your product meets specifications and standards for human consumption. With this study new opportunities for the application of technologies, especially those of low cost, are envisaged, so that they are accessible to the greatest number of fish farmers and their use guarantees the improvement in the processes carried out. It also highlights the importance that the use of alternative energies can have, to make the most of natural resources and minimize the environmental impact.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF STARTERFEED FOR VALUABLE TYPES OF FISH GROWN IN COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Valentina Ivanovna Sidorova ◽  
Nadezhda Ivanovna Yеnvareva ◽  
Saule Zhangirovna Asylbekova ◽  
Nina Sergeevna Badryzlova ◽  
Saya Kashkinbayevna Koyshibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

The article describes aquaculture as a main factor saturating the domestic market with high-grade fish products in the world. In last decades, food production in this sector has increased by 12 times with an average annual increase of 8.8%. The Republic of Kazakhstan has rather high potential for developing different lines of commercial fish farming. Modern industrial fish farming is based on keeping fish in fully controlled water environments. In modern conditions, when fish are kept in cages and pools, natural feed is no longer of fundamental importance. Artificial feed is widely used; it should be balanced for the main nutrients and meet the needs of aquaculture facilities. There have been given data on nutrient requirements for the fish species that are new for aquaculture of Kazakhstan: larvae and juveniles of zander, tilapia and clarid catfish. There have been given the standards of adding components to the feed recipes, suggested the premix recipe for producing these feed and shown the quality parameters of starter feed for larvae and juvenile of zander, tilapia and clarid catfish developed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The nutritional value of starter feeds for these fish species has been defined. Halyk Balyk LLP conducted the production tests in order to determine the effectiveness of using the feed and their uptake by the fry. Feed for trout Aller Agua produced in Denmark served as a reference. Research and business experiment showed that food coefficient of the feed prepared for clarid catfish (0.92) is slightly inferior to the imported feed, with fry survival rate at 71%, average daily increase at 54.3 mg. The designed recipes of starter feedstuff may solve the problem of import substitution for feed products in the country. The data on nutritional needs of the fish mentioned may be used to calculate the feed recipes for fish farms.

Deformation of Nets With Bending Stiffness Normal to Uniform Currents

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Gansel ◽  
Østen Jensen ◽  
Per Christian Endresen ◽  
Martin Føre
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Fish Cages ◽  
Uniform Currents

The tremendous growth of the fish farming industry in Norway over the past decades was supported by new designs and materials for fish farms, enabling bigger fish cages to be positioned in more exposed sea areas. Today, the nets of most fish cages in Norway are made from nylon. Nylon nets are lightweight, relatively easy to handle and at the low cost end of proposed net materials. However, nylon nets also have some unfortunate characteristics like low abrasion resistance and limited tensile strength. Thus, new net materials are proposed to better prevent escapes, protect fish from predator attacks, improve the stability of fish cages and reduce bio-fouling. Some of these materials are stiff in at least one direction and there still is a lack of knowledge about the behavior of nets with bending stiffness in currents and waves. The aim of this study was to determine how nets with bending stiffness deform in different currents and how the deformation influences the drag on the nets and to compare the results with predictions from a numerical model. Three types of net (PET, copper and steel) were clamped to a solid steel bar on the top side, but were otherwise unrestricted. Reflective markers were mounted on the nets and an optical tracking system was used to determine the position of the markers during the tests, thus allowing the determination of the deformation of the net panels. The forces on the net panels were measured with a multi-axis force/torque sensor system. The nets were subjected to several flow speeds between 0.1 and 0.9 m/s. It is shown that bending stiffness and density of nets affect net deformation, as both parameters impact the balance between drag and gravitational forces on the nets. Net deformation leads to a decrease of the projected net area. As the rate of deformation with current speed varies greatly between different net types, the discrepancy between measured drag and drag values normalized to the projected net area at different current speeds follows different relationships for different nets. A numerical model, FhSim was able to predict net deformation of nets with bending stiffness well and it is shown that FhSim could not only account for the effect of bending stiffness on net deformation, but also that the model captures the structural dynamics of nets with bending stiffness in a current.

Results of a comparative study of the use of fodder worms of two breeds for pool growing of young tilapy and clary catfish in the conditions of the Almaty

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Z. Bolatbekova ◽  
S. Assylbekova ◽  
B. Kulatayev ◽  
S. Koishybayeva ◽  
N. Bulavina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Breeding Zone ◽  
Improved Methods

The aryicle presents the results of a comparative study of the biochemical composition of earthworms of dendrobene and prospector rocks, the peculiarities of their cultivation and their use for feeding when growing juvenile tilapia and clary catfish. The experience of cultivating earthworms of two breeds using the improved methods of foreign authors is described. The results of a study of the biochemical composition of cultivated objects that determine their nutritional value for feeding fish are presented. The fish-breeding and biological indicators of juvenile tilapia and clary catfish, obtained during the cultivation of dendrobene and prospector in fish farming in the Almaty region (VI fish-breeding zone) during worm feeding, are analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the studied indicators made it possible to assign a certain rating place to each worm breed in relation to its use as fish feed.

