scholarly journals Reduced health burden and economic benefits of cleaner fuel usage from household energy consumption across rural and urban China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Lu ◽  
Shaohui Zhang ◽  
Chang Tan ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Zhu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Consumption ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Energy consumption in the residential sector is increasing rapidly in China. This study applies an integrated assessment model to investigate the adverse impacts of household energy consumption by various fuel types across rural and urban areas on age- and sex- specific premature deaths associated with PM2.5 pollution at provincial levels for 2015. We further estimate the economic and health co-benefits of a switch from solid fuels to electricity within households. We find that energy consumed by Chinese urban households was nearly 1.8 times than that of rural households. However, premature deaths due to household energy usage was 1.1 times higher in rural areas compared to urban areas due to direct use of coal for heating in rural households. The majority of household consumption-related premature deaths are predominately in the Southern area of China due to the population size and aging population. By replacing coal and biomass with electricity, this paper estimates economic benefits equal to 0.09% (95% CI: 0.08%-0.1%) GDP for rural areas and 0.006% (0.005%-0.007%) of GDP for urban areas of China. The results suggest that mitigation measures such as the promotion and subsidization of cleaner fuels, modern stove within rural households would yield these potential significant economic benefits.

scholarly journals Households’ Energy Consumption Pattern and Demand in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 340-353
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Sajjad ◽  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Energy Consumption Pattern

This study examined household energy consumption pattern in Pakistan using Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS). Price and expenditure elasticities estimated for the energy demand using a household income and expenditure data of the year 2011-12. The energy consumption expenditure pattern of rural and urban region is different. The study reveals that electricity is the most important and highly consumable source of energy for the household living in the country. Electricity and natural gas are the highly consumed fuel in the urban areas, whereas, electricity and firewood in the rural areas. The energy consumption expenditure is inelastic with respect to changes in income except for firewood for urban region. All the estimated expenditure elasticities of the energy types were found less than one indicating that energy consumption is the necessity for the household

scholarly journals Driving forces for fuelwood use in households in the Thulamela municipality, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure ◽  
Nthaduleni Samuel Nethengwe ◽  
Agnes Musyoki
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Preference

AbstractEnergy is a fundamental requirement to sustain human life, but most people in rural areas do not have enough access to efficient and affordable energy resources. Socio-economic measures are increasingly used to determine household energy consumption patterns. The pattern of household energy consumption represents the status of welfare as well as the stage of a country’s economic development. Household energy consumption is expected to increase in the future, along with growth in the economy and a rise in per capita incomes. This study was undertaken to understand the driving forces for energy preference in rural households, while reassessing the energy ladder and multiple fuel use. Two hundred questionnaires were administered to elicit information from respondents in Altein, Botsoleni, Makhovha and Thenzheni in the Thulamela municipality of South Africa. A non-parametric test (Chi-square) was used to determine the relationships amongst the factors influencing the use of fuelwood in the study area. Cramer’s V was used to test the association of the variables, the strength and the direction of the relationship. The results indicate that household income, educational level and employment status, cultural norms and values, are among the key determinants of the energy preference scale.Keywords: rural households; energy consumption; energy ladder; energy preference

scholarly journals Seasonality and household diets in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Hirvonen ◽  
Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse ◽  
Ibrahim Worku Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo revisit seasonality by assessing how household diets vary across agricultural seasons in rural and urban Ethiopia. The role of seasonality on the sources and intake of energy (per capita) and household dietary diversity score (HDDS) was analysed.DesignThe use of nationally representative household-level data collected each month over one year to study the seasonal changes in the sources and intake of energy and HDDS.SettingEleven regions of Ethiopia, including rural and urban settings.SubjectsTotal of 27 835 households were interviewed between July 2010 and July 2011 in all eleven regions of the country. On average each month saw 2300 household interviews, yielding nationally representative data for each calendar month.ResultsFor rural households, the mean daily per capita energy intake was 10 288 kJ (2459 kcal) in February (post-harvest period) and lower in the lean season: 9703 kJ (2319 kcal) in June (P<0·05) and 9552 kJ (2283 kcal) in July (P<0·001). HDDS for rural households was highest in February (6·73) and lowest in June (5·98; P<0·001) but high again in July (6·57). Urban energy intake was also lower in the lean season but HDDS varied less by season. Considerable seasonal variation was also found in energy sources in rural areas, less so in urban areas.ConclusionsHousehold diets in Ethiopia remain subjected to significant seasonal stress. HDDS and food security measured using energy intake do not always agree. Preferably, HDDS and energy intake data should be used together to assess food security.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Household Energy Consumption in Ibadan Region; A Spatio-quantitative Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Oyeleke Oluwaseun Oyerinde
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Household Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
End Use ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Understanding locational variations in household energy consumption is critical to ascertaining dichotomies of energy use, need and wellbeing. In recognition of this, the study compares quantities of household energy consumption among urban, peri-urban and rural areas in Ibadan region, Nigeria using Net Heating Value (NHV). It employs a stratified random sampling of 166 households across the three zones. Results show that electricity, majorly used for appliances is dominant in the urban in contrast to fuelwood at the peri-urban and rural areas where cooking is the major end use. Though the quantities of total household energy consumption do not vary significantly at p < .05, electricity consumption is however significantly higher in urban households than in peri-urban and rural households. The Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that socioeconomic characteristics significantly influenced the quantity of household energy consumption at the urban area only. Major variations between locations appear to be in energy types and end uses rather than quantity consumed.

Direct and Indirect Household Energy Consumption in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 844-847
Author(s):  
Zhi Jie Li ◽  
Zhong Ying Qi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Coal Technology ◽  
Industrial Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Energy Consumption

Nowadays, China has paid much attention to industrial energy consumption. In fact, household energy consumption, close related to everyones daily life, is playing a more and more important role. In this paper, we utilize input-output model to obtain the value of indirect household energy consumption. We find out the structures of direct and indirect consumption and the gap between rural and urban energy consumption. The results show that the energy consumption structure is cleaner than before, and the gap between rural and urban energy consumption is narrowing. We make the suggestions that clean coal technology is badly needed and supplying more natural gas is helpful.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

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