Public health implications of waste water reuse for fish production

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-S. Easa ◽  
M. M. Shereif ◽  
A. I. Shaaban ◽  
K. H. Mancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treated Effluent

Public health and safety concerns have traditionally been the main reasons for resisting waste water reuse for fish farming. Potential adverse health effects in such applications could be avoided if the waste is sufficiently treated before reuse. In a full scale demonstration study in Suez, Egypt, about 400 m3/d of raw sewage were treated using a multi-compartment stabilization pond system, for a total residence time from 21-26 days. The treated effluent conformed to WHO guidelines and was used for rearing two types of local fish (tilapia and gray mullet). The produced fish were subjected to an extensive monitoring program. Bacteriological examination revealed that in all samples the fish muscles were free of bacterial contaminants. Nevertheless, low levels of Escherichia coli andAeromonas hydrophila, were isolated from the surface of the fish. Salmonellae, shigellae and staphylococcus aureus were absent from the surface of all the fish sampled. In addition, toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) were found to be at much lower levels than the international advisory limits for human consumption. It is concluded that fish reared in the treated effluent at Suez Experimental Station is (a) suitable for marketing for human consumption, and (b) it's quality is equal or better than fresh water fish in Egypt.

Fish farming in Denmark: environmental impact of regulative legislation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
The Impact

The main environmental problems associated with fish farming in Denmark are attributable to the dam, the “dead reach” and nutrient and organic matter discharge. The environmental regulation of fish farming in Denmark started with the Environmental Protection Act of 1974, the Statutory Order of 1985 forbidding wet feed, and the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987. In the case of freshwater fish farms, the latter was implemented through the measures stipulated in the 1989 Statutory Order on Fish Farms. The impact of Danish legislative measures to reduce and regulate the environmental effects of freshwater fish farms can be summarized as follows: - the number of fish farms has been reduced from about 800 in 1974 to about 500 at present; - production has tripled since 1974 and has been stable since 1989; - a change from wet to dry feed has reduced the environmental impact of the farms; - the national goals of the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987 for reducing fish farm discharges of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus have been fulfilled. The main remaining problems are that: - the local impact of fish farms on downstream stream quality is still much too high in about 15% of cases; - the problem of the passage of migrating invertebrates and fish is still unsolved at some farms; - the problems posed by “dead reaches” are still unsolved. It is concluded that sustainable fish farming is possible in Denmark, but with the present technology production will have to be significantly reduced.

Environmental impact of nutrients from nordic fish farming

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Enell
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Inland Water Bodies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feed Coefficient

During the last 20 years there has been an interesting development of the Nordic fish farming, with regard to the feeding and farming technology and to the increase in production quantities. During the period 1974-1994 the production increased from 15,800 to about 250,000 tonnes/year. In 1974 the major part of the production was in Denmark, and in 1994 the major part was in Norway. The nutrient impact of fish farming on surrounding sea areas is mainly a function of the feed coefficient, the feed composition and metabolic processes in the fish. The comprehensive development of the feed composition and the feeding technology has resulted in reduced load of unmetabolized nutrients from fish farms, calculated per tonne fish produced. In 1974 the mean Nordic feed coefficient was 2.08 and in 1994 the coefficient was 1.25. Feed coefficients of 1.0-1.1 are now reported for Danish and Norwegian freshwater and marine fish farms. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content of the feed has decreased, in addition the quality of the nutrient substances in the feed has changed, especially for N. The N content has decreased from 7.8 to 6.8% during the period 1974-1994 and the content of P has decreased from 1.7 to 0.7% during the same period. This development of the feed coefficient and the feed composition has resulted in a present load from a typical Nordic fish farm of 55 kg N and 4.8 kg P/t fish produced. The figures for 1974 were 132 kg N and 31 kg P/t fish produced. The Nordic fish farming production in 1994 resulted in a load of about 13,750 t N and about 1,200 t P on the actual recipients. The load from the Swedish, Finnish and Danish fish farming operations, with the Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak as the recipients, is negligible in comparison with other pollution sources. The quantities of N and P from the fish farming are equal to 0.5% of the atmospheric deposition on the sea surface and 3% of the atmospheric P load. Norwegian, Icelandic and the Faroe Islands fish farming operations are using the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea as the recipients. However, the nutrient load from single fish farms in certain coastal and inland water bodies can be significant and must be considered in the impact assessment together with other sources.

What's eating North America's edible insect industry? An examination of psychological, cultural and regulatory barriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Christl Li ◽  
Sean B. Cash ◽  
Julie Lesnik ◽  
Timothy S. Griffin ◽  
Joel Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Structural Barrier ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
Specific Regulation

Abstract Although research has demonstrated the positive nutritional value and environmental benefits associated with edible insect consumption, several factors challenge the growth and development of the edible insect industry for human consumption in the US and Canada. Cultural and psychological factors account for much of the aversion US and Canadian consumers display. The absence of specific regulation also constitutes a structural barrier to more widespread production and sale of edible insects. Compared to the US, the European Union has a more developed edible insect industry and has enacted legislation that removes some of the barriers. As consumer awareness of the putative health benefits of edible insects increases, more comprehensive regulations may emerge to keep pace with the growth of this industry. Overall, a multi-disciplinary approach that addresses both benefits and barriers to consumption is needed to facilitate a robust market for edible insects in the US and Canada.

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